scholarly journals Timeliness of Enteric Disease Surveillance in 6 US States

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Hedberg ◽  
Jesse F. Greenblatt ◽  
Bela T. Matyas ◽  
Jennifer Lemmings ◽  
Donald J. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Us States

scholarly journals Evaluating the Timeliness of Enteric Disease Surveillance in British Columbia, Canada, 2012-13

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Galanis ◽  
Marsha Taylor ◽  
Kamila Romanowski ◽  
Olga Bitzikos ◽  
Jennifer Jeyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Laboratory Information Systems ◽  
And Control

Timely surveillance of enteric diseases is necessary to identify and control cases and outbreaks. Our objective was to evaluate the timeliness of enteric disease surveillance in British Columbia, Canada, compare these results to other settings, and recommend improvements. In 2012 and 2013, information was collected from case report forms and laboratory information systems on 2615Salmonella, shigatoxin-producingE. coli,Shigella, andListeriainfections. Twelve date variables representing the surveillance process from onset of symptoms to case interview and final laboratory results were collected, and intervals were measured. The median time from onset of symptoms to reporting subtyping results to BC epidemiologists was 26–36 days and from onset of symptoms to case interview was 12–14 days. Our findings were comparable to the international literature except for a longer time (up to 29 day difference) to reporting of PFGE results to epidemiologists in BC. Such a delay may impact our ability to identify and solve outbreaks. Several process and system changes were implemented which should improve the timeliness of enteric disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Streamlining Foodborne Disease Surveillance with Open-Source Data Management Software

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Judd ◽  
Karen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Data Validation ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Time Position

Objective: The “ledsmanageR”, a data management platform built in R, aims to improve the timeliness and accuracy of national foodborne surveillance data submitted to the Laboratory-based Enteric Disease Surveillance (LEDS) system by automating the data processing, validating, and reporting workflow.Introduction: The National Surveillance Team in the Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects electronic data from all state and regional public health laboratories on human infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Shigella in LEDS. These data inform annual estimates of the burden of illness, assessments of patterns in bacterial subtypes, and can be used to describe trends in incidence. Robust digital infrastructure is required to process, validate, and summarize data on approximately 60,000 infections annually while optimizing use of financial and personnel resources.Methods: We leveraged the robust and extensible programming facilities of the R programming language and the active community of R users to develop a data integration, processing, and reporting pipeline for LEDS via an internal software package we named “ledsmanageR”. We designed all data retrieval, cleaning, and provisioning algorithms using tools from RStudio software packages1–3 and tracked changes to source code and data using CDC’s internal Gitlab server. We automated data validation requests to reporting partners by generating customizable emails directly from the R console4. We streamlined the data reconciliation process using OpenRefine5, a point-and-click tool for cleaning big data. We automated generation of annual reports, a process that was previously manual, using parameterized RMarkdown documents. Staff epidemiologists performed design and implementation internally, requiring no external consulting.Results: Developing our free and open-source software platform for national foodborne surveillance data management has saved the Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch thousands of dollars because we no longer depend on proprietary software requiring annual licensing fees. This transition occurred without any disruption in surveillance operations. Partial automation of email-based data validation and annual report generation processes reduced employee time requirement from one full-time position to one part-time position. The modular nature of ledsmanageR permitted LEDS to collect an expanded set of data elements with no changes to the core data processing and reporting workflow.Conclusions: We developed and implemented a flexible tool that helps maintain the integrity of surveillance data and reduces the need for manual data cleaning, which can be laborious and error-prone. The user-friendly design features of ledsmanageR demonstrate that data management can be optimized using programming skills that are increasingly common among epidemiologists. Our work on improving the accuracy and efficiency of enteric disease surveillance has served as a proof of concept for plans to streamline data processing for other surveillance systems.

scholarly journals An Integrated System for Enteric Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Soto ◽  
Quyen Phan ◽  
Meghan Maloney ◽  
Jessica Brockmeyer ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Surveillance And Response

In Connecticut, foodborne disease surveillance and response is a collaborative effort requiring real-time data sharing between key stakeholders including: DPH Epidemiology, DPH Laboratory, DPH Food Protection Program, Yale EIP, and local health department staff. Since 2011 a centralized electronic surveillance system has been used for routine enteric disease surveillance, cluster detection and monitioring, information sharing among key stakeholders, and documentation.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Whole-Genome Sequencing for Enteric Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Besser ◽  
Heather A. Carleton ◽  
Eija Trees ◽  
Steven G. Stroika ◽  
Kelley Hise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Enteric Disease

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis provides a deeper understanding of the population structure of the Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B complex in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman ◽  
Alyce Taylor-Brown ◽  
Farhana Khanam ◽  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
Gal Horesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

The Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B complex causes a wide range of diseases, from gastroenteritis to paratyphoid fever, depending on the biotypes Java and sensu stricto. The burden of Paratyphi B biotypes in Bangladesh is still unknown, as these are indistinguishable by Salmonella serotyping. Here, we conducted the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study on 79 Salmonella isolates serotyped as Paratyphi B that were collected from 10 nationwide enteric disease surveillance sites in Bangladesh. Placing these in a global genetic context revealed that these are biotype Java, and the addition of these genomes expanded the previously described PG4 clade containing Bangladeshi and UK isolates. Importantly, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were scarce amongst Bangladeshi S. Java isolates, somewhat surprisingly given the widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription. This genomic information provides important insights into the significance of S. Paratyphi B biotypes in enteric disease and their implications for public health.

scholarly journals Enteric disease surveillance under the AFHSC-GEIS: Current efforts, landscape analysis and vision forward

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha N Money ◽  
Ryan C Maves ◽  
Peter Sebeny ◽  
Matthew R Kasper ◽  
Mark S Riddle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Enteric Disease

Scanning Microscopy of Human Intestinal Explants in Organ Culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Bruce Wetzel ◽  
Robert Buscho ◽  
Raphael Dolin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been reported that explants of human fetal intestine can be maintained in culture for up to 21 days in a viable condition and that these organ cultures support the growth of a variety of known viral agents responsible for enteric disease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been undertaken on several series of these explants to determine their appearance under routine culture conditions.Fresh specimens of jejunum obtained from normal human fetuses were washed, dissected into l-4mm pieces, and cultured in modified Leibowitz L-15 medium at 34° C as previously described. Serial specimens were fixed each day in 3% glutaraldehyde for 90 minutes at room temperature, rinsed, dehydrated, and dried by the CO2 critical point method in a Denton DCP-1 device. Specimens were attached to aluminum stubs with 3M transfer tape No. 465, and one sample on each stub was carefully rolled along the adhesive such that villi were broken off to expose their interiors.

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