scholarly journals Mapping the Social Organization of Labour in Moscow: Beyond the Formal/informal Labour Dualism

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Sara Nadin ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
John Round ◽  
Jan Windebank
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Informal Labour

The starting point of this paper is recognition that the depiction of a formal/informal labour dualism, which views formal and informal labour as separate and hostile realms, is inappropriate for capturing the range of labour practices in societies. This is because labour practices cannot be neatly separated into discrete formal and informal realms, the differences within the formal and informal spheres are as great as the differences between the two realms, and formal and informal labour are not always embedded in different economic relations, values and motives. Here, an alternative more nuanced conceptual lens is proposed that resolves these problems and in so doing captures the multifarious labour practices in societies, namely the total social organization of labour (TSOL) perspective. This depicts labour practices as existing along a spectrum from more formal-oriented to more informal-oriented practices and cross-cuts this with a further spectrum from non-monetized, through in-kind and reciprocal labour, to monetized labour. Applying this conceptual lens, the results of a survey of the anatomy of labour practices in an affluent, mixed and deprived district of Moscow, comprising 313 face-to-face interviews, are then analysed. This reveals that socio-spatial variations in the organisation of labour are not solely about the degree of formalization of working life. Instead, this study unravels that populations range from relatively affluent ‘work busy’ populations undertaking, and voluntarily selecting from, a multiplicity of labour practices, to relatively disadvantaged ‘work deprived’ populations engaged in a narrower range of practices and more commonly out of necessity and in the absence of alternatives. The outcome is call for both the wider application and refinement of this TSOL approach when mapping the social organisation of labour and evaluations of whether the findings from Moscow are more widely valid in other societal contexts.

Socio-Spatial Variations in Community Self-Help: A Total Social Organisation of Labour Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self Help ◽  
One To One

Previous studies have suggested that community self-help in affluent populations revolves around engagement in formal community-based groups, whilst the participatory culture of deprived populations is more orientated towards informal (one-to-one) community participation. Reporting the findings of 861 face-to-face interviews conducted in affluent and deprived urban and rural English communities, and reading participation in community self-help through the lens of a ‘total social organisation of labour’ perspective, this article transcends this dichotomous depiction and provides a finer-grained more multi-layered mapping of the multifarious varieties of community self-help and its socio-spatial variations. The article concludes by exploring the implications for theory, practice and policy.

scholarly journals THE EDUCATION OF ROMA IN GREECE

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris K Vergidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Discrimination

In this paper we examine schooling as a factor in the social integration of the Roma who are Greek citizens. It refers to the living conditions of the Greek Roma and the transformation which their social organization is undergoing, taking their economic activities as a starting point.  In order to tackle the educational exclusion of the Roma, two different educational policies have taken shape. There is the official educational policy which argues that the educational exclusion of the Roma should be dealt with through positive discrimination so that the romani children can be integrated into regular schools.  On the other hand, out of criticism of the role of the school in the reproduction of social inequalities, springs the demand for a different educational policy which would adapt schooling to the culture of the Roma and respond to their particular needs.

scholarly journals The Social Ontology of Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Frega
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

AbstractThis paper offers an account of the social foundations of a theory of democracy. It purports to show that a social ontology of democracy is the necessary counterpart of a political theory of democracy. It notably contends that decisions concerning basic social ontological assumptions are relevant not only for empirical research, but bear a significant impact also on normative theorizing. The paper then explains why interactionist rather than substantialist social ontologies provide the most promising starting point for building a social ontology of democracy. It then introduces and examines the three notions of habits, patterns of interaction, and forms of social organization, conceived as the main pillars of an interactionist social ontology of democracy and briefly discusses some major implications of this approach for democratic theory.

The Missionary's Concern in Sociology and Psychology

Africa ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-434
Author(s):  
Richard Thurnwald
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Mind

Opening ParagraphThe knowledge of the social organization and its changes, of the attitude of the average man towards his daily problems, of the emotional and intellectual background of conduct, must be the starting-point for every effort to influence a man in his particular world. The European missionary or teacher comes from another environment, he is accustomed to social conditions, mental ways, intellectual and emotional responses different from those of his pupils. This divergence in the mind of individuals and in the functioning of society often becomes a stumbling-block to the European, especially to a newcomer. A careful study of the situation he has to deal with is therefore essential for the missionary and teacher.

Autocracy and the Factory Order In Early Russian Industrialization

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston V. Rimlinger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Policy ◽  
General Character ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal Factory ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The Tsarist government played an important and fateful role in the development of the relationship between workers and employers in the early stages of Russian industrialization. Although the general character of this role is well known to historians, further study and reexamination of Tsarist labor policy, in the light of the contemporary concern with economic development, is invited by the Soviet publication in recent years of documentary evidence on nineteenth century labor problems. An attempt will be made in this article to integrate some of the new evidence with data from earlier sources in an analysis of the methods used by the Tsarist government to cope with the problem posed by internal government of industry in an era of growing labor unrest. It will focus on the period between the Emancipation and the 1905 Revolution. Russia did not become an industrial state during this period, but industry made enough progress to bring the country face to face with the modern labor problem. It was a period in which social and economic relations, rooted in feudal traditions, began to undergo significant changes in response to industrial growth. Labor unrest and protest are one of the chief symptoms of the problems inherent in this socio-economic readjustment. To understand the Tsarist approach to these problems it will be necessary to begin with a brief outline of the social milieu of Russian industrialization and of the governmental attitude toward industrial discipline and unrest before the Emancipation. The second section of the article covers the period between the Emancipation and the mideighties, during which the government did not formally regulate the internal order of the factory but was not unconcerned with the relations between employers and workers. The third section covers the period after 1886, when the internal factory order was subject to formal regulation and official inspection.

Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Suzanne Marie Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The Impact

By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us.

Em busca de explicações sobre Vocábulos Africanos: Uma investigação em alguns dicionários e/ou glossários brasileiros (1889-2006)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Costa Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Look ◽  
Afro Brazilian

The book “In search of explanations about African words: an investigation in some Brazilian dictionaries and / or glossaries (1889-2006)” raises controversial and relevant questions about the usefulness of Africanism for Brazil and the delimitation between Afro-Brazilian and africanists studies. The work is one of the results of the work that the author has been developing throughout his long and rich academic life. The author shows enthusiasm for the study of Brazilian Africanism, especially in what concerns on the relationships that are established between words and culture.It shows the participation of African languages in the constitution of the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon, since it considers that studies in this area have been taking place very slowly. Therefore, this work intends to promote the production of future researches that discuss about the social place of African words in Brazilian Portuguese. It makes a point of which we should have no doubt in affirming - unequivocally and systematically - that one can speak of Brazilian Africanism. It takes as a starting point the analysis of dictionaries and glossaries (1889-2006), while taking a retrospective look.It reflects, with such observation, about what is classified as Africanism in the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon. It suggests the need to draw a line between Afro-Brazilian and Africanists studies. Finally, it is expected that such a work can bring new look and perspectives. It is even verified that, in his text, there is a lot of work for everyone. That´s why this work in this book is considered by the author as a singular value.

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