Facies control of strata-bound ore deposits in carbonate rocks: The F-(Pb-Zn) deposits in the Alpine Triassic of the Alpuj�rrides, southern Spain

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Mart�n ◽  
J. Torres-Ruiz ◽  
L. Fontbot�
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Southern Spain

Estimation of copper ore deposit parameters – case study of Rudna Mine mining block R-1 (SW part of Poland) using geostatistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Namysłowska-Wilczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Mineralized Zone

<p>This geostatistical study investigates the variation in the basic geological parameters of the lithologically varied deposit in mining block R-1 in the west (W) part of the Rudna Mine (the region Lubin – Sieroszowice, SW part of Poland).</p><p>Data obtained from the sampling (sample size N = 708) of excavations in block R-1 were the input for the spatial analyses. The data are the results of chemical analyses of the Cu content in the (recoverable) deposit series, carried out on channel samples and drilled core samples, taken systematically at every 15-20 m in the headings.</p><p>The deposit profile comprises various rock formations, such as: mineralized Weissliegend sandstones, intensively mineralized upper Permian dolomitic-loamy and loamy copper-bearing schists and carbonate rocks: loamy dolomite, striped dolomite and limy dolomite, of various thickness. No schists formed in some parts of block R-1, which are referred to as the schistless area. The deposit series here is considerably less mineralized (comparing with other mining blocks) even though the mineralization thickness of the sandstone and carbonate rocks reaches as much as 20 m.</p><p>The variation in the Cu content and thickness of the recoverable deposit and the estimated averages Z* of the above parameters were modelled using the variogram function and the ordinary (block) kriging technique. The efficiency of the estimations was characterized.</p><p>As part of the further spatial analyses the Z<sub>s</sub> values of the analysed deposit parameters were simulated using the conditional turning bands simulation. Confidence intervals for the values of averages based on the estimated averages Z* and averages <strong> </strong>based on the simulated values (realizations) Z<sub>s</sub>, showing the uncertainty of the estimations and simulations, were calculated.</p><p>The results of the analyses clearly indicate the shifting of the mineralized zone (the mineralizing solutions), sometimes into the sandstones while spreading throughout the floor of calcareous-dolomitic formations and sometimes into the carbonate rocks, partly entering the roof layers of sandstones. It can be concluded that the process of deposit formation and copper mineralization variation had a multiphase character and the lateral and vertical relocation of the valuable metal ores could play a significant role.</p><p>The combination of various geostatistical techniques - estimation and simulation - will allow for more effective management of natural resources of mineral resources, including copper ore deposits.</p>

Geochemical significance and Formation of Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erdem Bakkalbasi ◽  
Hatice Nur Bayram ◽  
Mustafa Kumral ◽  
Ali Tugcan Unluer
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Geochemical Significance ◽  
Mvt Deposits ◽  
Marine Platform

<p><strong>Geochemical significance and Formation of  Suçatı Pb-Zn Deposits – Eastern Taurides</strong></p><p>Hatice Nur Bayram<sup>(1)*</sup>, Ali Erdem Bakkalbaşı <sup>(1)*</sup>, Mustafa Kumral<sup>(1)</sup>, Ali Tuğcan Ünlüer<sup>(1)</sup></p><p><sup>(1)</sup>Istanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul/Turkey</p><p>(*E-mail: [email protected])</p><p> </p><p>The Middle Tauride Orogenic Belt is a productive enviroment in terms of Pb-Zn ore deposits, mostly associated with Permian aged dolomitized, shallow marine platform type carbonate rocks. There have been many studies on the origin of the ore deposits in the region, there are two important approaches that stand out for the formation of the ore deposits: the first theory is hydrothermal deposits with magmatic origin, and the other theory is Missisippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits related with the carbonate rocks commonly found in the region. Field studies at the Suçatı (Kayseri – Yahyalı, Central Anatolia, Turkey, East of Aladağlar extension of the Taurides) ore district in the Aladağ geologic unit indicate that the deposits in the region are associated with Paleo-Tethys limestones, fossiliferous limestones and dolomitic limestones. Mineralization is related to Lower Permian aged carbonate rocks include primary mineralization ore minerals as galena, sphalerite, smithsonite and goethite and as a product of hydrothermal activity, calcite mineral filled within fractures and cracks represents gangue minerals. As a result of geochemical analysis of the samples collected from the ore zones, PbO values range between 25.93% - 0.012%, ZnO values range between 51.01% - 0.042%, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> values range between 42.81% - 10.21%. In conclusion hydrothermal activities closely related with compressional and extentional tectonic regimes took place in multiphase mineralization.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pb-Zn Deposits, MVT, Taurides, Yahyalı</p>

Cathodoluminescence Microscopy: A Valuable Technique for Studying Ceramic Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Hagni ◽  
Musa Karakus
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Luminescence Microscopy ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Argillic Alteration ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Growth Zoning

