scholarly journals Judeofilia en la cuentítisca medieval: anonimato del judío en El Conde Lucanor

De Medio Aevo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
David Dominguez Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
De Re ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Conde Lucanor

El siguiente artículo examina la representación del colectivo judío en la obra El Conde Lucanor de Juan Manuel (1282-1348). Este grupo religioso se proyecta implícitamente y desde el anonimato en varios exempla analizados, solo reconocible por las profesiones que desempeñan y a las que el folclore europeo les atribuía como propias: físicos, prestamistas, alquimistas y nigromantes. Tomando como modelo los mecanismos de interacción de grupos de re-fencing [reclausura] (Allport 1954) y de extended contact hypothesis [hipótesis del contacto extendido] (Wright 1997), analizaré las técnicas literarias empleadas por Juan Manuel a la hora de trazar positivamente estas ocupaciones “judías” y el silencio de la afiliación religiosa de sus protagonistas como un recurso para minimizar el creciente sentimiento popular de animosidad contra este colectivo.

Interdependence in Mediated Intergroup Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Emily Moyer-Gusé
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
The Self ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ingroup Identity Model ◽  
Common Ingroup Identity ◽  
Ingroup Identity

Abstract. Mediated intergroup contact and extended contact hypothesis research shows that observing a positive intergroup interaction can result in improved attitudes toward the outgroup. This experiment tested the common ingroup identity model and how the creation of a superordinate identity among characters in a television narrative influences viewers’ willingness to interact with outgroup members and attitudes toward the outgroup. Results reveal that self-efficacy, anxiety, and inclusion of the outgroup in the self mediated the relationship between exposure to narratives featuring intergroup interdependence and both positive attitudes toward and greater willingness to interact with the outgroup. That is, participants who watched a narrative featuring high levels of intergroup teamwork reported increased feelings of self-efficacy when considering future outgroup interactions, which was associated with lower levels of outgroup anxiety. Lower levels of anxiety were then associated with increased inclusion of the outgroup in the self, which was ultimately associated with more positive attitudes toward and greater willingness to interact with the outgroup. These results suggest that, even when comparing the effects of two narratives that portray an identical, positive outcome, positive effects on attitudes toward and willingness to interact with outgroup members are stronger when ingroup and outgroup members display interdependence. This research represents a step toward understanding the ways that the common ingroup identity model might help explain the extended contact hypothesis and the mechanisms by which narratives can affect attitudes toward and willingness to interact with outgroup members.

Collateral damage for ingroup members having outgroup friends: Effects of normative versus counternormative interactions with an outgroup

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Eller ◽  
Angel Gomez ◽  
Alexandra Vázquez ◽  
Saulo Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Intergroup Interaction ◽  
Black Sheep ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Positive Contact

When people are aware that an ingroup member has an outgroup friend, they tend to improve their intergroup attitudes, which is known as the extended contact hypothesis. Thus far, no research has tested how the perceived degree of normativity of the intergroup interaction affects the evaluation of the ingroup member through which extended contact is experienced. Results of three studies showed that when contact was normative (i.e., positive contact with a liked outgroup, or negative contact with a disliked outgroup), the ingroup member was evaluated positively, while when the contact was counternormative (i.e., negative contact with a liked outgroup or positive contact with a disliked outgroup) the ingroup member was evaluated negatively. This effect was mediated by perceived threat posed by the ingroup member who experiences the intergroup contact and perceived similarity of the participant with the ingroup member (Experiments 2–3). In summary, the perceived normativity of the extended contact affects the perception of the ingroup member who experiences the contact, turning him/her into a “white” or a “black” sheep in the eyes of the ingroup.

The Extended Contact Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis on 20 Years of Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Zhou ◽  
Elizabeth Page-Gould ◽  
Arthur Aron ◽  
Anne Moyer ◽  
Miles Hewstone
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Group Members

According to the extended contact hypothesis, knowing that in-group members have cross-group friends improves attitudes toward this out-group. This meta-analysis covers the 20 years of research that currently exists on the extended contact hypothesis, and consists of 248 effect sizes from 115 studies. The aggregate relationship between extended contact and intergroup attitudes was r = .25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.22, .27], which reduced to r = .17, 95% CI = [.14, .19] after removing direct friendship’s contribution; these results suggest that extended contact’s hypothesized relationship to intergroup attitudes is small-to-medium and exists independently of direct friendship. This relationship was larger when extended contact was perceived versus actual, highlighting the importance of perception in extended contact. Current results on extended contact mostly resembled their direct friendship counterparts, suggesting similarity between these contact types. These unique insights about extended contact and its relationship with direct friendship should enrich and spur growth within this literature.

scholarly journals Indirect contact in social networks: Challenging common interpretations of the extended contact hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-461
Author(s):  
Tobias H. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Black People ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
Nonprobability Sample

According to the extended contact hypothesis, direct intergroup contact is not necessary for prejudice reduction; it suffices to know that ingroup friends have outgroup friends. However, extended contact is typically measured in a way that does not clarify whether people know the outgroup friend of their ingroup friend or whether they are even direct friends. A social network approach is used to compare extended contact when ingroup friends’ outgroup friends are not direct friends (open triads) to when there is a direct friendship with some (mixed triads) or all of the ingroup friends’ outgroup friends (closed triads). Results from a nonprobability sample in the US predicting feelings toward Black people ( N = 313) and from a representative sample in the Netherlands predicting attitudes toward immigrants ( N = 818) show that extended contact reduces prejudice only when some of the outgroup friends of one’s ingroup friends are known. This suggests that the extended contact effect should not be interpreted as providing a solution for situations where direct contact with outgroup members is not possible.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Role of the exosporial membrane in attachment and germination of C. sporogenes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
B.J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
G.T. Tortora ◽  
J.B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Cold Pressure

Some bacteria are capable of forming highly resistant spores when environmental conditions are not adequate for growth. Depending on the genus and species of the bacterium, these endospores are resistant in varying degrees to heat, cold, pressure, enzymatic degradation, ionizing radiation, chemical sterilants,physical trauma and organic solvents. The genus Clostridium, responsible for botulism poisoning, tetanus, gas gangrene and diarrhea in man, produces endospores which are highly resistant. Although some sporocides can kill Clostridial spores, the spores require extended contact with a sporocidal agent to achieve spore death. In most clinical situations, this extended period of treatment is not possible nor practical. This investigation examines Clostridium sporogenes endospores by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy under various dormant and growth conditions, cataloging each stage in the germination and outgrowth process, and analyzing the role played by the exosporial membrane in the attachment and germination of the spore.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

Specifying the Contact Hypothesis in a Minority-Minority Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Katriina Ihalainen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Basic Tenet

This survey study focused on the attitudes of Russian-speaking minority youth (N = 132) toward other immigrant groups living in Finland. Along with testing the basic tenet of the contact hypothesis in a minority-minority context, the mediating effect of intergroup anxiety and the moderating effect of perceived social norms on the contact-attitude association were specified by taking into account the identity processes involved in intergroup interactions. The results indicated, first, that the experience of intergroup anxiety evoked by a negative intergroup encounter was reflected in negative outgroup attitudes only among the weakly identified. Second, negative contact experiences of minority adolescents were found not to be reflected in negative attitudes when their ethnic identification was attenuated, and when they perceived positive norms regarding intergroup attitudes.

Extended contact through film: Reducing prejudice against gay men

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Organ ◽  
Andreana Kenrick ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Extended Contact
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