Geochemical significance and Formation of Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erdem Bakkalbasi ◽  
Hatice Nur Bayram ◽  
Mustafa Kumral ◽  
Ali Tugcan Unluer
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Geochemical Significance ◽  
Mvt Deposits ◽  
Marine Platform

<p><strong>Geochemical significance and Formation of  Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides</strong></p><p>Hatice Nur Bayram<sup>(1)*</sup>, Ali Erdem Bakkalbaşı <sup>(1)*</sup>, Mustafa Kumral<sup>(1)</sup>, Ali Tuğcan Ünlüer<sup>(1)</sup></p><p><sup>(1)</sup>Istanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul/Turkey</p><p>(*E-mail: [email protected])</p><p> </p><p>The Middle Tauride Orogenic Belt is a productive enviroment in terms of Pb-Zn ore deposits, mostly associated with Permian aged dolomitized, shallow marine platform type carbonate rocks. There have been many studies on the origin of the ore deposits in the region, there are two important approaches that stand out for the formation of the ore deposits: the first theory is hydrothermal deposits with magmatic origin, and the other theory is Missisippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits related with the carbonate rocks commonly found in the region. Field studies at the Suçatı (Kayseri – Yahyalı, Central Anatolia, Turkey, East of Aladağlar extension of the Taurides) ore district in the Aladağ geologic unit indicate that the deposits in the region are associated with Paleo-Tethys limestones, fossiliferous limestones and dolomitic limestones. Mineralization is related to Lower Permian aged carbonate rocks include primary mineralization ore minerals as galena, sphalerite, smithsonite and goethite and as a product of hydrothermal activity, calcite mineral filled within fractures and cracks represents gangue minerals. As a result of geochemical analysis of the samples collected from the ore zones, PbO values range between 25.93% - 0.012%, ZnO values range between 51.01% - 0.042%, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> values range between 42.81% - 10.21%. In conclusion hydrothermal activities closely related with compressional and extentional tectonic regimes took place in multiphase mineralization.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pb-Zn Deposits, MVT, Taurides, Yahyalı</p>

Composition of minerals from the skarn deposits Väster Silvberg (Sweden) and Tumurtijn-ovoo (Mongolia): Indications of different element supply in submarine hydrothermal-sedimentary ore genesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Wolfram Gottesmann ◽  
Bärbel Gottesmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Skarn Deposits ◽  
Composition Of Minerals

We compare chemical compositions of the main minerals from two submarine exhalative sulfide-bearing manganiferous iron-ore deposits, i.e.Väster Silvberg in Sweden (VS) and Tumurtijn-ovoo in Mongolia (TO). At VS, much Al is present in garnet (Fe-spessartine) and biotite, whereas at TO the ore-associated garnets are Al-poor (andradite) and minerals not associated with ore minerals are Al-rich (grossular, vesuvianite). The low-Al of andradite at TO agrees with the low-Al of volcanic ore-forming solutions from the modern oceans. The Al-rich minerals at both TO and VS indicate the assimilation of Al-rich volcanic material in both deposits. The elements Ca and Mg show opposite distributions: at VS much Mg is incorporated in kutnahorite, knebelite, biotite, and Mn-actinolite, Mg-rich minerals are absent at TO; in contrast, the garnets at TO contain more Ca than the garnets at VS. We explain these differences by the different carbonate minerals constituting the accompanying carbonate rocks at the two deposits, namely calcite and dolomite at VS, and only calcite at TO. These minerals primarily resulted from evaporation of seawater. Also during times, when they did not form massive carbonate rocks, they settled to the seafloor in minor amounts. There, they were partially combined with volcaniclastic Al-rich input. When the ore solutions spread on the seafloor and percolated through the bottomset they mixed with the seafloor mud producing ore-bearing sediments as precursors of Al-rich, Mg-rich skarn ores at VS and Al-poor, Mg-poor, Ca-rich skarn ores at TO. As a result, three sources supplied elements for the skarn-ore formation at the investigated deposits: volcanic ore solutions, Al-rich volcanic material and evaporitic carbonates of different composition.

