scholarly journals From Puppets to Opera

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana De Moraes Marreco Orsini Brescia
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
The City ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Although theatrical performances were being produced in Portuguese America since the 16th century, it was only in 1719 that the first permanent public theatre was established, offering puppet performances for locals and foreigners who visited the city of Rio de Janeiro. This paper analyses the foundation of the first permanent theatre of Brazil through primary sources and travellers’ journals. The contextualisation of the puppet theatrical activity in the early 18th-century Lisbon is also crucial to our understanding of the importance of this form of art, which figures as one of the most fascinating pages of Portuguese and Brazilian theatre history.

scholarly journals Between Barbarism and Progress: Enlightenment Historical Writings on a Major Conflict in Russian History

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Russian History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Idea ◽  
Historical Writings

The dichotomy of barbarism and progress has long been a focal point for the discussions about Russia’s past and present. The discourse on Russian barbarism had been known in Europe since at least 16th century, but Enlightenment thinkers gave it a new shape by juxtaposing the ancient conception of barbarism with the rather modern idea of progress. In this article, Enlightenment historical writings are examined; the focus is on the question of how Russian history was studied in order to find signs of barbarism and the different guises of progress. The primary sources for the article are mainly Russian historical writings; however, relations and interactions between Russian and European intellectuals, as well as intellectual exchange and influence, are also noted. As there were no word “civilization” in 18th-century Russian, enlightenment was deemed by Russian thinkers as the antipode to barbarism. It is concluded that most Enlightenment writers saw Christianization as a step forward from barbarism in Russian history. Parallels between Russia and Scandinavia as they were drawn by August Schlözer are also analyzed. The article shows how the idea of conflict between barbarism and progress altered the understanding of Russian history in the Enlightenment.

Yōga [洋画]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Art Production ◽  
Pencil Drawing ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The term Yōga is used in Japan to refer to Western-style art. It is often used to specifically denote oil paintings but more widely can refer to a range of imported methods, such as watercolors, pencil drawing, etching and lithography. It is this concern with materials that has traditionally distinguished Yōga from Japanese methods of art production, rather than reference to Western pictorial devices such as fixed-point perspective. As a result of missions from Europe arriving in the 16th century, Japan’s earliest forays into Yōga were Christian paintings, at least until the religion was outlawed under the Tokugawa Shogunate, which also implemented a policy of national seclusion. But it lifted its ban on foreign books in the early 18th century, and a limited number of painters, notably Satake Shozan, Hiraga Gennai and Shiba Kōkan, turned their hand to oil painting. But the category of Yōga was not established until after the full-scale opening of Japan to the outside world in the mid-19th century. In 1856 the Shogun founded a bureau for research into Western studies, including art (the Bansho Shirabesho). One of its students, Takahashi Yuichi (1828–1894), later became a pioneer of Yōga.

scholarly journals Gdańskie odznaki żebracze (XVI–XVIII w.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Tomasz Maćkowski
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Poor ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

Beggar badges of Gdańsk In Gdańsk of the 16th century, due to the failure of medieval forms of aiding the poor based on Church institutions, the growing number of people seeking support in a port town which was quickly getting rich and under the influence of ideas spread by Martin Luther, the policy concerning beggars and people seeking aid changed. It was demonstrated by passing the first beggar ordinance in 1525, which introduced the supervision of the city council over the system of social welfare based on the existing hospitals in town. Special badges with the crest of Gdańsk had been known since the middle of the 16th century, which entitled their wearers to beg in the vicinity of the city as well as to receive aid from public funds. Those artefacts were cast from lead and apart from the crest also had a depiction of a beggar and a date specifying the annual validity of the symbol. They would most often be sawn to clothes or worn around the neck. There are four beggar categories known to us: 1) for the inhabitants of Gdańsk unfit for work and their children thus entitled to basic education; 2) badges for the poorest group of citizens having trouble making a living, which included their personal data and address; 3) badges for city visitors who needed aid and had not been admitted to hospitals, which entitled them to beg temporarily; 4) badges for the patients of the City Hospital (the Lazaret), which since the 17th century had become the main centre of medical care for the poorest. Artefacts registering those entitled to permanent or temporary hospital care are known dating even from the middle of the 18th century. With the popularisation of written documentation in the hospital, at the end of the 18th century artefacts of that kind became obsolete.

