scholarly journals Pain and factors that affect its definition as defined by preschool age children: a qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Inal ◽  
Ayse Sonay Turkmen ◽  
Nejla Canbulat Sahiner ◽  
Alper Yusuf Koroglu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
School Age ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
The City ◽  
Hospital Equipment

The aim of this study was to determine the definitions of pain by pre-school age children and factors that affect these definitions. The study was conducted on children aged between four and six years (N=146) in the city of Karaman in Turkey. Qualitative and quantitative research design were used together in this study. This study’s qualitative tradition method was phenomenologic research.The data were assessed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The children’s definitions of pain were found to be affected by their hospital and daily life experiences. The preschool age children generally defined pain in similar ways, and everything that made children feel pain made them think about it. Sometimes their family members, hospital equipment, and health staff lead them to think about pain.

OSAS in children: Correlation between endoscopic and polysomnographic findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana C. P. Valera ◽  
Melissa A. G. Avelino ◽  
Márcia B. Pettermann ◽  
Reginaldo Fujita ◽  
Shirley S. N. Pignatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVES: To correlate polysomnographic findings with clinical history of apnea, the degree of obstruction caused by tonsillar hypertrophy, and to age group. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: 267 children with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) were evaluated. Patients were divided into preschool- and school-age categories, and subdivided in 3 additional groups, according to tonsillar hypertrophy. Polysomnographic findings were compared within groups. RESULTS: 34% of children had history of OSAS and normal polysomnographic findings. Tonsillar hypertrophy was correlated to more severe apnea among preschool-age children, but not among school-age children. Among children with tonsillar hypertrophy, more severe apnea was observed in preschool-age children than in school-age children. CONCLUSIONS: There is little correlation between polysomnographic and clinical findings in children with OSAS. SIGNIFICANCE: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy leads to more severe polysomnographic patterns in preschool-age children. More severe apnea is observed in younger children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy than in older ones.

scholarly journals Pronunciation simplification strategies in child language. Experimental study

2017 ◽  
pp. 46-72
Author(s):  
Eglė Krivickaitė
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Repetition Task

The aim of this study is to determine the strategies of pronunciation simplification. The sample of the study consisted of 288 Lithuanian children: 96 preschool age children (4;00–4;11), 95 pre-primary school age children (6;00–6;11) and 97 junior primary school age children (8;00–8;11). The data were collected using a non-word repetition task in Lithuanian.The results of the research have shown that Lithuanian children apply universal strategies of pronunciation simplification, mostly substitution and omission; other strategies such as consonant assimilation, metathesis, sound migration to another syllable and sound addition were much less frequent. Also the results show that children possibly apply associations with real Lithuanian words or their derivational forms.The research has demonstrated that the ability to repeat different structure words is related to the rules of Lithuanian phonotactics. Consonant clusters which are typical of Lithuanian words were pronounced accurately, whereas clusters which are rare in Lithuanian words were simplified in their pronunciation. Age was an important factor in the present study: older children repeated non-words more accurately. Older children have a larger lexicon and eventually develop it further; they learn new consonant clusters, which they are capable to pronounce more accurately.

scholarly journals Physical Violence of Parents in Children Age School

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Livana PH ◽  
Midhu Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
School Age ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The City ◽  
Descriptive Method

Physical violence often occurs in children, especially school-age children. School-age children are able to complete their developmental tasks if parents are able to educate children well, especially in disciplining children, but many parents choose ways to discipline children with physical violence. Physical violence by parents is able to influence the behavior and development of children, but the form of physical violence committed by parents have not been described in detail. Research aims to find out the picture of physical violence of parents in school-age children. This research is quantitative research with descriptive method. The study was conducted in the city of Kendal, Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted on 1313 school-age children. Data collection using total sampling techniques. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency distributions. Research results show shows that the majority of respondents were 10 years old and majority of respondents were male. Parents' physical violence in school children is shown by hitting the child with hands or sharp objects, although parents will calm the child when the child whines to ask for something. Keywords: physical violence, parent, children age school

scholarly journals Algorithm for diagnosis of early Schistosoma haematobium using prodromal signs and symptoms in pre-school age children in an endemic district in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009599
Author(s):  
Tariro L. Mduluza-Jokonya ◽  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
Maritha Kasambala ◽  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Endemic District ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia

Introduction Prompt diagnosis of acute schistosomiasis benefits the individual and provides opportunities for early public health intervention. In endemic areas schistosomiasis is usually contracted during the first 5 years of life, thus it is critical to look at how the infection manifests in this age group. The aim of this study was to describe the prodromal signs and symptoms of early schistosomiasis infection, correlate these with early disease progression and risk score to develop an easy to use clinical algorithm to identify early Schistosoma haematobium infection cases in resource limited settings. Methodology Two hundred and four, preschool age children who were lifelong residence of a schistosomiasis endemic district and at high risk of acquiring schistosomiasis were followed up from July 2019 to December 2019, during high transmission season. The children received interval and standard full clinical evaluations and laboratory investigations for schistosomiasis by clinicians blinded from their schistosomiasis infection status. Diagnosis of S. haematobium was by urine filtration collected over three consecutive days. Signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis at first examination visit were compared to follow-up visits. Signs and symptoms common on the last schistosomiasis negative visit (before a subsequent positive) were assigned as early schistosomiasis infection (ESI), after possible alternative causes were ruled out. Logistic regression identified clinical predictors. A model based score was assigned to each predictor to create a risk for every child. An algorithm was created based on the predictor risk scores and validated on a separate cohort of 537 preschool age children. Results Twenty-one percent (42) of the participants were negative for S. haematobium infection at baseline but turned positive at follow-up. The ESI participants at the preceding S. haematobium negative visit had the following prodromal signs and symptoms in comparison to non-ESI participants; pruritic rash adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 21.52 (95% CI 6.38–72.66), fever AOR = 82 (95% CI 10.98–612), abdominal pain AOR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.25–5.43), pallor AOR = 4 (95% CI 1.44–11.12) and a history of facial/body swelling within the previous month AOR = 7.31 (95% CI 3.49–15.33). Furthermore 16% of the ESI group had mild normocytic anaemia, whilst 2% had moderate normocytic anaemia. A risk score model was created using a rounded integer from the relative risks ratios. The diagnostic algorithm created had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 96.9%, Positive predictive value = 87.2% and NPV was 95.2%. The area under the curve for the algorithm was 0.93 (0.90–0.97) in comparison with the urine dipstick AUC = 0.58 (0.48–0.69). There was a similar appearance in the validation cohort as in the derivative cohort. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time prodromal signs and symptoms associated with early S. haematobium infection in pre-school age children. These prodromal signs and symptoms pave way for early intervention and management, thus decreasing the harm of late diagnosis. Our algorithm has the potential to assist in risk-stratifying pre-school age children for early S. haematobium infection. Independent validation of the algorithm on another cohort is needed to assess the utility further.

scholarly journals Kepercayaan Diri Ibu Berhubungan dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia Pra Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Selpina Embuai ◽  
Moomina Siauta
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Confidence ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
The Relationship

Ibu memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam setiap tahap perkembangan anak. Gangguan perkembangan bicara dan bahasa dialami oleh 8% anak usia prasekolah. Kepercayaan ibu akan kemampuannya untuk merawat anak-anaknya sangatlah diperlukan. Akibat dari kurangnya kepercayaan diri ibu akan mempengaruhi perkembangan anaknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya hubungan kepercayaan diri ibu dengan perkembangan anak usia prasekolah di Kelurahan Benteng Kecamatan Nusaniwe Kota Ambon. Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional. Populasinya adalah seluruh anak prasekolah di kelurahan benteng dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 107 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Uji yang digunakan adalah Chi Square. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ibu yang memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi (50.5%) juga memiliki anak dengan tingkat perkembangan yang normal (61.7%). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara kepercayaan diri ibu dengan perkembangan anak usia prasekolah (p = 0.001). Kepercayaan diri ibu memiliki peranan penting dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak usia pra sekolah. Kata kunci: anak usia pra sekolah, kepercayaan diri ibu, perkembangan anak, anak usia pra sekolah THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTHER CONFIDENCE WITH DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN ABSTRACTMothers have a very important role in each stage of child development. Speech and language developmental disorders are experienced by 8% of preschool age children. A mother's trust in her ability to care for her children is needed. As a result of lack of confidence in the mother will affect the development of their children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal confidence with the development of preschool age children in Benteng Subdistrict, Nusaniwe Subdistrict, Ambon City. Method: This type of research is cross sectional. The population is all preschool children in Benteng village with a total sample of 107 people. The sampling technique is done by purposive sampling. The test used is Chi Square. The instrument used was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that the number of mothers who had high self-confidence (50.5%) also had children with normal developmental levels (61.7%). The results also showed that there was a relationship between maternal confidence with the development of preschool children (p = 0.001). Mother's confidence has an important role and is very influential in the development of pre-school age children. Keywords: child development,, mother's confidence, pre-school age children

scholarly journals Euroregion as an Entity Stimulating the Sustainable Development of the Cross-Border Market for Cultural Services in a City Divided by a Border

