scholarly journals An Integrated System for Enteric Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Soto ◽  
Quyen Phan ◽  
Meghan Maloney ◽  
Jessica Brockmeyer ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Surveillance And Response

In Connecticut, foodborne disease surveillance and response is a collaborative effort requiring real-time data sharing between key stakeholders including: DPH Epidemiology, DPH Laboratory, DPH Food Protection Program, Yale EIP, and local health department staff. Since 2011 a centralized electronic surveillance system has been used for routine enteric disease surveillance, cluster detection and monitioring, information sharing among key stakeholders, and documentation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the core and support functions of the integrated disease surveillance and response system in Zanzibar, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Saleh ◽  
Jovin Kitau ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Karin L. Schiøler
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract Background Disease surveillance is a cornerstone of outbreak detection and control. Evaluation of a disease surveillance system is important to ensure its performance over time. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the core and support functions of the Zanzibar integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) system to determine its capacity for early detection of and response to infectious disease outbreaks. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 10 districts of Zanzibar and 45 public and private health facilities. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data. This included document review, observations and interviews with surveillance personnel using a modified World Health Organization generic questionnaire for assessing national disease surveillance systems. Results The performance of the IDSR system in Zanzibar was suboptimal particularly with respect to early detection of epidemics. Weak laboratory capacity at all levels greatly hampered detection and confirmation of cases and outbreaks. None of the health facilities or laboratories could confirm all priority infectious diseases outlined in the Zanzibar IDSR guidelines. Data reporting was weakest at facility level, while data analysis was inadequate at all levels (facility, district and national). The performance of epidemic preparedness and response was generally unsatisfactory despite availability of rapid response teams and budget lines for epidemics in each district. The support functions (supervision, training, laboratory, communication and coordination, human resources, logistic support) were inadequate particularly at the facility level. Conclusions The IDSR system in Zanzibar is weak and inadequate for early detection and response to infectious disease epidemics. The performance of both core and support functions are hampered by several factors including inadequate human and material resources as well as lack of motivation for IDSR implementation within the healthcare delivery system. In the face of emerging epidemics, strengthening of the IDSR system, including allocation of adequate resources, should be a priority in order to safeguard human health and economic stability across the archipelago of Zanzibar.

scholarly journals Local Health Department Food Safety and Sanitation Expenditures and Reductions in Enteric Disease, 2000–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (S2) ◽  
pp. S345-S352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Bekemeier ◽  
Michelle Pui-Yan Yip ◽  
Matthew D. Dunbar ◽  
Greg Whitman ◽  
Tao Kwan-Gett
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Enteric Disease

scholarly journals Timeliness of Enteric Disease Surveillance in 6 US States

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Hedberg ◽  
Jesse F. Greenblatt ◽  
Bela T. Matyas ◽  
Jennifer Lemmings ◽  
Donald J. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Us States

scholarly journals A Real-Time Weed Mapping and Precision Herbicide Spraying System for Row Crops

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Xu ◽  
Zongmei Gao ◽  
Lav Khot ◽  
Xiaotian Meng ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Weed Detection ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Weed Mapping

This study developed and field tested an automated weed mapping and variable-rate herbicide spraying (VRHS) system for row crops. Weed detection was performed through a machine vision sub-system that used a custom threshold segmentation method, an improved particle swarm optimum (IPSO) algorithm, capable of segmenting the field images. The VRHS system also used a lateral histogram-based algorithm for fast extraction of weed maps. This was the basis for determining real-time herbicide application rates. The central processor of the VRHS system had high logic operation capacity, compared to the conventional controller-based systems. Custom developed monitoring system allowed real-time visualization of the spraying system functionalities. Integrated system performance was then evaluated through field experiments. The IPSO successfully segmented weeds within corn crop at seedling growth stage and reduced segmentation error rates to 0.1% from 7.1% of traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm. IPSO processing speed was 0.026 s/frame. The weed detection to chemical actuation response time of integrated system was 1.562 s. Overall, VRHS system met the real-time data processing and actuation requirements for its use in practical weed management applications.

scholarly journals A Web-Based Tool for Quantification of Potential Gains in Life Expectancy by Preventing Cause-Specific Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Chandran ◽  
Churong Xu ◽  
Jonathan Gross ◽  
Kathryn M. Leifheit ◽  
Darcy Phelan-Emrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Introduction: Local health departments are currently limited in their ability to use life expectancy (LE) as a benchmark for improving community health. In collaboration with the Baltimore City Health Department, our aim was to develop a web-based tool to estimate the potential lives saved and gains in LE in specific neighborhoods following interventions targeting achievable reductions in preventable deaths.Methods: The PROLONGER (ImPROved LONGEvity through Reductions in Cause-Specific Deaths) tool utilizes a novel Lives Saved Simulation model to estimate neighborhood-level potential change in LE after specified reduction in cause-specific mortality. This analysis uses 2012–2016 deaths in Baltimore City residents; a 20% reduction in heart disease mortality is shown as a case study.Results: According to PROLONGER, if heart disease deaths could be reduced by 20% in a given neighborhood in Baltimore City, there could be up to a 2.3-year increase in neighborhood LE. The neighborhoods with highest expected LE increase are not the same as those with highest heart disease mortality burden or lowest overall life expectancies.Discussion: PROLONGER is a practical resource for local health officials in prioritizing scarce resources to improve health outcomes. Focusing programs based on potential LE impact at the neighborhood level could lend new information for targeting of place-based public health interventions.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to COVID-19 screening at Jaipur International Airport, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mantri ◽  
Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
Akhil Dhanesh Goel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Department ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Travel History ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background:Airports pose a possible threat in facilitating global disease transmission within the community which may be prevented by rigorous systematic entry-exit screening. With the aim to capture the perception of stakeholders associated with COVID-19 on barriers and facilitators of airport screening at Jaipur International Airport. Also, to assess key outcomes viz. total passengers screened, suspected cases, & confirmed cases.Methods:An inductive-deductive mix-method thematic analysis was conducted to capture qualitative data of key stakeholders. Additionally, quantitative data was obtained from the Rajasthan Medical & Health Department team deployed for COVID-19 airport screening.Results:Jaipur International Airport screened 4565 passengers (Males=4073 and Females=492) with 23 suspected cases during an outlined period of declaration of Pandemic to Lockdown in India (11th to 24th March 2020). Total 65 passengers had travel history from China (3 from Wuhan). The mean average age of passengers was 40.95 ± 7.8 years. The average screening time per passenger was 2-3 minutes with a load of 25-90 passengers per team per flight. Fishbone analysis of screening challenges revealed poor cooperation of passengers, masking symptoms, apprehension, and stigma related to quarantine. Moreover, inadequate human resources and changing guidelines overburdened healthcare providers. But, perception of risk, and social responsibility of travelers together with supportive organization behavior act as facilitators. Overall, groundwork on airport screening was insightful to propose key action areas for screening.Conclusions:Globally, COVID-19 has an impact on health infrastructure and international travel. International coordination with streamlined screening will go a LONG way in virus containment.

scholarly journals Strengthening National Disease Surveillance and Response—Haiti, 2010–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Juin ◽  
Nicolas Schaad ◽  
Donald Lafontant ◽  
Gerard A. Joseph ◽  
Ezra Barzilay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance And Response
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