scholarly journals The wooden architectural complex of the city and royal residence of the John III Sobieski in Kukizów

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 059-082
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
European Architecture

The palace in Kukizów of King of Poland John III Sobieski is known only to a narrow group of architecture and art historians. The palace and park complex ceased to exist in the 19th century. The architecture of the palace is known especially from the descriptions in the inventory documents from the early 18th century. Although the authorship of the palace design belongs to the well-known artists of the era – Augustyn Wincenty Locci and Piotr Beber, its architecture has not yet been reconstructed. A specific feature of the royal residence in Kukizów was the construction of royal buildings and town buildings in a wooden material. The intention to create a city complex and an entirely wooden residence was a unique experiment in the field of European architecture and urban planning of the 17th century. In the paper we present the results of our research on the architecture of the palace and town for the end of the 17th century.

scholarly journals Documentary Evidence for the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Location of the Adaes Indians

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl Pleasant
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Red River ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The location of the habitation sites of the Adaes Indians has not been thoroughly investigated by archaeologists and historians. Most researchers have placed Adaes habitation sites in the general vicinity of Los Adaes simply because the presidio and mission were named after the Adaes Indians. This paper will focus on historical documentation to provide a better understanding of the location of the habitation sites of the Adaes Indians during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The earliest accounts presented are narratives of travels along the Red River in the early 18th century. While they unfortunately have no definitive geographical data such as plat maps or land claims, they still provide relational information which can be interpreted along with the more precise geographical documentation of the latter 18th century. All of the late 18th and early 19th century documents reviewed for this paper are primary sources such as conveyances, successions and land claims. The evidence presented in this paper will reveal that the “homeland” of the Adaes was in southern Desoto Parish, Louisiana and extreme northern Natchitoches Parish. This area is approximately twenty miles north of Los Adaes, which agrees with the Spanish documents and with John Sibley’s location of the Adaes. Archaeologically, there is an abundant sample of historic sites that date to the 18th and 19th centuries in that region. These appear as pure aboriginal sites or mixtures of aboriginal and European components.

scholarly journals Family structure of the Kashirian nobility in the early 18th century (in comparison with lists of service men and scribal books of the second half of the 16th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Chernikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the patrimonial structure of the Kashira nobility in the second half of the 16th — beginning of the 18th century. As the analysis shows, the openness of Kashira district for Moscow nobility, the growth of landed property of the ruling elite and active land holdings mobilization didn’t prevent to strengthening of the positions of the "native" Kashira families. Kashirian nobles, who had risen to the Moscow ranks, could acquire estates in other district, but, nevertheless, retained strong ties with their «native» region. Even in the early 18th century two thirds of estates and serfs in Kashira district belonged to the families, which had property there already in the second half of the 16th century.

Seismic Vulnerability of the Dey’s Palace (Algiers, Algeria)

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 789-794
Author(s):  
Amina Abdessemed-Foufa ◽  
Hayet Bendjedia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Defensive Structure ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
The City

The Palace of the Dey at Algiers is located inside the Citadel of Algiers which was built in the 16th century (1516) by ‘Arrudj (Barbarous). The citadel is located at the higher part of the city and was the first military building at that time. The citadel was the janissary barracks and initially contained a powder keg, a walk, Janissaries residence places and their mosque. Starting from the 18th century appear new constructive strata. In 1716 some part of this military edifice was destroyed by an earthquake. In 1783 the Spanish bombarded Algiers and a bomb fell into the first storey of the palace. The architectural transformations took place in 1817 when the Dey ‘Ali Khūdja lived at the janissary’s barracks. Thereafter and during 12 years several buildings were added to this whole defensive structure as the second and the third floors of the palace, the Dey’s mosque, the bath, the Bey’s palace and the winter garden. During the French colonization, the palace undergoes other transformations as the destruction of most of the rampart of the city contiguous to the palace which caused its instability and which until today accentuates its vulnerability. The lack of maintains, the abandonment and the bad restoration which took place during the 20th century increased this vulnerability. This work based on a visual screening will present the various aspects of vulnerability due to static weaknesses of the angles and absence of wind-bracing of this palace.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document