scholarly journals Modeling macropore seepage fluxes from soil water content time series by inversion of a dual permeability model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dalla Valle ◽  
Karin Potthast ◽  
Stefanie Meyer ◽  
Beate Michalzik ◽  
Anke Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Shallow Soils

Abstract. Dual permeability models are widely used to simulate water fluxes and solute transport in structured soils. However, so far obtaining necessary data for model calibration is a problem due to the large set of unconstrained parameters. Therefore, this study presents a simplified 1D dual permeability model whose structure is similar to the MACRO model together with a calibration scheme that allows constraining the parameters using time series of soil water content. The inversion scheme consists of four consecutive steps: First, the parameters of three different water retention functions were assessed using vertical soil water content profiles assuming hydraulic equilibrium. Second, the soil sorptivity and diffusivity functions were estimated from Boltzmann-transformed soil water content data of a drying period. Third, the parameters governing macropore flow were determined using the most dynamic part of the soil water content time series during the first 12 h after a precipitation event. The model was calibrated using data of artificial, homogeneous and shallow soils from mesocosms. The resulting retention functions predicted similar values as pedotransfer functions apart from for very dry conditions. The predicted soil water content time series were in good agreement with measurements at 5 and 12 cm soil depth. Predicted macropore seepage fluxes exhibited high uncertainty and differed between water retention functions, but average predictions were close to measurements for two of the three water retention functions. The study demonstrates the feasibility of calibrating a 1D dual permeability model with soil water content time series.

An empirical model for the evaluation of the degree of saturation of shallow soils in relation to rainfalls

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Valentino ◽  
Lorella Montrasio ◽  
Gian Luca Losi ◽  
Marco Bittelli
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Shallow Soils

The evaluation of shallow soils water content is very important in many fields, and different hydrological models are widely applied to simulate field-scale water flow and soil water content. The degree of saturation of a shallow soil is a time-varying variable, depending on different weather conditions. In many applications, it is useful to directly correlate the soil degree of saturation to time series of rainfall amount. This paper presents a simplified empirical model, which allows for computation of the soil degree of saturation using readily available climate data on air temperature and rainfall depths. The model is tested with in situ measurements of soil water content collected at three sites in the Emilia Romagna region in northern Italy. The experimental data are compared with the results obtained from the simplified model over an observation period of almost 5 years. The model has been used to generate soil water content time series at different depths and requires a separate calibration for each depth where the degree of saturation is computed. A discussion on the model’s calibration is also carried out to clarify the model sensitivity to the different parameters and the choice of input data.

scholarly journals SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-894
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽  
ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽  
ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽  
LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽  
PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Cassava Peel Mulch on Soil Water Content and Pineapple Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Ali Rahmat ◽  
Afandi ◽  
Tumiar K Manik ◽  
Priyo Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Cassava Peel

Irigasi pada tanaman nanas sangat penting karena mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi namun biayanya sangat mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh irigasi dan mulsa organik pada kadar air tanah dan pertumbuhan nanas. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan perlakuan faktorial (5 x 2) dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah panjang waktu irigasi (I), yang terdiri dari 5 waktu yaitu tanpa irigasi (I0), irigasi 1 bulan (I1), irigasi 2 bulan (I2), irigasi 3 bulan (I3), dan irigasi 4 bulan (I4). Faktor kedua adalah dosis kulit singkong (mulsa organik) terdiri dari 2 level 0 ton/ha (M0) dan 50 ton/ha (M1). Kadar air tanah diukur menggunakan Diviner 2000. Data kadar air tanah dianalisis dengan time series. Pertumbuhan tanaman dianalisis keragamannya dan diuji BNT pada taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kulit singkong 50 ton/ha pada umumnya hanya bertahan 2,5 bulan untuk mempertahankan kadar air. Mulsa kulit singkong lebih berperan ketika tanah mulai mengering. Pemberian mulsa kulit singkong berpengaruh terhadap tinggi dan berat basah tanaman sedangkan perlakuan, irigasi secara terpisah hanya berpengaruh terhadap berat basah tanaman. Interaksi antara irigasi dan kulit singkong berpengaruh terhadap berat basah tanaman. Meskipun kadar air tanah tersedia cukup saat memasuki musim hujan, namun tidak efektif dalam memulihkan keragaan tanaman nanas. Pemulihan terjadi setelah memasuk musim hujan dimana kadar air tanah tinggi.

scholarly journals Effects of different biomass materials as a salt-isolation layer on water and salt migration in coastal saline soil

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11766
Author(s):  
Mao Yang ◽  
Runya Yang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
Junna Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Salt Accumulation

The aim of this study was to find a material suited for the prevention of evaporative water loss and salt accumulation in coastal saline soils. One-dimensional vertical water infiltration and phreatic evaporation experiments were conducted using a silty loam saline soil. A 3-cm-thick layer of corn straw, biochar, and peat was buried at the soil depth of 20 cm, and a 6-cm-thick layer of peat was also buried at the same soil depth for comparison. The presence of the biochar layer increased the upper soil water content, but its ability to inhibit salt accumulation was poor, leading to a high salt concentration in the surface soil. The 3-cm-thick straw and 6-cm-thick peat layers were most effective to inhibit salt accumulation, which reduced the upper soil salt concentration by 96% and 93%, respectively. However, the straw layer strongly inhibited phreatic evaporation and resulted in low water content in the upper soil layer. Compared with the straw layer, the peat layer increased the upper soil water content. Thus, burying a 6-cm-thick peat layer in the coastal saline soil is the optimal strategy to retain water in the upper soil layer and intercept salt in the deeper soil layer.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Soil Water Conservation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5513-5520
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cultivated Plants

