scholarly journals The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Antoni ◽  
◽  
Kelly Johnston ◽  
Adam Collins ◽  
M. Denise Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

scholarly journals Rationale and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Fast versus Slow Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity—The TEMPO Diet Trial

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Seimon ◽  
Alice Gibson ◽  
Claudia Harper ◽  
Shelley Keating ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eating Disorder Behaviors

Very low energy diets (VLEDs), commonly achieved by replacing all food with meal replacement products and which result in fast weight loss, are the most effective dietary obesity treatment available. VLEDs are also cheaper to administer than conventional, food-based diets, which result in slow weight loss. Despite being effective and affordable, these diets are underutilized by healthcare professionals, possibly due to concerns about potential adverse effects on body composition and eating disorder behaviors. This paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for the TEMPO Diet Trial (Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimal metabolic health and body composition in Obesity), in a randomized controlled trial comparing the long-term (3-year) effects of fast versus slow weight loss. One hundred and one post-menopausal women aged 45–65 years with a body mass index of 30–40 kg/m2 were randomized to either: (1) 16 weeks of fast weight loss, achieved by a total meal replacement diet, followed by slow weight loss (as for the SLOW intervention) for the remaining time up until 52 weeks (“FAST” intervention), or (2) 52 weeks of slow weight loss, achieved by a conventional, food-based diet (“SLOW” intervention). Parameters of body composition, cardiometabolic health, eating disorder behaviors and psychology, and adaptive responses to energy restriction were measured throughout the 3-year trial.

scholarly journals Differential Relationship between Intermuscular Adipose Depots with Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bergia ◽  
Jung Eun Kim ◽  
Wayne W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Type I ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue

Background. Globally, accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is positively associated with insulin resistance. Whether this association is observed consistently in different skeletal muscles and encompasses other markers of cardiometabolic health is not well known. Objectives. The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to investigate associations among thigh or calf IMAT stores and indices of cardiometabolic health in adults who are overweight and obese participating in dietary interventions. A subset of calf data was analyzed to assess relations between IMAT in the gastrocnemius (type II fiber predominance) and soleus (type I fiber predominance) with markers of cardiometabolic health. Materials and Methods. Thigh and calf compositions were assessed via magnetic resonance imaging in 113 subjects (mean ± SD, age: 50 ± 16 y (range: 21–77 y), BMI: 31 ± 3 kg/m2), 103 of which completed dietary interventions with or without energy restriction-induced weight loss. A subset of data (n=37) was analyzed for relations between muscle compartments (gastrocnemius and soleus) and cardiometabolic health. IMAT was regressed separately against fasting serum glucose concentrations, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipids and lipoproteins. Results. In general, total thigh IMAT was predictive of markers of glucose control, while total calf IMAT was not. Specifically, baseline thigh IMAT was positively associated with fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. IMAT content changes in any depot did not predict improvement in cardiometabolic health. Conclusions. The strength of the relationship between IMAT and glucose control-related indices of cardiometabolic health is dependent on IMAT location. Specifically, greater IMAT in the thigh is a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk than greater IMAT in the calf in adults who are overweight and obese.

scholarly journals Study protocol for a 9-month randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of almonds versus carbohydrate-rich snack foods on weight loss and weight maintenance

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036542
Author(s):  
Sharayah Carter ◽  
Alison M Hill ◽  
Catherine Yandell ◽  
Jonathan D Buckley ◽  
Sze-Yen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionEpidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between nut consumption and body mass index (BMI). However, clinical trials evaluating the effects of nut consumption compared with a nut-free diet on adiposity have reported mixed findings with some studies reporting greater weight loss and others reporting no weight change. This paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing whether the inclusion of almonds or carbohydrate-rich snacks in an otherwise nut-free energy-restricted diet will promote weight loss during 3 months of energy restriction and limit weight regain during 6 months of weight maintenance.Methods and analysisOne hundred and thirty-four adults aged 25–65 years with a BMI of 27.5–34.9 kg/m2 will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the almond-enriched diet (AED) (15% energy from almonds) or a nut-free control diet (NFD) (15% energy from carbohydrate-rich snack foods). Study snack foods will be provided. Weight loss will be achieved through a 30% energy restriction over 3 months, and weight maintenance will be encouraged for 6 months by increasing overall energy intake by ~120–180 kcal/day (~500-750kJ/day) as required. Food will be self-selected, based on recommendations from the study dietitian. Body composition, resting energy expenditure, total daily energy expenditure (via doubly labelled water), physical activity, appetite regulation, cardiometabolic health, gut microbiome, liver health, inflammatory factors, eating behaviours, mood and personality, functional mobility and pain, quality of life and sleep patterns will be measured throughout the 9-month trial. The effects of intervention on the outcome measures over time will be analysed using random effects mixed models, with treatment (AED or NFD) and time (baseline, 3 months and 9 months) being the between and within factors, respectively in the analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (201436). Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, national and international presentations.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001861246).

