scholarly journals Disputed Past: The Friendship and Competing Memories of Anna Lesznai and Emma Ritoók

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Judith Szapor
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Women Intellectuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Official Ideology ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is part of a larger research project that explores the contributions of women intellectuals to the nationalistic, anti-liberal rhetoric of the early 1920s and the gendered aspect of the official ideology of the Horthy-era. The paper probes the connection of the personal and the political by exploring the shared history and competing memories of two woman writers, Anna Lesznai (1885-1966) and Emma Ritoók (1868-1945). The writers were friends and founding members of the Sunday Circle in 1915 but ended up in opposite camps during the 1918-19 revolutions. Ritoók, with Cécile Tormay, became a champion of the counter-revolution, contributing to its anti-Semitic ideology and rhetoric. Lesznai, the wife of Oszkár Jászi and a supporter of the Republic of Councils, was forced to flee and she spent the rest of her life in exile. Their diaries and autobiographical novels reflect the two writers’ diagonally opposing perspectives on their past and their shared intellectual and spiritual home, the Sunday Circle. The juxtaposition of their respective biographies and literary works offers insight into the process of re-interpreting and re-writing the past, whether for personal or political ends. It also illustrates the broader contours and irreparable breach between the Left and the nationalistic Right in Hungarian political and intellectual life after 1919.

Pax and the Politics of Peace

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Roman Imperialism ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

This book examines the two generations that spanned the collapse of the Republic and the Augustan period to understand how the concept of pax Romana, as a central ideology of Roman imperialism, evolved. The author argues for the integral nature of pax in understanding the changing dynamics of the Roman state through civil war to the creation of a new political system and world-rule. The period of the late Republic to the early Principate involved changes in the notion of imperialism. This is the story of how peace acquired a central role within imperial discourse over the course of the collapse of the Republican framework to become deployed in the legitimization of the Augustan regime. It is an examination of the movement from the debates over the content of the concept, in the dying Republic, to the creation of an authorized version controlled by the princeps, through an examination of a series of conceptions about peace, culminating with the pax augusta as the first crystallization of an imperial concept of peace. Just as there existed not one but a series of ideas concerning Roman imperialism, so too were there numerous different meanings, applications, and contexts within which Romans talked about ‘peace’. Examining these different nuances allows us insight into the ways they understood power dynamics, and how these were contingent on the political structures of the day. Roman discourses on peace were part of the wider discussion on the way in which Rome conceptualized her Empire and ideas of imperialism.

The Fatally Flawed Leadership of Donald J. Trump

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
David Koukal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Good Cause ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past two years, several political commentators have drawn on Plato’s Republic to shed light on our last presidential election. Many of these authors emphasize the features of democracy that make it especially susceptible to demagoguery, which heralds the arrival of tyranny, and then go on to relate this to Donald Trump’s political ascension. The problem with these analyses is that they tend to unquestioningly adopt Plato’s pessimistic view of democracy. While Plato’s criticisms do have the virtue of making us aware of democracy’s weaknesses, we would argue that our present political circumstances did not issue from these flaws. This makes these criticisms irrelevant. Other commentators come closer to the mark when they talk about Plato’s passages addressing the person of the tyrant in Book IX, but what is lacking in these accounts is a context that more fully explains why the tyrant is what he is, in Platonic terms. In this essay we argue that other parts of the Republic, particularly Book IV, can tell us much more about Trump and his presidency. This part of the dialogue deals with Plato’s conception of human nature, which he presents in his discussion of the soul or psyche [ψυχή]. An examination of these passages will grant us insight into the Trump’s actions and utterances and show that the president is not only intellectually but also temperamentally unqualified for his office, which should give citizens good cause for worry.

scholarly journals Prosecuting the Offence of Misappropriation of Public Funds: An Insight into Cameroon's Special Criminal Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Avitus Agbor
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