The conservation of water resources through their optimal use is a compulsory for countries with water shortages in the arid and semi-arid regions, and it should be in an environmentally friendly manner to avoid the serious consequences of the use of environmentally harmful substances, the implications of which are currently evident from climate change, pollution of water bodies, soils, etc. Since Egypt is one of those countries suffering from water scarcity and uses about 82.5 percent of its water consumption in agriculture, according to data of the Ministry of Irrigation in 2010, so this research is focusing on the use of new methods to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, to achieve high productivity of agricultural crops with less water use that will certainly help to alleviate or solve the water scarcity issue. The study used a physical based model, to simulate the methods used to increase sand soil properties to ensure larger water retention index. Within this work, soil have been sampled from different areas, to simulate the behavior of arid lands, under different water retention techniques. Soil was exposed to different techniques, as it was mixed with soil additives in different quantities and different types. Physical barriers of cohesive soil and polyethylene sheets were used in addition to studying the effect of mulch on water storage capacity in noncohesive soil. Water retention have been measured using the direct method of determination soil water content by oven drying and the volumetric water content (𝞱v ) with time graphs have been plotted in groups, as well as the cultivated plants have been monitored as to measure the influence on plants growing and irrigation efficiency. And the experiment showed that the use of rice straw (RS) and wheat straw (WS) in the powder condition have a significant effect in increasing in the soil water content and even to the plant growth, the WS obtained 𝞱v values approaching the loam soil at times and slightly less in the case of RS, when the percentage of RC and WS was 30% to the sandy soil volume/volume (v/v). Also the use of mulch of RS showed a noticeable increase in 𝞱v and significant improvement of plant growth to that without mulch. These proven technologies can be used in sandy land targeted for reclamation to reduce water use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Using an inverse modelling approach to evaluate the water retention in a simple water harvesting technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4265-4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Verbist ◽  
W. M. Cornelis ◽  
D. Gabriels ◽  
K. Alaerts ◽  
G. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Data Set

Abstract. In arid and semi-arid zones runoff harvesting techniques are often applied to increase the water retention and infiltration on steep slopes. Additionally, they act as an erosion control measure to reduce land degradation hazards. Nevertheless, few efforts were observed to quantify the water harvesting processes of these techniques and to evaluate their efficiency. In this study a combination of detailed field measurements and modelling with the HYDRUS-2D software package was used to visualize the effect of an infiltration trench on the soil water content of a bare slope in Northern Chile. Rainfall simulations were combined with high spatial and temporal resolution water content monitoring in order to construct a useful dataset for inverse modelling purposes. Initial estimates of model parameters were provided by detailed infiltration and soil water retention measurements. Four different measurement techniques were used to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) independently. Tension infiltrometer measurements proved a good estimator of the Ksat value and a proxy for those measured under simulated rainfall, whereas the pressure and constant head well infiltrometer measurements showed larger variability. Six different parameter optimization functions were tested as a combination of soil-water content, water retention and cumulative infiltration data. Infiltration data alone proved insufficient to obtain high model accuracy, due to large scatter on the data set, and water content data were needed to obtain optimized effective parameter sets with small confidence intervals. Correlation between observed soil water content and simulated values was as high as R2=0.93 for ten selected observation points used in the model calibration phase, with overall correlation for the 22 observation points equal to 0.85. Model results indicate that the infiltration trench has a significant effect on soil water storage, especially at the base of the trench.

scholarly journals Relationship between Very Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content in Pre- and Post-Harvest Areas of Two Coniferous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Moein Farahnak ◽  
Keiji Mitsuyasu ◽  
Takuo Hishi ◽  
Ayumi Katayama ◽  
Masaaki Chiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Tree root system development alters forest soil properties, and differences in root diameter frequency and root length per soil volume reflect differences in root system function. In this study, the relationship between vertical distribution of very fine root and soil water content was investigated in intact tree and cut tree areas. The vertical distribution of root density with different diameter classes (very fine <0.5 mm and fine 0.5–2.0 mm) and soil water content were examined along a slope with two coniferous tree species, Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. The root biomass and length density of very fine roots at soil depth of 0–5 cm were higher in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot than in the Cr. japonica intact plot. Tree cutting caused a reduction in the biomass and length of very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth, and an increment in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot one year after cutting. However, very fine root density of the Cr. japonica intact tree plot was quite low and the soil water content in post-harvest areas did not change. The increase in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot could be caused by the decrease in very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth. These results suggest that the distribution of soil water content was changed after tree cutting of Ch. obtusa by the channels generated by the decay of very fine roots. It was also shown that differences in root system characteristics among different tree species affect soil water properties after cutting.

Time series outlier and intervention analysis: Irrigation management influences on soil water content in silty loam soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Aljoumani ◽  
Jose A. Sànchez-Espigares ◽  
Nuria Cañameras ◽  
Ramon Josa ◽  
Joaquim Monserrat
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil
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