scholarly journals Differential Relationship between Intermuscular Adipose Depots with Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bergia ◽  
Jung Eun Kim ◽  
Wayne W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Type I ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue

Background. Globally, accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is positively associated with insulin resistance. Whether this association is observed consistently in different skeletal muscles and encompasses other markers of cardiometabolic health is not well known. Objectives. The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to investigate associations among thigh or calf IMAT stores and indices of cardiometabolic health in adults who are overweight and obese participating in dietary interventions. A subset of calf data was analyzed to assess relations between IMAT in the gastrocnemius (type II fiber predominance) and soleus (type I fiber predominance) with markers of cardiometabolic health. Materials and Methods. Thigh and calf compositions were assessed via magnetic resonance imaging in 113 subjects (mean ± SD, age: 50 ± 16 y (range: 21–77 y), BMI: 31 ± 3 kg/m2), 103 of which completed dietary interventions with or without energy restriction-induced weight loss. A subset of data (n=37) was analyzed for relations between muscle compartments (gastrocnemius and soleus) and cardiometabolic health. IMAT was regressed separately against fasting serum glucose concentrations, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipids and lipoproteins. Results. In general, total thigh IMAT was predictive of markers of glucose control, while total calf IMAT was not. Specifically, baseline thigh IMAT was positively associated with fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. IMAT content changes in any depot did not predict improvement in cardiometabolic health. Conclusions. The strength of the relationship between IMAT and glucose control-related indices of cardiometabolic health is dependent on IMAT location. Specifically, greater IMAT in the thigh is a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk than greater IMAT in the calf in adults who are overweight and obese.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

scholarly journals Association between insulin resistance and preeclampsia in obese non-diabetic women receiving metformin

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Balani ◽  
Steve Hyer ◽  
Argyro Syngelaki ◽  
Ranjit Akolekar ◽  
Kypros H Nicolaides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
History Of

Objectives To examine whether the reduced incidence of preeclampsia in non-diabetic obese pregnant women treated with metformin is mediated by changes in insulin resistance. Methods This was a secondary analysis of obese pregnant women in a randomised trial (MOP trial). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured in 384 of the 400 women who participated in the MOP trial. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was compared in the metformin and placebo groups and in those that developed preeclampsia versus those that did not develop preeclampsia. Results At 28 weeks, median HOMA-IR was significantly lower in the metformin group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was a significant contribution in the prediction of preeclampsia from maternal history of chronic hypertension and gestational weight gain, but not HOMA-IR either at randomisation ( p = 0.514) or at 28 weeks ( p = 0.643). Conclusions Reduced incidence of preeclampsia in non-diabetic obese pregnant women treated with metformin is unlikely to be due to changes in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Hyperthyroidism-Associated Insulin Resistance Is Not Mediated by Adiponectin Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsun Chu ◽  
Hing-Chung Lam ◽  
Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽  
Chih-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Chin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antithyroid Treatment

To evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, we studied 19 adult patients with this disease and 19 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. All hyperthyroid patients were treated with antithyroid drugs and were re-evaluated after thyroid function normalized. Before antithyroid treatment, the adiponectin plasma concentrations were not different comparing with those in control group. The adiponectin levels remained unchanged after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment than after treatment. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and insulin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups and in the hyperthyroid group before and after treatment. BMI-adjusted adiponectin levels were not different among three groups. On the other hand, BMI-adjusted insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased after management of hyperthyroidism. Pearson's correlation revealed that insulin and HOMA-IR values positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. However, adiponectin did not correlate with T3, FT4, insulin, HOMA-IR and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels. In conclusion, insulin resistance associated with hyperthyroidism is not mediated by the levels of plasma adiponectin.

scholarly journals 24-h severe energy restriction impairs postprandial glycaemic control in young, lean males

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Jack Biddle ◽  
Tyler Maher ◽  
Mark P. Funnell ◽  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

AbstractIntermittent energy restriction (IER) involves short periods of severe energy restriction interspersed with periods of adequate energy intake, and can induce weight loss. Insulin sensitivity is impaired by short-term, complete energy restriction, but the effects of IER are not well known. In randomised order, fourteen lean men (age: 25 (sd 4) years; BMI: 24 (sd 2) kg/m2; body fat: 17 (4) %) consumed 24-h diets providing 100 % (10 441 (sd 812) kJ; energy balance (EB)) or 25 % (2622 (sd 204) kJ; energy restriction (ER)) of estimated energy requirements, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g of glucose drink) after fasting overnight. Plasma/serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were assessed before and after (0 h) each 24-h dietary intervention, and throughout the 2-h OGTT. Homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) assessed the fasted response and incremental AUC (iAUC) or total AUC (tAUC) were calculated during the OGTT. At 0 h, HOMA2-IR was 23 % lower after ER compared with EB (P<0·05). During the OGTT, serum glucose iAUC (P<0·001), serum insulin iAUC (P<0·05) and plasma NEFA tAUC (P<0·01) were greater during ER, but GLP-1 (P=0·161), GIP (P=0·473) and FGF21 (P=0·497) tAUC were similar between trials. These results demonstrate that severe energy restriction acutely impairs postprandial glycaemic control in lean men, despite reducing HOMA2-IR. Chronic intervention studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of IER on indices of insulin sensitivity, particularly in the absence of weight loss.