scholarly journals A randomized controlled trial of pharmacist-led therapeutic carbohydrate and energy restriction in type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Durrer ◽  
Sean McKelvey ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
Alan M. Batterham ◽  
James D. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Randomized Controlled

AbstractType 2 diabetes can be treated, and sometimes reversed, with dietary interventions; however, strategies to implement these interventions while addressing medication changes are lacking. We conducted a 12-week pragmatic, community-based parallel-group randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03181165) evaluating the effect of a low-carbohydrate (<50 g), energy-restricted diet (~850-1100 kcal/day; Pharm-TCR; n = 98) compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 90), delivered by community pharmacists, on glucose-lowering medication use, cardiometabolic health, and health-related quality of life. The Pharm-TCR intervention was effective in reducing the need for glucose-lowering medications through complete discontinuation of medications (35.7%; n = 35 vs. 0%; n = 0 in TAU; p < 0.0001) and reduced medication effect score compared to TAU. These reductions occurred concurrently with clinically meaningful improvements in hemoglobin A1C, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and triglycerides (all p < 0.0001). These data indicate community pharmacists are a viable and innovative option for implementing short-term nutritional interventions for people with type 2 diabetes, particularly when medication management is a safety concern.

scholarly journals Consuming an Energy-Restricted US Healthy-Style Eating Pattern Moderate or High in Protein Confers Comparable Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Joshua Hudson ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Wayne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Eating Pattern

Abstract Objectives Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrate consuming higher versus lower protein diets attenuates lean mass loss during energy restriction. No study to date has tested this phenomenon when consuming more dietary protein than prescribed as part of a US Healthy-Style Eating Pattern (USHEP). We sought to assess the effects of consuming a USHEP with either the recommended or a higher amount of protein during energy-restriction on body composition and fasting cardiometabolic disease risk factor changes. Methods Using a randomized, parallel-design, 51 men and women (mean ± SEM; age: 47 ± 1 y; BMI: 32.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2) consumed a controlled USHEP containing 750 kcal/d less than their estimated energy requirement for 12 wk. Participants were randomized to consume either 5 oz-eq/d or 12.5 oz-eq/d of protein foods. The additional dietary protein (7.5 oz-eq/d) from animal-based protein sources displaced predominantly whole and refined grains. Body composition (air displacement plethysmography) and fasting cardiometabolic health risk factors were measured at pre-, mid- (week 6), and post-intervention (week 12). Results Dietary protein intake did not affect any of the body composition or fasting cardiometabolic disease risk factors measured. Among all participants, over time, body mass (−6.2 ± 0.4 kg), fat mass (−6.9 ± 0.6 kg), and fat mass % body mass (−5.3 ± 0.6%) decreased (all P &lt; 0.001). Lean mass (0.7 ± 0.5 kg) did not change and lean mass % body mass (5.3 ± 0.6%) increased (P &lt; 0.001). Fasting serum insulin (−4.2 ± 0.9 μU/mL), total cholesterol (−17 ± 3 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−5 ± 1 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−7 ± 3 mg/dL), and triglyceride (−24 ± 6 mg/dL) concentrations, and seated systolic (-5 ± 1 mm Hg) and diastolic (−5 ± 1 mm Hg) blood pressures, each decreased over time (all P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic health in overweight adults can be achieved by consuming a US Healthy-Style Eating Pattern with either the recommended amount of protein or higher protein from animal-based sources during weight loss. Funding Sources The Beef Checkoff and American Egg Board-Egg Nutrition Center.

scholarly journals Intermittent Energy Restriction, Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence in Humans

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Alexia L. Katsarou ◽  
Nicholas L. Katsilambros ◽  
Chrysi C. Koliaki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
The Impact

Dietary patterns with intermittent energy restriction (IER) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. The most widely studied regimens of IER comprise energy restriction on two days per week (5:2), alternate-day energy restriction by 60–70% (ADF), and timely restriction of energy intake during a specific time window within the day (TRF; time-restricted feeding). Although there is some evidence to suggest that IER can exert beneficial effects on human cardiometabolic health, yet is apparently not superior compared to CER, there are still some critical issues/questions that warrant further investigation: (i) high-quality robust scientific evidence regarding the long-term effects of IER (safety, efficacy, compliance) is limited since the vast majority of intervention studies had a duration of less than 6 months; (ii) whether the positive effects of IER are independent of or actually mediated by weight loss remains elusive; (iii) it remains unknown whether IER protocols are a safe recommendation for the general population; (iv) data concerning the impact of IER on ectopic fat stores, fat-free mass, insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility are inconclusive; (v) the cost-effectiveness of IER dietary regimens has not been adequately addressed; (vi) direct head-to-head studies comparing different IER patterns with variable macronutrient composition in terms of safety and efficacy are scarce; and (vii) evidence is limited with regard to the efficacy of IER in specific populations, including males, the elderly and patients with morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus. Until more solid evidence is available, individualization and critical perspective are definitely warranted to determine which patients might benefit the most from an IER intervention, depending on their personality traits and most importantly comorbid health conditions.

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