Over the past 10 to 20 years, cathodo-luminescence microscopy (CLM) has become an important, standard technique for studying many geological materials, but its application to ceramic material has not been fully realized. CLM has been found to be especially valuable in determining original porosity in carbonate rocks, a feature that was extremely important in determining the ability of petroleum and related fluids to migrate through the rocks and concentrate in the favorable structures where petroleum is found today. CLM constitutes one of the most significant techniques employed in the exploration for petroleum, but the results of those investigations remain largely unpublished in company files. A number of investigations have discussed the application of cathodoluminescence (CL) to studies of porosity in carbonates.Other applications of CLM to geology involve metals exploration. Halos of red CL feldspar in the rocks around carbon-atite deposits, which may contain rare earths, copper, and other metals, contrast with feldspar crystals with blue or blue-green CL that are distal from the ore deposits. Dolomite associated with lead-zinc ores may exhibit growth zoning by CL that can be used to trace the path of the ore fluids for distances of 100 miles or more. The detection of host rock limestone alteration in the Tri-State zinc-lead district, potassic and argillic alteration at the Henderson molybdenite mine, and ore guides in other metallic deposits by CL was discussed by Hagni.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships between skarn ore deposits and magmatic activity in the Ahar region, Western Alborz, NW Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Mollai ◽  
Georgia Pe-Piper ◽  
Rahim Dabiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Magmatic Activity ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Skarn Deposits ◽  
Alborz Range

Abstract Paleocene to Oligocene tectonic processes in northwest Iran resulted in extensive I-type calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatic activity in the Ahar region. Numerous skarn deposits formed in the contact between Upper Cretaceous impure carbonate rocks and Oligocene-Miocene plutonic rocks. This study presents new field observations of skarns in the western Alborz range and is based on geochemistry of igneous rocks, mineralogy of the important skarn deposits, and electron microprobe analyses of skarn minerals. These data are used to interpret the metasomatism during sequential skarn formation and the geotectonic setting of the skarn ore deposit related igneous rocks. The skarns were classified into exoskarn, endoskarn and ore skarn. Andraditic garnet is the main skarn mineral; the pyroxene belongs to the diopside-hedenbergite series. The skarnification started with pluton emplacement and metamorphism of carbonate rocks followed by prograde metasomatism and the formation of anhydrous minerals like garnet and pyroxene. The next stage resulted in retro gradation of anhydrous minerals along with the formation of oxide minerals (magnetite and hematite) followed by the formation of hydrosilicate minerals like epidote, actinolite, chlorite, quartz, sericite and sulfide mineralization. In addition to Fe, Si and Mg, substantial amounts of Cu, along with volatile components such as H2S and CO2 were added to the skarn system. Skarn mineralogy and geochemistry of the igneous rocks indicate an island arc or subduction-related origin of the Fe-Cu skarn deposit.

Stratabound lead-zinc pyrite ore deposits in upper precambrian carbonate rocks, Rodna Mountains, Romania

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Udubaşa ◽  
L. Nedelcu ◽  
A. AndĂr ◽  
P. AndĂr
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Lead Zinc

Constraints on the evolution of sulfuric acid speleogenesis within carbonate rocks partially covered by evaporites (Sierra de Mollina, southern Spain)

Geomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107866
Author(s):  
Antonio González-Ramón ◽  
Antonio Pedrera ◽  
Sergio Martos-Rosillo ◽  
Jiménez de Cisneros Concepción ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Constán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Southern Spain

scholarly journals IV.—Petrology and Structure of the Pyritic Field of Huelva, Spain

1910 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moncrieff Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Copper Mining ◽  
Mining District

The great copper-mining district of Southern Spain and Portugal has been studied by several eminent geologists, and the problems presented in the geology of the field and of its ore-deposits have given rise to conflicting opinions. The three most debated points have been the origin of the ore-deposits, the relations of the igneous rocks, and the age of the sedimentary formations. The present paper, the field work for which was carried out during the last summer season, deals in the main with the two latter points, and the writer takes this opportunity of expressing his indebtedness to Professor W. W. Watts and to Dr. C. G. Cullis for their advice and suggestions during the subsequent petrological studies at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London.

Composition of minerals from the skarn deposits Väster Silvberg (Sweden) and Tumurtijn-ovoo (Mongolia): Indications of different element supply in submarine hydrothermal-sedimentary ore genesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Wolfram Gottesmann ◽  
Bärbel Gottesmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Skarn Deposits ◽  
Composition Of Minerals

We compare chemical compositions of the main minerals from two submarine exhalative sulfide-bearing manganiferous iron-ore deposits, i.e.Väster Silvberg in Sweden (VS) and Tumurtijn-ovoo in Mongolia (TO). At VS, much Al is present in garnet (Fe-spessartine) and biotite, whereas at TO the ore-associated garnets are Al-poor (andradite) and minerals not associated with ore minerals are Al-rich (grossular, vesuvianite). The low-Al of andradite at TO agrees with the low-Al of volcanic ore-forming solutions from the modern oceans. The Al-rich minerals at both TO and VS indicate the assimilation of Al-rich volcanic material in both deposits. The elements Ca and Mg show opposite distributions: at VS much Mg is incorporated in kutnahorite, knebelite, biotite, and Mn-actinolite, Mg-rich minerals are absent at TO; in contrast, the garnets at TO contain more Ca than the garnets at VS. We explain these differences by the different carbonate minerals constituting the accompanying carbonate rocks at the two deposits, namely calcite and dolomite at VS, and only calcite at TO. These minerals primarily resulted from evaporation of seawater. Also during times, when they did not form massive carbonate rocks, they settled to the seafloor in minor amounts. There, they were partially combined with volcaniclastic Al-rich input. When the ore solutions spread on the seafloor and percolated through the bottomset they mixed with the seafloor mud producing ore-bearing sediments as precursors of Al-rich, Mg-rich skarn ores at VS and Al-poor, Mg-poor, Ca-rich skarn ores at TO. As a result, three sources supplied elements for the skarn-ore formation at the investigated deposits: volcanic ore solutions, Al-rich volcanic material and evaporitic carbonates of different composition.

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