scholarly journals The impact of inappropriate food advertising on consumer behavior

10.5219/1216 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1034-1039
Author(s):  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Ľubica Kubicová ◽  
Mária Holotová ◽  
Kristína Predanocyová
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Psychological Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contingency Test ◽  
Smirnov Test

The impact of food advertising on consumer behavior is a matter of concern to psychologists, marketers, economists and the general public alike. It is well known that the consumer is not rational, and all the time does not carefully evaluate all available alternatives before purchase. There exist many stimuli influencing consumer behavior, which refers to the study of buying tendencies of consumers. There are several stages a consumer goes through before he finally picks up products available in the market. Various factors, be it cultural, social, personal or psychological, influence the buying decision of individuals. Submitted paper deals with the impact of inappropriate advertising on consumer behavior, namely the purchase of food. Related research was conducted at Department of Marketing and Trade, FEM SUA in Nitra, based on a questionnaire survey with a sample of 702 respondents from the Slovak Republic. We have used two research methods: Chi Square contingency test and Kolmogorov – Smirnov test. Obtained results proved that 38% of respondents have a personal experience with inappropriate food advertising and most respondents considered inappropriate food advertising as a deceptive, misleading and manipulative one. It was confirmed that the perception of inappropriate food advertising is not dependent on the age of the respondents and respondents do not avoid buying food previously seen in inappropriate advertising. They take into consideration more important characteristics and features of the food products such as quality, price, taste etc.

scholarly journals Relationship between oral habits and spirometry maneuvers, in children

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Rafaela Coelho Minsky ◽  
Tayná Castilho ◽  
Roseane Rebelo Silva Meira ◽  
Tatiana Godoy Bobbio ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Smirnov Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze whether deleterious oral habits can influence the number of attempts of forced spirometry maneuvers performed by healthy children. Methods: this observational and cross-sectional analytical study included 149 healthy children aged 6-12 years attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. A validated protocol was applied for the analysis of deleterious oral habits. The children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers needed to achieve successful spirometry results, as follows: G1) children who needed 3 maneuvers; G2) 4 maneuvers; G3) 5-8 maneuvers. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare quantitative variables between the groups. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups and qualitative variables. Results: there was no association between the number of attempts and the qualitative variables evaluated by the protocol. There was also no difference between the groups regarding quantitative variables for breastfeeding time, breastfeeding occurrence, use of pacifiers, and thumb sucking. Conclusion: the presence of DOH did not influence the number of forced spirometry maneuvers, performed by the healthy children in this study.

scholarly journals Pola Pewarisan Karakter Umur Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Anas ◽  
Iman Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Smirnov Test

ABSTRACTInheritance Pattern of Maturity Character of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)Information on the inheritance pattern for the maturity characters in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is important for plant breeding program of early maturity sorghum. Objective of this experiment was to evaluate genetic control of days to flowering and anthesis. Three series of crossing Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 and BSS x 2.24 were grown in field experiment at Ciparanje experimental station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, from July to December 2014. As much 1046 F2 seeds were planted in row plot. Normality of data was analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and inheritance pattern of data was analyzed by Chi Square test. The result showed that the distribution of days to flowering and anthesis was not normal distributed. Inheritance pattern of days to flowering and anthesis of Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 and BSS x 2.24 tended to resemble Mendel’s inheritance pattern of 12:3:1 (epistasy dominant), and 13:3 (dominant-recessive epistasy).Keywords : Sorghum, Inheritance pattern, Maturity, Chi-squareABSTRAKInformasi mengenai pola pewarisan karakter-karakter umur tanaman sorgum sangat penting dalam program pemuliaan tanaman sorgum berumur genjah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontrol genetik karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis. Tiga seri persilangan dari Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 dan BSS x 2.24 ditanam di kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Desember 2014. Sebanyak 1046 benih F2 ditanam dalam petak baris. Normalitas data dianalis dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan pola pewarisan data dianalisis dengan uji Khi Kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran fenotip karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis tidak berdistribusi normal. Pola pewarisan karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis pada genotipe hasil persilangan Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 dan BSS x 2.24 cenderung menyerupai pola pewarisan nisbah Mendel 12:3:1 (epistasis dominan) dan 13:3 (epistasis dominan-resesif).Kata Kunci: Sorgum, Pola pewarisan, Umur tanaman, Khi Kuadrat

scholarly journals The Deadly Nature of the Virus Depression: Iranian Medical Staff Battling COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Bahrami Moghadam ◽  
Reza Khedri ◽  
Arash Forouzan ◽  
Mahmood Maniati ◽  
Payam Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Smirnov Test

