scholarly journals Historical Chinese Microdata. 40 Years of Dataset Construction by the Lee-Campbell Research Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Campbell ◽  
James Lee
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Data Discovery ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Household Organization ◽  
Family And Household ◽  
History Of ◽  
Demographic Behaviour ◽  
First Time

The Lee-Campbell Group has spent forty years constructing and analysing individual-level datasets based largely on Chinese archival materials to produce a scholarship of discovery. Initially, we constructed datasets for the study of Chinese demographic behaviour, households, kin networks, and socioeconomic attainment. More recently, we have turned to the construction and analysis of datasets on civil and military officials and other educational and professional elites, especially their social origins and their careers. As of July 2020, the datasets include nominative information on the behaviour and life outcomes of approximately two million individuals. This article is a retrospective on the construction of these datasets and a summary of their findings. This is the first time we have presented all our projects together and discussed them and the results of our analysis as a single integrated whole. We begin by summarizing the contents, organization, and notable features of each dataset and provide an integrated history of our data construction, starting in 1979 up to the present. We then summarize the most important results from our research on demographic behaviour, family, and household organization, and more recently inequality and stratification. We conclude with a reflection on the importance of data discovery, flexibility, interaction and collaboration to the success of our efforts.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE PEOPLES OF TURKESTAN IN THE PAGES OF THE TURKESTAN COLLECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zhunusbaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
National Character ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family And Household ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

In this article, the author, using widely the materials of the multivolume essay "Turkestan Collection" stored in a single copy in the city of Tashkent, could in a detailed plan provide a real historical picture of the past, activities, household, culture and life, family and household characteristics, national character , morals and spiritual and moral values, and ideals of nomadic Kazakhs. The works of N.M. Przhevalsky, I.V. Mushketov, travel notes by P.P. Semenov and N.A. Severtsov – researchers of the Tien Shan, the works of N.A. Maev on the Turkestan Territory, and others were published. At the same time in periodicals many articles have appeared, often for the first time touching upon and covering political and economic issues, history, ethnography and culture of Central Asia

scholarly journals Households Headed by Women: Income, Employment and Household Organization

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Kazi ◽  
Bilquees Raza
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Household Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
First Time

The poverty of households headed by women has emerged as an important development issue in the recent past. Evidence from many developing countries, specially in Latin America and Africa, has underlined the economic vulnerability of this group and predicted an increasing incidence of female•headed households in developing societies [Buvinic and Youssef (1978); Kossaudji and Mueller (1983); Merrick and Schmink (1983)]. Among Asian countries sample surveys have revealed a significant proportion of female-headed households in Sri Lanka, Malaysia and some states in India (Visaria 1980). In the context of Pakistan, research in this area is virtually non-existent. Although the questionnaires of the various censuses do provide information on sex and other characteristics of household heads, this data are not available in tabulated form in any of the census reports. However, a recent survey of 1000 women in Karachi conducted in 1987 makes it possible for the first time to investigate, in detail, the characteristics of female-headed households. The sample of 680 working women and 320 non-working women covered a whole range of social and income classes. Among the 680 working women was included the sub-sample of 100 female heads of households. Combined information was collected on women and their households through a fairly lengthy questionnaire: the interview schedule comprised questions on earnings, ethnic affiliations, education, age, sex, and occupation of all household members, division of domestic responsibilities in the household and employment history of individual women.

Abstract 69: Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with use of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs among Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction - A Nationwide Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schjerning Olsen ◽  
Emil L Fosbøl ◽  
Jesper Lindhardsen ◽  
Charlotte Andersson ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽  
First Time