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wróblewski ◽  
Andrzej Kasperek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The City

The article discusses the issue of the sustainable development of the cross-border market for cultural services in a city divided by the state border. The article uses the example of Cieszyn and Český Těšín, a city divided following the decision of the Council of Ambassadors in 1920. The research carried out so far indicates the main constraints in the harmonious functioning of the cross-border market for cultural services in this city, such as: different cultural policies implemented on both sides of the city, language barriers as well as legal and administrative differences. Therefore, the authors undertook research aimed at recognising the role of Euroregional structures in stimulating the sustainable development of this region. On the basis of the analysis of the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion's documentation and the results of qualitative and quantitative research, the article describes the role of the Euroregion in building a cross-border market for cultural services. Recommendations were also prepared that could constitute the principles of a common cultural policy not only for Cieszyn and Český Těšín, but also for other European cities in the Schengen Area, which, like Cieszyn and Český Těšín, have been divided by a state border.

scholarly journals Asthma Controller Medications for Children in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1557779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Hamada ◽  
Hironobu Tokumasu ◽  
Akira Sato ◽  
Masahiro Iwasaku ◽  
Koji Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
School Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Controller Medications ◽  
Antiasthma Drugs

Background. Treatment and management strategies for asthma in children are generally consistent internationally, but prescription of antiasthma drugs differs among countries. The objective of this study was to examine the prescribing patterns of antiasthma drugs, particularly controller medications, in children. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed in children with asthma using an administrative claims database in Japan. Results. A total of 1149 preschool-age and 3226 school-age children were identified. Leukotriene receptor antagonists were prescribed for about 80% of the children. Long-acting β-agonists were prescribed for 87.6% and 59.6% of preschool-age and school-age children, respectively, whereas prescriptions of inhaled corticosteroids had lower rates of 8.2% and 16.5%, respectively. In an examination of prescriptions at 1-month intervals, a relatively high number of children were prescribed bronchodilators without anti-inflammatory agents. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that asthma care for children in Japan can be improved through changes in drug prescriptions.

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Melegari ◽  
Roberto Sacco ◽  
Barbara Manzi ◽  
Elena Vittori ◽  
Antonio M. Persico
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

Objective: This study aims to develop an age-adjusted Child Behavior Checklist- (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)-based method for the detection of deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in preschoolers with ADHD and to assess its incidence, comorbidities, and consequences on interpersonal functioning. Method: Eighty-six ADHD preschoolers and 104 controls were assessed using CBCL, TRF/1½ to 5, Psychiatric Interview With Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Leiter-R, and ADHD rating scales. Results: Greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained applying slightly lower threshold scores compared with school-age children (CBCL: Anxiety/Depression [A/D] ≥ 59, Attention Problems [AP] ≥ 60, Aggression Behaviors [AB] ≥ 58; TRF: A/D ≥ 59, AP ≥ 60, AB ≥ 60). DESR was detected in 33/86 (38.4%) and in 16/54 (29.6%) ADHD preschoolers versus 2/104 (1.9%) controls using CBCL and TRF, respectively. DESR is associated with significantly greater comorbidity and impairment in interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Among ADHD preschoolers, DESR (a) requires lower CBCL and TRF threshold scores for detection, compared with school-age children, (b) displays similar incidence rates, and (c) is associated with enhanced psychiatric comorbidity and interpersonal difficulties.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN POJOK BACA SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGUN KARAKTER ANAK DI RT 006/RW 18 KELURAHAN SUNGAI BANGKONG PONTIANAK KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Tuti Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
School Age ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Reading Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Reading Interest

ABSTRACTThe reading interest of Indonesian children is in the category of concern. There many factors the cause of low children's interest in reading, from economic factors to environmental factors. RT 06 / RW 08, the Bangkong River Village is one of the areas in the city of Pontianak that needs to be improved the reading interest. In this environment still do not have the facilities and infrastructure that can facilitate school-age children to gain knowledge through reading activities. Even if the child's interest in reading has been stimulated from an early age, it can build morals and morals in children. Therefore, through this dedication the dedication team made a reading corner as a vehicle to foster interest in reading for children which not only contained reading books, but was able to facilitate children in growing and developing their character with non-book items, such as crayons, picture books, colored pencils, colored papers and other craft objects. The purpose of this service activity is to provide supporting facilities in the form of elementary school textbooks and other science books as well as providing non-book items to develop children's creativity and children's positive imagination.  Keywords : character, desire of reading, reading home

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