Background: COVID-19, which began in December 2019 in China, can have a broader impact on individuals' mental dimensions. Meanwhile, the medical staff battling this epidemic are more at risk of mental and emotional problems.  This study aimed to examine the level of stress, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with the level of knowledge of medical staff battling in COVID-19 pandemic treatment. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 641 medical staff using an online platform to design the questionnaire, and its link was placed in different groups of social networks all over the country  in which the medical staff battling COVID 19 were members. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, independent one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square. Results: Higher knowledge about COVID-19 was associated with younger age, clinicians, and nurses. Moreover, females were more knowledgeable in terms of support; while males were more reliable in washing hands and disinfecting wet places. Based on the categorical version of psychological factors, the majority of cases had severe stress ( 39.80 % ), normal depression ( 48.50 % ), and normal anxiety ( 57.30 % ). Finally, it was found that married participants had more knowledge about COVID-19, but knew less about its fatality. Conclusion: Studies have shown negative psychological experiences caused by COVID-19 in nurses, including negative emotions, such as fatigue, discomfort, helplessness due to high-intensity work, anxiety, and worry about family members.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Erupsi Gigi Molar Pertama Permanen Rahang Bawah pada Anak Usia 6-7 Tahun di SD Negeri 12 Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes C. H. Sitinjak ◽  
Paulina N. Gunawan ◽  
Pritartha S. Anindita
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract: Nutritional status is resulted from consumption of food and use of nutrients. If nutrient intake is not fulfilled, the growth pattern of children, generally and specifically in permanent tooth eruption, would be disturbed or associated with delayed eruption. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and first permanent mandibular molar eruption in children aged 6-7 years at SD Negeri 12 (elementary school) Manado. This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling method. This study was conducted by measuring nutritional status using BMI-for-age and by examining the 36 and 46 tooth eruption. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately, and then were further analyzed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Of 60 subjects, 61.7% were classified as normal nutritional status and 95% belonged to the category of erupted first permanent mandibular molar. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Fisher’s exact test showed the p-values of 0.989 and 0.275 (>0.05). Conclusion: There is no relationship between nutritional status and first permanent mandibular molars eruption in children aged 6-7 years at SD Negeri 12 Manado.Keywords: nutritional status, first permanent mandibular molars eruption Abstrak: Status gizi merupakan keadaan tubuh akibat konsumsi makanan dan penggunaan zat gizi. Jika asupan zat gizi tidak terpenuhi maka pola pertumbuhan anak, baik secara umum maupun khusus pada erupsi gigi permanen akan terganggu atau terlambat erupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan erupsi gigi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah pada anak usia 6-7 tahun di SD Negeri 12 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran status gizi melalui indeks massa tubuh (IMT/U) dan memeriksa erupsi gigi 36 dan 46. Analisa hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat kemudian diolah menggunakan uji Chi-square. Dari 60 subyek penelitian, 61,7% tergolong status gizi normal dan 95% tergolong dalam kategori gigi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah telah erupsi. Hasil analisis bivariat terhadap hubungan antara status gizi dan erupsi gigi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji Fisher’s exact menunjukkan nilai p=0,989 dan p=0,275 (>0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan erupsi gigi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah pada anak usia 6-7 tahun di SD Negeri 12 Manado.Kata kunci: status gizi, erupsi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah.

scholarly journals Consumer Behavior toward the Use of Credit Cards: The Empirical Evidence from Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Amanj Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Credit card is a payment tool in the modern world and it is being called the plastic money. In Iraq and especially in Kurdistan region, the credit card utilization now is appealing to be more attractive. To address this issue, the present study sheds some light on the impact of credit cards on the consumer behavior and the benefits of credit cards for people of Kurdistan, Iraq. The data were obtained from 40 participants consisting of academicians in the related field, managers of banks, and credit card users by means of questionnaires. A range of variables that agreed to demographic information, such as level of education, gender, and income, were also considered. Drawing on chi-square and modeling analysis, the results portrayed a positive relationship between the costumer information and their behavior in using credit cards. The results of this study further suggest that since people in Kurdistan region of Iraq would like to apply credit cards in all aspects of life, the financial institutions should provide accessible information and valuable services. All in all, from this study it is implied that the “plastic money” makes a revolution in banking industry across the world and nowadays electronic banking becomes familiar to the world.

scholarly journals Sleep Hours: Risk behavior in adolescents from different countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-965
Author(s):  
Silvia Bandeira da Silva Lima ◽  
Walcir Ferreira-Lima ◽  
Flávia Évelin Bandeira Lima ◽  
Fellipe Bandeira Lima ◽  
Amanda Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.

scholarly journals Dining Patterns And Physical Activities With Obesity Events In Household Mothers In Taccorong Village, Gantarang District

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Nurazisah ◽  
A.Nurlaela Amin ◽  
Muriyati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

Based on the preliminary survey researchers the number of obesity increased from March and April to May and June 2018. From the results of research conducted by researchers, more eating patterns are less good than good diet and more who do less physical activity than moderate and heavy physical activity. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and physical activity with the incidence of obesity in housewives in the Taccorong Village, Gantarang District. This study uses an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were 1011 people. The sample in this study were 47 respondents. Data analysis using the Chi-square test on diet and using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test on physical activity. The results of the analysis of diet with obesity using the chi-square test obtained the value (p = 0.000) indicating that there was a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of obesity in housewives in Taccorong Village. Whereas physical activity analysis with obesity using Kolmogorov Smirnov test obtained values ​​(p = 0.022) showed that there was a relationship of physical activity with the incidence of obesity in housewives in the Taccorong Village. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between diet and physical activity with the incidence of obesity in housewives in the Taccorong Village, Gantarang Subdistrict, Bulukumba District. It is recommended for housewives to behave in a healthy life by maintaining a good diet and regulating physical activity well in order to avoid various degenerative diseases due to complications from obesity. For Bontonyeleng health centers to be able to form cadres to detect total obesity. For the next researcher who uses food recall 24 hours if using repeated time.