The fight against the misappropriation of public funds for private gain perpetrated by individuals, especially public servants, enjoys different degrees of commitment by different countries. The enactment of laws and establishment of institutional mechanisms towards this end are partly a reflection of the attainment of such mission and can also be the measure by which such a commitment can be assessed. Rated as one of the most corrupt countries in Africa by the global anti-corruption watchdog, Transparency International, the Republic of Cameroon recently enacted a law that created a Special Criminal Court. This comes as one of the most robust and significant legislative developments in the fight against misappropriation of public funds as its mandate is to bring to justice persons who cause loss of at least 50.000.000 CFA Francs [equivalent to about USD 100.000] relating to misappropriation of public funds and other related offences provided for in the Cameroon Penal Code and International Conventions ratified by Cameroon.’ This paper examines the offence of misappropriation of public funds, and looks at aspects of the Special Criminal Court as provided by the Law that established it as well as supplementary legislation enacted to address specific issues related to the Special Criminal Court as well as the offence for which individuals are prosecuted. As a bold step in fighting and defeating the ‘invisible enemy amongst us’ (that is, corruption), this paper argues that with such an institutional mechanism that has docked numerous top-notch politicians and former cabinet members for trial, it becomes an example to emulate and confirms that corruption can be fought if, and only when, the political will to do so is present. 

The Senate, the courts, and theSC de Cn. Pisone patre

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Judicial Role

The origins and nature of the judicial role of the senate in cases which under the republic were the business of the permanentquaestioneshave been the subject of long debate, and a satisfactory explanation has yet to be found for the change that had undoubtedly taken place by the reign of Tiberius. The discovery and publication of the senatorial decree which concluded the investigation into the charge brought in A.D. 20 against Cn. Piso following the murder of Germanicus,2 in addition to the wealth of new material it provides for the political history of the period and the understanding of the methods of the historian Tacitus, allows an insight into the relation of the senate to thequaestio maiestatiswhich may prove useful in unravelling some of the puzzles which have troubled scholars hitherto.

Tacitus's Dangerous Word

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Public Affairs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Empty Site ◽  
Political Unconscious ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe fact that vocabulum appears with far more frequency in Tacitus' texts than in any other author except for the encyclopaedists argues for his idiosyncratic usage of the term. This article argues that imperial discourse, nearly identical in structure and expression to that of the Republic but divorced from Republican connotations, provided an empty site where Roman fantasies of self-definition took strong hold, and that Tacitus uses vocabulum to indicate words and concepts that illustrate this process, particularly with reference to representations of the foreign and the past. Such a discourse was congenial for the concentration of power in the hands of one person, as it no longer expressed the conflicting desires of a community engaged in public affairs, but collectivized the public desire for an image of Roman superiority. Thus Germany and the old Republican past were easily mythologized as what Rome desired to be, but feared it was not. Tacitus' use of vocabulum highlights the words in imperial discourse that betray the gap in the political unconscious between Romans' idea of themselves as masters of the Empire and as slaves to one ruler. Nor does he position himself as an outside observer of this process, but creates an experience of it for the reader through gaps and inconsistencies within his narrative.

scholarly journals «Немецкая Казань»: имагологический анализ художественных произведений Гузель Яхиной

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Michael Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
The City

German Kazan”: Imagological Analysis of Guzel Yakhina’s Literary Works| The capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is a multicultural city. It is a combination of “Russian,” “Tatar” and, not least, “German elements”. The writer Guzel Yakhina has repeatedly addressed this cultural diversity in her literary works. In them a native of Kazan explores the past and present of the city. Excellent knowledge of German language and culture allows her to study in detail the “German trace” in the history of the capital of Tatarstan to determine its status. The article offers a brief imagological analysis of the images of “German Kazan” presented in the novel Zuleikha and the essay Garden on the Border, or the Garden “Russian Switzerland”. The imagological study conducted at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels shows that in Yakhina’s literary works the images of “German Kazan” are equivalent to the images of “Russian Kazan” or “Tatar Kazan.” The “German elements” are firmly rooted inthe texture of the city and have been an integral part of its cultural code for several centuries. At the same time, following the novel and the essay, they do not have the status of an exotic “foreign,” but a familiar “other.” „Niemiecki Kazań”: imagologiczna analiza utworów Guzel Jachiny Stolica Republiki Tatarstanu to miasto wielokulturowe. To połączenie „rosyjskiego”, „tatarskiego” i, co nie mniej ważne, „niemieckiego” pierwiastka. Pisarka Guzel Jachina wielokrotnie odnosiła się do tej różnorodności kulturowej w swoich tekstach literackich. Rdzenny mieszkaniec Kazania odkrywa w nich przeszłość i teraźniejszość miasta. Doskonała znajomość języka i kultury niemieckiej pozwala autorce na szczegółowe zbadanie „niemieckiego śladu” w historii stolicy Tatarstanu w celu określenia jego statusu. Artykuł zawiera krótką analizę imagologiczną obrazów „niemieckiego Kazania”, przedstawionych w powieści Zulejkaotwiera oczy i eseju Ogród na granicy, czyli Ogród „Rosyjska Szwajcaria”. Badania imago-logiczne, przeprowadzone na poziomach makro-, mezo- i mikro-, pokazują, że w dziełach literackich Jachiny obrazy „niemieckiego Kazania” są równoważne obrazom „rosyjskiego Kazania” czy „tatarskiego Kazania”. „Elementy niemieckie” są mocno zakorzenione w strukturze miasta i od kilku stuleci stanowią integralną część jego kodu kulturowego. Jednocześnie, w powieści i eseju, nie mają one statusu egzotycznego Obcego, ale znajomego Innego.

