scholarly journals Responses of the diatom <i>Asterionellopsis glacialis</i> to increasing sea water CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and the effect of turbulence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gallo ◽  
Kai G. Schulz ◽  
Eduardo B. Azevedo ◽  
João Madruga ◽  
Joana Barcelos e Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Asterionellopsis Glacialis

Abstract. Emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), are lead to increasing global and surface ocean temperatures. At the same time, as CO2 equilibrates between the atmosphere and the surface ocean, it decreases sea water pH. As a result, the changes in physical and chemical properties of the ocean can affect marine primary producers in various ways. A number of researches have addressed the effects of ocean acidification on marine phytoplankton. However, phytoplankton responses to combined effects are still poorly understood. Here, we chose monospecific cultures of the cosmopolitan chain forming diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis (A. glacialis), grown semi-continuously under controlled laboratory conditions, to assess the combined effect of ocean acidification (~ 420 to 2800 µatm) and turbulence. At current CO2 levels, growth rates of A. glacialis increased under enhanced turbulence. This was the result of an optimum shift towards lower CO2 concentrations and accompanied by a prevalence of longer chains (more than 6 cells). For increasing CO2 levels (up to ~ 2800 µatm) and decreased pH values, enhanced turbulence significantly decreased growth rates, chain length and organic matter production of A. glacialis. Thus, our study suggests that, even though A. glacialis benefited from enhanced turbulence, at present carbon dioxide concentration, at higher CO2 levels, turbulence magnified the stress by acidification. If in the future, the ocean surface layer will be more frequently exposed to storm and wind events, then phytoplankton communities might be more sensitive to lower pH, with potential consequences for community composition and productivity.

scholarly journals Surface ocean carbon dioxide during the Atlantic Meridional Transect (1995–2013); evidence of ocean acidification

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Kitidis ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Nicholas Hardman-Mountford ◽  
Nathalie Lefèvre
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Ocean Carbon

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of carbon dioxide on the acidity of the Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
AA El-Meligi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Snow And Ice

There is a significant effect of carbon dioxide on the acidification of the ocean. This research focuses on the acidification of the ocean and its effect on the animal life in the ocean. Also, it focuses on the effect of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere on the ocean acidification. The data are collected from the research institutions and laboratories, such as National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Japan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA, Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, and other sources of research about acidification of ocean. The results show that the acidity increases with increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is because ocean absorbs nearly 50% of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbonate ions (CO32-) will be used in forming carbonic acid, which will increase the acidity of the water. Increasing the acidity of water will affect building of the animal Skeleton. It is recommended to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; therefore the acidity will be decreased in the ocean.

Stochastic analysis of time-series related to ocean acidification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Vagenas ◽  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Mauna Loa

&lt;p&gt;Since the pre-industrial era at the end of the 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) has increased by 47.46% from the level of 280 ppmv (parts per million volume) to 412.89 ppmv (Mauna Loa &amp;#8211; NOAA Station, November 2020). These increased concentrations caused by natural &amp; anthropogenic activities, interact with the aquatic environment which acts as a safety valve. Nevertheless, the absorbed CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;amounts undergo chemical transformations, resulting in increasing ionized concentrations that can significantly reduce the water&amp;#8217;s pH, a process described as ocean acidification. Here, we use the HOT (Hawaii-Ocean-Time series) to perform time series analysis for temperature, carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH. More specifically, we analyze their temporal changes in month and annual time lag. Then, we proceed in comparisons with relevant studies on atmospheric data to evaluate the produced results. Finally, we make an effort to disentangle the results with simplified assumptions connected with the observed impact of ocean acidification on the aquatic ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soybean photosynthetic and biomass responses to carbon dioxide concentrations ranging from pre-industrial to the distant future

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3690-3700
Author(s):  
David W Drag ◽  
Rebecca Slattery ◽  
Matthew Siebers ◽  
Evan H DeLucia ◽  
Donald R Ort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
C3 Plant ◽  
Co2 Levels

Abstract Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) directly impacts C3 plant photosynthesis and productivity, and the rate at which [CO2] is increasing is greater than initially predicted by worst-case scenario climate models. Thus, it is increasingly important to assess the physiological responses of C3 plants, especially those that serve as important crops, to [CO2] beyond the mid-range levels used in traditional experiments. Here, we grew the C3 crop soybean (Glycine max) at eight different [CO2] levels spanning subambient (340 ppm) to the highest level thought plausible (~2000 ppm) in chambers for 5 weeks. Physiological development was delayed and plant height and total leaf area increased at [CO2] levels higher than ambient conditions, with very little difference in these parameters among the elevated [CO2] treatments &gt;900 ppm. Daily photosynthesis initially increased with rising [CO2] but began to level off at ~1000 ppm CO2. Similar results occurred in biomass accumulation. Thus, as [CO2] continues to match or exceed the worst-case emission scenarios, these results indicate that carbon gain, growth, and potentially yield increases will diminish, thereby ultimately constraining the positive impact that continuing increases in atmospheric [CO2] could have on crop productivity and global terrestrial carbon sinks.