Estimation of copper ore deposit parameters – case study of Rudna Mine mining block R-1 (SW part of Poland) using geostatistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Namysłowska-Wilczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Mineralized Zone

<p>This geostatistical study investigates the variation in the basic geological parameters of the lithologically varied deposit in mining block R-1 in the west (W) part of the Rudna Mine (the region Lubin – Sieroszowice, SW part of Poland).</p><p>Data obtained from the sampling (sample size N = 708) of excavations in block R-1 were the input for the spatial analyses. The data are the results of chemical analyses of the Cu content in the (recoverable) deposit series, carried out on channel samples and drilled core samples, taken systematically at every 15-20 m in the headings.</p><p>The deposit profile comprises various rock formations, such as: mineralized Weissliegend sandstones, intensively mineralized upper Permian dolomitic-loamy and loamy copper-bearing schists and carbonate rocks: loamy dolomite, striped dolomite and limy dolomite, of various thickness. No schists formed in some parts of block R-1, which are referred to as the schistless area. The deposit series here is considerably less mineralized (comparing with other mining blocks) even though the mineralization thickness of the sandstone and carbonate rocks reaches as much as 20 m.</p><p>The variation in the Cu content and thickness of the recoverable deposit and the estimated averages Z* of the above parameters were modelled using the variogram function and the ordinary (block) kriging technique. The efficiency of the estimations was characterized.</p><p>As part of the further spatial analyses the Z<sub>s</sub> values of the analysed deposit parameters were simulated using the conditional turning bands simulation. Confidence intervals for the values of averages based on the estimated averages Z* and averages <strong> </strong>based on the simulated values (realizations) Z<sub>s</sub>, showing the uncertainty of the estimations and simulations, were calculated.</p><p>The results of the analyses clearly indicate the shifting of the mineralized zone (the mineralizing solutions), sometimes into the sandstones while spreading throughout the floor of calcareous-dolomitic formations and sometimes into the carbonate rocks, partly entering the roof layers of sandstones. It can be concluded that the process of deposit formation and copper mineralization variation had a multiphase character and the lateral and vertical relocation of the valuable metal ores could play a significant role.</p><p>The combination of various geostatistical techniques - estimation and simulation - will allow for more effective management of natural resources of mineral resources, including copper ore deposits.</p>

scholarly journals The Use of Native Halophytes in Landscape Design in The Central Anatolia, Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Coşkun Sağlam ◽  
Serpil Önder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Halophytic Plant

In this study, the usability of some herbaceous halophytes grown naturally in salt marshes that dry most of the year in Central Anatolia Region were investigated in landscape design. Within the scope of the research, in the years of 2016 and 2017, seasonal field studies were carried out in saline habitats in the vicinity of Konya, Ankara, Aksaray and Nevşehir, and taken photographs and herbarium samples of halophytic plant species. The general botanical and ecological characteristics of the selected species are given and the values used in landscape design have been determined considering the aesthetic and functional properties. As a result of the field studies carried out during the vegetation periods, 59 halophytic plant species, belonging to 38 genera and 19 families that could be used in landscape design were identified. The most representative family was the Asteraceae with 11 species, followed by Plumbaginaceae (9 species) and Chenopodiaceae (8 species). The genus Limonium from Plumbaginaceae family is well represented with 8 species for landscape use. The endemism rate of halophytes used in landscape design is 42% (25 species) in the research area. The most common uses in landscape design are determined in roof gardens by 49 species, followed in ground conservation and erosion prevention by 31 species. Since these halophytic species, which are mostly succulent and endemic, are well adapted into both wet and dry areas. Their use in landscape design is of great importance for restoration of arid and barren land, which may increase as a result of global climate change, conservation of biodiversity as well as sustainable agricultural practices.

The Giant Chalukou Porphyry Mo Deposit, Northeast China: The Product of a Short-Lived, High Flux Mineralizing Event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Degao Zhai ◽  
Ryan Mathur ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
David Selby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Porphyry Cu ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Porphyry Mo Deposit

Abstract Whether giant porphyry ore deposits are the products of single, short-lived magmatic-hydrothermal events or multiple events over a prolonged interval is a topic of considerable debate. Previous studies, however, have all been devoted to porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo deposits. In this paper, we report high-precision isotope dilution-negative-thermal ionization mass spectrometric (ID-N-TIMS) molybdenite Re-Os ages for the newly discovered, world-class Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit (reserves of 2.46 Mt @ 0.087 wt % Mo) in NE China. Samples were selected based on a careful evaluation of the relative timing of the different vein types (i.e., A, B, and D veins), thereby ensuring that the suite of samples analyzed could be used to reliably determine the age and duration of mineralization. The molybdenite Re-Os geochronology reveals that hydrothermal activity at Chalukou involved two magmatic-hydrothermal events spanning an interval of 6.92 ± 0.16 m.y. The first event (153.96 ± 0.08/0.63/0.79 Ma, molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os age) was associated with the emplacement of a granite porphyry dated at 152.1 ± 2.2 Ma (zircon laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-microscopic [LA-ICP-MS] U-Pb ages), and led to only minor Mo mineralization, accounting for <10% of the overall Mo budget. The bulk of the Mo (>90%) was deposited in less than 650 kyr, between 147.67 ± 0.10/0.60/0.76 and 147.04 ± 0.12/0.72/0.86 Ma (molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os ages), coincident with the emplacement of a fine-grained porphyry at 148.1 ± 2.6 Ma (zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages). The high-precision Re-Os age determinations presented here show, contrary to the finding of a number of studies of porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo systems, that the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit primarily formed in a single, short-lived (<650 kyr) hydrothermal event, suggesting that this may also have been the case for other giant porphyry Mo deposits.