Background: Use of NSAID has shown to be associated with a substantially increased risk of athero-thrombotic adverse events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Whether a similar increase in risk is found for VTE is unknown. Methods: Patients aged >30 years admitted with first-time MI during 1997-2009 and their subsequent NSAID use were identified by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalization and drug dispensing from pharmacies in Denmark. The risk of VTE associated with NSAID use was analyzed by time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, gender, calendar year, concomitant drug use, and comorbidity. Results A total of 98,901 patients were included (mean age 68 years (SD 13.0), 64.0% men), 44.0% received NSAIDs during follow-up. There were 1847 VTEs. Relative to no NSAID use, the Cox-analyses showed increased risk of VTE with use of any NSAIDs. Overall NSAID use was associated with increased risk of VTE (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.75 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-2.02). In particular use of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors rofecoxib and the nonselective NSAID diclofenac was associated with significantly increased risk of VTE (HR 2.56 (CI 1.60-4.08) and HR 2.03(CI.1.50-2.74), respectively). Conclusion: Use of most NSAIDs was associated with an increased risk of VTE. The use of rofecoxib and diclofenac was associated with highest risk. Further studies, preferably randomized clinical studies, are warranted to establish the cardiovascular safety of NSAIDs, however this study suggests that risk of VTE should be considered when prescribing NSAIDs patients with MI.

Group Experiences and Individual Differences in Stuttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults Who Stutter

Purpose This study explored group experiences and individual differences in the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings perceived by adults who stutter. Respondents' goals when speaking and prior participation in self-help/support groups were used to predict individual differences in reported behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Method In this study, 502 adults who stutter completed a survey examining their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in and around moments of stuttering. Data were analyzed to determine distributions of group and individual experiences. Results Speakers reported experiencing a wide range of both overt behaviors (e.g., repetitions) and covert behaviors (e.g., remaining silent, choosing not to speak). Having the goal of not stuttering when speaking was significantly associated with more covert behaviors and more negative cognitive and affective states, whereas a history of self-help/support group participation was significantly associated with a decreased probability of these behaviors and states. Conclusion Data from this survey suggest that participating in self-help/support groups and having a goal of communicating freely (as opposed to trying not to stutter) are associated with less negative life outcomes due to stuttering. Results further indicate that the behaviors, thoughts, and experiences most commonly reported by speakers may not be those that are most readily observed by listeners.

Evidence of a predation event on a tagged Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone; Pisces, Istiophoridae), inferred from pop-up satellite tagging data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Danilo Malara ◽  
Pietro Battaglia ◽  
Pierpaolo Consoli ◽  
Erika Arcadi ◽  
Simonepietro Canese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Pelagic Species ◽  
Archival Tag ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Predation Event ◽  
Satellite Tagging ◽  
First Time

The Strait of Messina is located at the centre of the Mediterranean Sea and is considered a biodiversity hotspot and an obligatory seasonal passage for different pelagic species such as sharks, marine mammals, and billfishes. For the first time, in the Strait of Messina, our research group tagged a Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone) using a pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT). The observation of abiotic parameters (depth, light, and temperature) recorded by the PSAT confirmed that the tagged specimen was predated after about nine hours. The tag was then regurgitated 14 days after the tag deployment date. The analysis of collected data seems to indicate that the predator may be an ectothermic shark, most likely the bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus).

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Digging the history. Absolute chronology of the settlement complex at Czermno-Cherven’ (eastern Poland). Research status and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Marcin Wołoszyn ◽  
Iwona Florkiewicz ◽  
Radosław Dobrowolski ◽  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radiocarbon Datings

The article discusses the results of the latest interdisciplinary research of Czermno stronghold and its immediate surroundings. The site is mentioned in chroniclers’ entries referring to the stronghold Cherven’ (Tale of Bygone Years, first mention under the year 981) and the so-called Cherven’ Towns. Given the scarcity of written records regarding the history of today’s Eastern Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus in the 10th and 11th centuries, recent archaeological research, supported by geoenvironmental analyses and absolute dating, brought a significant qualitative change. In 2014 and 2015, the remains of the oldest rampart of the stronghold were uncovered for the first time. A series of radiocarbon datings allows us to refer the erection of the stronghold to the second half/late 10th century. The results of several years’ interdisciplinary research (2012-2020) introduce qualitatively new data to the issue of the Cherven’ Towns, which both change current considerations and confirm the extraordinary research potential in the archeology of the discussed region.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

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