scholarly journals The Oxygen Uptake of the Lobster (Homarus Vulgaris Edw.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-251
Author(s):  
H. J. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Respiratory Movements

1. In sea water the oxygen uptake of Homarus vulgaris is directly proportional to the oxygen concentration. The relationship applies over the temperature range 6-18°C. 2. Within specified limits of size and condition, oxygen uptake is the same for both sexes. 3. The relative oxygen uptake in sea water decreases as the weight of the animal increases. 4. Oxygen uptake in sea water is effected mainly through the gills. The abdominal swimmerets, however, also serve in respiration and account for approximately 3 % of the total oxygen uptake. 5. In sea water of constant oxygen tension, oxygen uptake increases with increasing temperature. 6. Increase in oxygen uptake with temperature in sea water is mainly brought about by an increase in the gill ventilation rate. In addition, the degree of utilization increases. The relationship is a direct reflexion of the increased metabolic activity. 7. The ventilation rate of gills is unaffected by a decrease of oxygen. 8. The percentage of oxygen extracted by the gills increases as the oxygen concentration of the medium decreases. 9. Under the influence of carbon dioxide respiratory movements become retarded at acidities greater than about pH 7.0 and are completely inhibited at around pH 6.5. At acidities less than pH 7.0 changes in the carbon dioxide concentration are without effect on the rate of the respiratory movements. 10. The oxygen uptake in air, notwithstanding its low level, is directly proportional to temperature. 11. The significance of the above results in relation to the respiratory functions of the blood is discussed.

Community composition has greater impact on the functioning of marine phytoplankton communities than ocean acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Eggers ◽  
Aleksandra M. Lewandowska ◽  
Joana Barcelos e Ramos ◽  
Sonia Blanco-Ameijeiras ◽  
Francesca Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities

scholarly journals Marine carbonate system evolution during the EPOCA Arctic pelagic ecosystem experiment in the context of simulated Arctic ocean acidification

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 15541-15565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. J. Bellerby ◽  
A. Silyakova ◽  
G. Nondal ◽  
D. Slagstad ◽  
J. Czerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Pelagic Ecosystem ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Marine Carbonate ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. A major, potential stressor of marine systems is the changing water chemistry following increasing seawater carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), commonly termed ocean acidification. In order to understand how an Arctic pelagic ecosystem may respond to future CO2, a deliberate ocean acidification and nutrient perturbation study was undertaken in an Arctic fjord. The initial setting and evolution of seawater carbonate chemistry were investigated. Additions of carbon dioxide resulted in a wide range of ocean acidification scenarios. This study documents the changes to the CO2 system throughout the study following net biological consumption and gas exchange with the atmosphere. In light of the common practice of extrapolating results to cover regions away from experimental conditions, a modelling study was also performed to assess the representativeness, in the context of the simulated present and future carbonate system, of the experimental study region to both the near and wider Arctic region. The mesocosm experiment represented the range of simulated marine carbonate system for the coming century and beyond (pCO2 to 1420 μatm) and thus extrapolations may be appropriate to ecosystems exhibiting similar levels of CO2 system drivers. However, as the regional ocean acidification was very heterogenous and did not follow changes in atmospheric CO2, care should be taken in extrapolating the mesocosm response to other regions based on atmospheric CO2 scenarios.

Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates

Nature ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 361 (6409) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Riebesell ◽  
D. A. Wolf-Gladrow ◽  
V. Smetacek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton

The Role of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Christoph Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Ocean Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Ocean Carbon

The ocean carbon cycle plays a twofold role in the context of climate change: (1) through carbon dioxide gas exchange with the atmosphere and carbon cycle climate feedbacks, the ocean regulates the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and hence has a strong influence on the heat budget of the Earth; (2) the paleo-climatic marine sediment core record is largely based on biogenic matter fluxes from the ocean surface to the sea floor, which are part of the marine carbon cycle. The ocean is important for global carbon cycling, primarily due to three factors: (1) the ocean is a huge carbon reservoir with a relatively short turnover time; (2) carbon dioxide in sea water is effectively dissociated inorganically into other substances; (3) marine plankton is keeping the surface ocean carbon dioxide concentration at a lower level than would a lifeless ocean. On intermediate to long time scales, the ocean provides the most important sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The marine uptake kinetics for carbon dioxide work on a longer time scale than current and projected emissions by humans.

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