scholarly journals Association of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function With Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Dysglycemia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Chiyu Wang ◽  
Boren Jiang ◽  
Shaohong Ge ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Cell Function

BackgroundThe interrelation between glucose and bone metabolism is complex and has not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin resistance, β-cell function and bone turnover biomarker levels among participants with abnormal glycometabolism.MethodsA total of 5277 subjects were involved through a cross-sectional study (METAL study, http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800017573) in Shanghai, China. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-%β) were applied to elucidate the nexus between β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC). β-CTX, OC and P1NP were detected by chemiluminescence.ResultsHOMA-IR was negatively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (regression coefficient (β) -0.044 (-0.053, -0.035), Q4vsQ1; β -7.340 (-9.130, -5.550), Q4vsQ1 and β -2.885 (-3.357, -2.412), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend &lt;0.001). HOMA-%β was positively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (β 0.022 (0.014, 0.031), Q4vsQ1; β 6.951 (5.300, 8.602), Q4vsQ1 and β 1.361 (0.921, 1.800), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend &lt;0.001).ConclusionsOur results support that lower bone turnover biomarker (β-CTX, P1NP and OC) levels were associated with a combination of higher prevalence of insulin resistance and worse β-cell function among dysglycemia patients. It is feasible to detect bone turnover in diabetes or hyperglycemia patients to predict the risk of osteoporosis and fracture, relieve patients’ pain and reduce the expenses of long-term cure.

scholarly journals Significant improvement in cardiometabolic health in healthy nonobese individuals during caloric restriction-induced weight loss and weight loss maintenance

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (4) ◽  
pp. E396-E405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Most ◽  
L. Anne Gilmore ◽  
Steven R. Smith ◽  
Hongmei Han ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

Calorie restriction (CR) triggers benefits for healthspan including decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CVD). In an ancillary study to CALERIE 2, a 24-mo 25% CR study, we assessed the cardiometabolic effects of CR in 53 healthy, nonobese (BMI: 22–28 kg/m2) men ( n = 17) and women ( n = 36). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR can reduce risk factors for CVD and insulin resistance in nonobese humans and, moreover, to assess whether improvements are exclusive to a period of weight loss or continue during weight maintenance. According to the energy balance method, the 25% CR intervention ( n = 34) produced 16.5 ± 1.5% (mean ± SE) and 14.8 ± 1.5% CR after 12 and 24 mo (M12, M24), resulting in significant weight loss (M12 −9 ± 0.5 kg, M24 −9 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was maintained in the group that continued their habitual diet ad libitum (AL, n = 19). In comparison to AL, 24 mo of CR decreased visceral (−0.5 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (−1.9 ± 0.2kg, P < 0.001) as well as intramyocellular lipid content (−0.11 ± 0.05%, P = 0.031). Furthermore, CR decreased blood pressure (SBP −8 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.005; DBP −6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (−13.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (−12.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl, P = 0.005), and the 10-yr risk of CVD-disease was reduced by 30%. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased during weight loss in the CR group (−0.46 ± 0.15, P = 0.003), but this decrease was not maintained during weight maintenance (−0.11 ± 0.15, P = 0.458). In conclusion, sustained CR in healthy, nonobese individuals is beneficial in improving risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as visceral adipose tissue mass, ectopic lipid accumulation, blood pressure, and lipid profile, whereas improvements in insulin sensitivity were only transient.

scholarly journals Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts future insulin resistance and impaired glucose control in obese nondiabetic individuals: results from the XENDOS trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Kempf ◽  
Anja Guba-Quint ◽  
Jarl Torgerson ◽  
Maria Chiara Magnone ◽  
Carolina Haefliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that is increased in obesity and established type 2 diabetes. We assessed whether GDF-15 can predict future insulin resistance and impaired glucose control in obese nondiabetic individuals. Design and methods Plasma GDF-15 concentrations were measured with an automated electrochemiluminescent immunoassay at baseline and after 4 years in 496 obese nondiabetic individuals (52% men, median age 48 years, median body mass index (BMI) 37.6 kg/m2) enrolled in the XENical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese subjects (XENDOS) trial. Results The median GDF-15 concentration at baseline was 869 ng/l (interquartile range 723–1064 ng/l). GDF-15 was related to body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) (all P<0.01). Changes in GDF-15 from baseline to 4 years were related to changes in body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). Baseline GDF-15 was associated with the risk to have prediabetes or diabetes at 4 years by univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) for 1 unit increase in ln GDF-15, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7–6.1; P<0.001), and after multivariate adjustment for age, gender, treatment allocation (orlistat vs placebo), BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and glucose control at baseline (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.7; P=0.026). Similarly, baseline GDF-15 was independently associated with HOMA-IR at 4 years (P=0.024). Conclusions This first longitudinal study of GDF-15 in a large cohort of obese individuals indicates that GDF-15 is related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and independently associated with future insulin resistance and abnormal glucose control.