scholarly journals Jibal Nuba: traditions of the past and difficulties of the new stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Igor V. Gerasimov ◽  
◽  
Daniil A. Alferov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the tribal groups inhabiting the Jibal Nuba region in Kordofan, the history of the spread of Islam in the region, the evolution of relations between local and Arab tribes and the current state of relations between the political forces of the Nuba and the authorities of the Republic of Sudan.

Translation and modification

FORUM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-273
Author(s):  
Jiayan Xiao ◽  
Guowen Huang
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Hong Lou Meng ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Both phonemic transliteration and semantic translation have been widely used in translating the names of characters in literary works. Nonetheless, discussion as to which of them is more appropriate continues. An investigation of the English translation of characters’ names in the Chinese classics Hong Lou Meng has suggested that either phonemic transliteration or semantic translation is reluctantly accompanied by some modification from the originals due to cultural and literary contextual constraints. Many of the past studies have reviewed the cultural context for explaining and considering the merits of each, though the literary angle has sometimes been disregarded. The case study of the translation by D. Hawkes has provided insight into that cultural context was not the only one that mediated the translation of names, instead the literary context acted in much the same way.

scholarly journals The ghosts of the past: 20 years after the fall of communism in Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rabikowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The Given ◽  
Similar Stage ◽  
Insight Into

Twenty years after the fall of communism in Europe, the post-Soviet countries have not achieved a similar stage of democratic development. They have shown to be too diverse and historically too independent to follow one path of consolidation. This volume questions the premises of transitology, homogeneity, and path dependency theories and suggests an insight into the continuities and discontinuities within particular contexts of the given countries (Russia, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Ukraine, Poland and others). The latter quite often collide with each other and with the Western democratic values, thus putting a concept of a harmonious dialogue or a definite democratic solution for Europe into doubt. This volume challenges one-directional analyses of both communism and capitalism and offers an examination of their inner contrasts and contradictions that are a part of transitions to democracy. The irreconcilable differences between the two systems of ideologies determined by universalisms, such as utilitarianism, liberalism, harmony, and productivity, were derived from the post-Enlightenment heritage of the humanist ideals which today cannot be acknowledged without criticism. To grasp the dynamics of the post-Soviet countries that are developing their own democratic models requires looking into their political struggles, social fissures and complexities within their past and present, rather than observing them from the epistemological standpoint. Such a standpoint is criticised in this volume for seeing those countries as locked in one homogenous totalitarian paradigm. The abstractness of the universalist and utopian concept of transition imposed on concrete social relations is criticised, while the theoriticisation of democratic ideals is related to the political legitimisation.

scholarly journals Symbolic Capital as a Brand Tool of Sociocultural Life (on the Material of the Northern Cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-612
Author(s):  
Irena Khokholova ◽  
Natalya Danilova ◽  
Marina Kysylbaikova ◽  
Kyunney Pestereva ◽  
Alina Vasileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
The Republic

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the symbolic capital of northern cities (semiotic potential) contained in "urban texts" and the influence of the historical memory of a multiethnic region on the political process of the region and the country as a whole, through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the symbolic space of cities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Methods. The study used the cognitive approach, the method of space-time analysis, and the method of historicism and questionnaire survey. Symbolic space as a text is a heterogeneous content. Results. The results of the study show the importance of a symbolic resource as a brand tool, first, depending on the political context and introduction into the collective memory through a constant "reminder" of its importance and significance in the socio-cultural and everyday life of citizens. The resulting databases of monuments served as the basis for compiling a virtual album of monuments and art objects in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results can practically be applied in the field of education, politics, culture, in the study and promotion of the cultural and historical heritage of the regions of Russia. Conclusions. The urgent problem is the task of preserving the accumulated experience and values, places of memory, relics of the past, as well as ideas about the past that are stored in the memory of its inhabitants and the transfer of this knowledge to the younger generation.

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