scholarly journals The Role of Hydrothermal Activity in the Formation of Karst-Hosted Manganese Deposits of the Postmasburg Mn Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Brenton J. Fairey ◽  
Martin J. Timmerman ◽  
Masafumi Sudo ◽  
Harilaos Tsikos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Manganese Deposits ◽  
Northern Cape

The Postmasburg Manganese Field (PMF), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, once represented one of the largest sources of manganese ore worldwide. Two belts of manganese ore deposits have been distinguished in the PMF, namely the Western Belt of ferruginous manganese ores and the Eastern Belt of siliceous manganese ores. Prevailing models of ore formation in these two belts invoke karstification of manganese-rich dolomites and residual accumulation of manganese wad which later underwent diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic processes. For the most part, the role of hydrothermal processes and metasomatic alteration towards ore formation has not been adequately discussed. Here we report an abundance of common and some rare Al-, Na-, K- and Ba-bearing minerals, particularly aegirine, albite, microcline, banalsite, sérandite-pectolite, paragonite and natrolite in Mn ores of the PMF, indicative of hydrothermal influence. Enrichments in Na, K and/or Ba in the ores are generally on a percentage level for most samples analysed through bulk-rock techniques. The presence of As-rich tokyoite also suggests the presence of As and V in the hydrothermal fluid. The fluid was likely oxidized and alkaline in nature, akin to a mature basinal brine. Various replacement textures, particularly of Na- and K- rich minerals by Ba-bearing phases, suggest sequential deposition of gangue as well as ore-minerals from the hydrothermal fluid, with Ba phases being deposited at a later stage. The stratigraphic variability of the studied ores and their deviation from the strict classification of ferruginous and siliceous ores in the literature, suggests that a re-evaluation of genetic models is warranted. New Ar-Ar ages for K-feldspars suggest a late Neoproterozoic timing for hydrothermal activity. This corroborates previous geochronological evidence for regional hydrothermal activity that affected Mn ores at the PMF but also, possibly, the high-grade Mn ores of the Kalahari Manganese Field to the north. A revised, all-encompassing model for the development of the manganese deposits of the PMF is then proposed, whereby the source of metals is attributed to underlying carbonate rocks beyond the Reivilo Formation of the Campbellrand Subgroup. The main process by which metals are primarily accumulated is attributed to karstification of the dolomitic substrate. The overlying Asbestos Hills Subgroup banded iron formation (BIF) is suggested as a potential source of alkali metals, which also provides a mechanism for leaching of these BIFs to form high-grade residual iron ore deposits.

Role of rheological heterogeneities in vein-ore localization

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castaing ◽  
D. Cassard ◽  
Y. Gros ◽  
M. Moisy ◽  
J. C. Chabod
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ore Localization ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Partial Destruction

Structural studies of the Saint-Salvy zinc deposit and other Hercynian, veinhosted ore deposits in the French Massif Central and Pyrénées reveal a fourstage evolution of mineralized structures under rheological control: (i) localization of potential mineralized areas, guided by the presence of first-order lithological or structural heterogeneities that caused stress and strain perturbations; (ii) creation of second-order heterogeneities, corresponding to indurated shear zones that acted as rheological discontinuities; (iii) tectonic activation of these second-order heterogeneities, opening voids that allowed circulation of hydrothermal fluids and periodic trapping of ore minerals; (iv) reworking and partial destruction of the mineralized structures, caused by the reactivation of anisotropic surfaces acting as zones of weakness. The interaction between preexisting, first-order heterogeneities and regional shear strain caused instability, which in turn produced second-order and then lower-order heterogeneities. Such progressively smaller heterogeneities induced an increasingly focused, centripetal localization of structural disturbances that enabled hydrothermal fluid channelling. This is the reason that lower-order and late structures preferentially bear economic mineralization.