scholarly journals Effects of nutritional supplementation on glucose metabolism and insulin function among people with HIV initiating ART

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiwot Amare ◽  
Mette F. Olsen ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Pernille Kæstel ◽  
Åse B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Assessment Index

Abstract Background Without high-quality nutritional support, there is a risk that people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will replace lost muscle mass with fat mass when initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We have shown that lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with whey or soy considerably increases lean mass among Ethiopian people with HIV starting ART. Here, we aim to assess the effects of LNS on insulin function and glucose metabolism. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing the effect of three-month supplementation with LNS containing whey (LNS/whey) or soy (LNS/soy) among people with HIV. LNS/whey and LNS/soy groups were combined and then were compared against the non-supplemented group. The outcomes were change in fasting plasma-glucose (FPG), and 30-min glucose and 120-min glucose after oral glucose tolerance test. We further assessed effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment index for beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Of the 318 patients enrolled, 268 (84.3%) had available FPG and HbA1c and included. After 3 months of ART, HbA1c tended to be 2 mmol/mol higher in the LNS supplemented group, most pronounced among those receiving whey as the protein source. LNS led to higher 30-min glucose (0.5 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.2, 0.8) and 120-min glucose (0.4 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03, 0.8) and a > 50% increase in fasting insulin, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR compared to the non-supplemented. Conclusion Among Ethiopian people with HIV initiating ART, short-term LNS intake increased glucose and insulin levels, and tended to increase HbA1c, potentially leading to more insulin resistance. Higher intake of carbohydrates with LNS could influence glycemic status. Whether these metabolic changes in early HIV treatment are beneficial or increase long-term risk of metabolic disorders needs to be explored.

scholarly journals The association between insulin resistance and the consumption of nut including peanut, pine nut and almonds in working-aged Korean population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sung Keun Park ◽  
Chang-Mo Oh ◽  
Ju Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Nut Intake ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Abstract Objective: Studies have reported that nuts intake is potentially beneficial to cardiometabolic health. However, there have been heterogeneous results regarding the association between nut intake/consumption and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathophysiology of DM. Thus, this study was to assess the association between nuts consumption and IR. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95 % CI for increased IR (adjusted OR (95 % CI)) were calculated according to the frequency of consuming one serving dose (15 g) of nuts including peanut, pine nut and almond (< 1/month, 1/month–1/week, 1–3/week, 3–5/week, ≥ 5/week). Elevated IR was defined in homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance corresponding to the fourth quartile levels within each study group. Subgroup analysis was conducted for gender, glycaemic status (normal, prediabetes and DM) and age (≥ and < 40 years). Participants: 379 310 Koreans who received health check-up. Results: Compared with nut consumption < 1/month (reference), nuts consumption ≥ 1/month had the lower OR and 95 % CI for elevated IR (1/month–1/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·92), 1–3/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·92), 3–5/week: 0·94 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·98) and ≥ 5/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·94)). This association was more remarkable in women, normal glycaemic group and young age group (< 40 years). However, men, prediabetes, DM and old age group did not show the significant association. Conclusion: Nuts consumption ≥ 1/month was less associated with elevated IR. Increased nuts consumption may have a favourable effect on IR.

The effect of Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa – an Ayurved medicine – in insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samruddhi Kavishwar ◽  
Mrinal Sanaye ◽  
Monisha Nair ◽  
Mukesh Chawda ◽  
Viplav Kshirsagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Abstract Objectives Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa (MKR) is an Ayurved formulation having a strong pharmacological base for diabetes management. This study aimed to validate MKR's efficacy in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (IR). Methods Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the normal control, Group 2 received dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.), Group 3 received dexamethasone and metformin 200 mg/kg (p.o.), and Group 4 received dexamethasone and MKR 236 mg/kg (p.o.). Animals were evaluated for serum glucose levels and glucose tolerance, serum insulin, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), and lipid parameters. Pancreas, liver, and kidneys were evaluated for reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These tissues were also evaluated for histopathological changes. Results MKR showed significant improvement in serum glucose and glucose tolerance, serum insulin and HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and FGIR. It also showed a significant improvement in lipid parameters as compared to the dexamethasone-treated group. It prevented depletion of GSH levels and elevation in MDA levels. These effects were supported by histopathological analysis. Conclusions MKR treatment significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced IR. This study validates the mechanism of the anti-diabetic potential of MKR.

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