scholarly journals Barriers to the development of SMEs in the Slovak Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ivanová
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Impact

Research background: SMEs make up an important segment of the economic system, not only in the national economy, but also throughout the EU, and their importance continues to grow. SMEs in Slovakia, according to the latest data of the European Commission, represent 99.9 per cent of all enterprises, constitute 70.7 per cent of jobs, and 61.2 per cent of value added in the economy. However, they are often confronted with market imperfections. SMEs frequently have difficulties in obtaining capital or credit, particularly in the early start-up phase. Their restricted resources may also reduce access to new technologies or innovation. Authors often deal with the impact of SME financing on their development. Madrid-Guijarro et al. (2016), Lee et al. (2015) claim that SMEs have difficulty in funding innovation and the worsening in general credit conditions has been more pronounced for non-innovative firms.Purpose of the article: The main objective of the conducted research was to analyze the conditions for the development of small and medium enterprises (the SMEs sector) in Slovak Republic, whereas the specific objectives were: (1) to determine the terms for gaining external sources of financing for the development of SMEs, (2) to examine the resources for innovation development in the SMEs sector, (3) to find out if SMEs are considered to be a competitive advantage.Methods: The research was conducted in the Slovak Republic in 2016. Participants were 193 Slovak companies that were classified as SMEs by the size class of employment. The research tool used for the study was the own questionnaire consisting of 38 questions and the demographics. The structure of the questionnaire allowed the authors to identify the group of questions concerning the most important conditions for the development of the examined sector referring to the business environment. The results were processed by chi-square method.Findings & Value added: On the basis of the conducted research of the sector of SMEs , it can be concluded that a large group of companies have difficult access to external sources of financing and this refers both to the access to the European Union funds, grants, bank loans and other instruments of the financial market. However, it occurs that: (1) in Slovakia, the smaller the enterprise, i.e. the fewer employees it hires, the easier the access to external sources of financing, (1) innovative projects are realized from company profits or a loan, (1) problems in Slovakia in accessing external funds due to the complexity of the process of approval of applications and documents and strict criteria for the assessment of financial capacity.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF BUSINESS CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN RELATION TO BUILDING COMPETITIVENESS IN MARKET ECONOMY CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-503
Author(s):  
David Vrtana ◽  
Zuzana Rosnerova ◽  
Anna Krizanova
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

In the current market environment, the actual dynamics of the application of internal corporate factors is differentiated. The company thus tries to influence customers’ shopping behavior as effectively as possible. Therefore, it is important for the company to be able to adapt to these changes as effectively as possible. The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors influencing consumer behavior in the market conditions of the Slovak Republic. We described the current situation by a survey, which we conducted in 2020–2021. Among the selected categorical variables, we verified the dependence in two hypotheses by the statistical method of Pearson’s Chi-Square test. Using the method, we pointed out the factors that influence consumer behavior and can be important for change management. We compared the results of the survey with the results of similar surveys conducted abroad. Accepting the results of the survey, we proposed a general model of change management in the discussion part of the article. The model is thus a practical implication for companies with a differentiated subject of business. It also takes into account the behavioral characteristics that the company should adapt to in the current situation in order to achieve its strategic goals.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN OMAN – YOUTH PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Said Al-Jahwari ◽  
M. Firdouse Rahman Khan ◽  
Ghanya Khamies Al Kalbani ◽  
Shima Said Al Khansouri
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth Perspective

Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of online customer satisfaction through the product quality, application safety, delivery guarantee, and the offers through online shopping. Design/methodology/approach: For this research, the purposive sampling method was used to collect 120 samples through a questionnaire– from those who are performing online shopping in Oman especially the youth. SPSS was used to analyze the collected data. Chi-square analysis, ANOVA and Kolmogorov-Smirnov ranking analyses were carried out to conclude. Findings: The results of the empirical study reveal that the perceptions of the youth confirming the product quality & service guarantee influenced comfort and satisfaction to the online customers. The study also revealed that the service tangibility concerning the guaranteed package and delivery process along with the lowest price motivated them to go for online shopping repeatedly. Research Implications: The study illustrates through Quality Safety Assurance (QSA) model, the factors viz. Product Quality, Application Safety, Delivery Guarantee, and Offers should be focused to improve the online customer satisfaction, and the best-buy offers are the factors which need more attention to increase the Omani clientele. Social implications: The study throws light on the factors and their important role towards improving customer satisfaction during online shopping and the ways and means to augment the same. Originality/Value: Only a very few have examined the factors influencing thecustomers’ satisfaction of online shopping in Oman, and it is a first-hand study of its kind, and the results will be useful to the online marketers.

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