Nature and longevity of hydrothermal fluid flow and mineralisation in granites of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Robb ◽  
L. A. Freeman ◽  
R. A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Bushveld Complex ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Incompatible Trace Element ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Tin Deposit ◽  
Granite Suite

The Lebowa Granite Suite of the Bushveld Complex is a large, 2054 Ma old, A-type batholith, characterised by numerous relatively small magmato-hydrothermal, polymetallic ore deposits. The mineralisation is represented by a three-stage paragenetic sequence: early magmatic Sn-W-Mo-F ores (600°C > T > 400°C), followed by a Cu-Pb-Zn-As-Ag-Au paragenesis (400°C > T > 200°C) and then late-stage Fe-F-U mineralisation (< 200°C). The first stage of mineralisation (typified by the endogranitic Zaaiplaats tin deposit) is related to incompatible trace element concentration during crystal fractionation and subsequent fluid saturation of the magma. Evolution of the late magmatic fluids as they were channelled along fractures, as well as mingling with externally derived connate or meteoric fluids, resulted in the deposition of the second stage of mineralisation (typified by the fracture-related, endogranitic Spoedwel and Albert deposits and the exogranitic, sediment-hosted Rooiberg mine) which is dominated by polymetallic sulphide ores. As the externally derived fluid component became progressively more dominant, oxidation of the polymetallic sulphide assemblage and precipitation of hematite, pitchblende and fluorite occurred generally along the same fracture systems that hosted the earlier sulphide paragenesis.Small hydrothermal zircons trapped along quartz growth zones from the Spoedwel deposit yield a U-Pb concordia age of 1957 ± 15 Ma. Whole-rock Rb-Sr age determinations from the Lebowa Granite Suite fall in the range 1790 ± 114 Ma to 1604 ± 70 Ma and are interpreted to reflect alkali element mobility and isotopic resetting during exhumation of the Bushveld granite. In contrast to thermal modelling which indicates that hydrothermal activity should have ceased within 4 my of emplacement, isotopic evidence suggests that mineralisation was long-lived, but episodic, and that fluid flow events were linked to major periods of Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic orogenic activity along the margins of the Kaapvaal Craton. During these orogenic episodes, fluid flow was enhanced by tectonically induced fluid over-pressuring and/or exhumation of the Bushveld Complex.

Genesis of the Pb–Zn deposit at Sant’Antonio di Val D’Aspra, Southern Tuscany (Italy): disparity between geo-petrographic data and fluid inclusion microthermometry

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (375) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giamello ◽  
F. Riccobono ◽  
G. Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Study ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal Sediments

AbstractThe Pb–Zn deposit at Sant'Antonio di Val d'Aspra in the Farma Valley (Southern Tuscany) is hosted by Lower Moscovian carbonate rocks and shows many characters commonly found in Mississippi Valley type (MVT) deposits. Ore minerals (essentially sphalerite and galena) are closely confined to dolomitized portions of an only partly preserved black limestone. Mineralized carbonate rocks appear to have been eroded before the deposition of the overlying Upper Moscovian (Late Podolskian) shales. The diffuse presence of structures frequently found in internal sediments of karstic cavities indicates that supergene mechanisms have played an important role in the history of the deposit. A fluid inclusion study carried out on ore and gangue minerals revealed the presence of two different types of inclusions. The homogenization temperatures ranged from 120°C to 225°C but the most frequently found values were around 170°C. Salinity ranged from moderately low values up to 20 eq. wt. % NaCl. Lead isotopic composition rules out any relationship between the Sant'Antonio mineralization and Tertiary hydrothermal base metal occurrences in the same area. When all the data are taken together, a contrast is evident between geo-petrographic and isotopic data on the one hand, and fluid-inclusion microthermometry on the other.

Geochemical Anomaly Characteristics of the Soil Secondary Halo of Pangjiagou Gold Polymetallic Deposit in Chengde, Hebei Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2129-2132
Author(s):  
Jiao Jiao Chen ◽  
Ying Shu Li ◽  
Da Qing He ◽  
Dong Ming Yang ◽  
Yi Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Wall Rock ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Geochemical Anomaly ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Polymetallic Deposit ◽  
North East

Pangjiagou gold polymetallic deposit is located in bending parts of the north east direction of the Yanshan arc structural belt in Hebei province, which has a good regional metallogenic background. According to the collection of samples and tests of eight elements for the samples of the mining area, we studied the geochemical anomaly characteristics of the soil secondary halos of the ore deposit. By means of researching on geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit, it worked out that the ore deposit possesses the characteristics of multiphase ore-forming hydrothermal activity, which is divided into the Sb-Zn mineralization period and Cu-Au mineralization period. The important prospecting of the ore deposits in the area consist of the surface oxidation, the wall rock alteration and the geochemical characteristics.

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