scholarly journals The Use of Marriage Data to Measure the Social Order in Nineteenth-Century Britain

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Prandy ◽  
W. Bottero
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Very High ◽  
Underlying Dimension

This article describes the construction of a measure of the social order in the nineteenth century, which will subsequently be used as a basis for studying processes of social reproduction (or social mobility). The technique of correspondence analysis is used to map the ordering of groups of occupations in two time periods 1777-1866 and 1867-1913. The data are derived from the occupations at marriage of the groom, his father and his father-in-law (the occupations of brides, unfortunately, being very much under-recorded). Marriage, it is argued, is a socially significant act linking, on average, families that occupy similar positions in the social order and analyses of the patterns of social interaction involved provide a means of determining the nature of the social space within which similarity is defined. The three occupations provide three pair-wise comparisons and each comparison gives a mapping of the row occupations and the column occupations six in all. Since any one of these should provide a measure of the social order, assuming there to be any consistency in such a concept, we would expect that, at both time periods, the result of the analyses would be six closely-related estimates of the same underlying dimension. This is what is found; the inter-correlations are very high. Furthermore, there is a very strong relationship between the measures of the social order constructed for the two time periods. The analyses are presented within a framework that emphasises the value of the procedures used for understanding the nature of measurement in social science.

Movement in the Social Hierarchy in the Age of Transformation: People's Perceptions in Post-Communist Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Lina Malysh
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communist Countries

The article analyzes how people evaluate the changes in their position in the social hierarchy. The main research attention is focused on post-communist countries which exemplify the transition from one social order to another. The list of these post-communist countries was as follows: Bulgaria (N = 1000), Estonia (N = 1000), Latvia (N = 1069), Lithuania (N = 1023), Poland (N = 1263), Russia (N = 1603), Slovakia (N = 1159), Slovenia (N = 1065), Hungary (N = 1010), Ukraine (N = 2012), Croatia (N = 1201), the Czech Republic (N = 1205). Based on the questions from the Social Inequality-IV module of the International Social Survey Programme two types of people's perception of their mobility were identified: subjective social mobility and intergenerational movement on the social ladder. Subjective social mobility measured as a level of status of respondents’ current job compared to the status of their father's job when the respondent was a teenager. Intergenerational movement in the social ladder was considered as the difference between respondent’s self-positioning on the social ladder and his/her ideas about the position of the family of his origin on this ladder. Also, the direction and distance of both types of movement in the social hierarchy were measured. As a result, the differences in stratification profiles based on distributions of the respondent’s position on the social ladder and that of their parents were shown. In a large majority of nations, people moved down on the social ladder. The exceptions were Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland. In general, the proportion of people who have experienced upward subjective mobility exceeded the proportion of those who have risen the social ladder. Distances of both types of movement in the social space were moderate. Subjective mobility and intergenerational movement in the social ladder did not correlate too much. The correlation between the variables was strongest in Poland and the Czech Republic. Methodological features of indicators of both types of movement in social space are outlined, but more accurate description of their measuring limits requires further empirical exploration.

Women's Occupations and the Social Order in Nineteenth Century Britain

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Bottero ◽  
Kenneth Prandy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interaction Approach

This paper examines the hierarchy amongst female occupations in Britain in the nineteenth century, using information on marriage and family patterns to generate a measure of distance within a social space. This social interaction approach to stratification uses the patterning of close relationships, in this case between women and men, to build up a picture of the social ordering within which such relationships take place. The method presented here starts, not with the assumption of a set of broad social groups that may interact to a greater or lesser extent, but from the opposite direction, from the patterns of social interaction among detailed occupational groupings. Instead of reading off social hierarchy from the labour market, we use relations of social closeness and similarity (here marriage) to build a picture of the occupational ordering from patterns of relative social distance. Such an approach is possible because of the way in which social relations are constrained by (and constrain) hierarchy.

Who Was This Man?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Revolution

Chapter 1 introduces the broad context of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world in which Crispus Attucks lived, describes the events of the Boston Massacre, and assesses what we know about Attucks’s life. It also addresses some of the most widely known speculations and unsupported stories about Attucks’s life, experiences, and family. Much of what is assumed about Attucks today is drawn from a fictionalized juvenile biography from 1965, which was based largely on research in nineteenth-century sources. Attucks’s characterization as an unsavory outsider and a threat to the social order emerged during the soldiers’ trial. Subsequently, American Revolutionaries in Boston began the construction of a heroic Attucks as they used the memory of the massacre and all its victims to serve their own political agendas during the Revolution by portraying the victims as respectable, innocent citizens struck down by a tyrannical military power.

scholarly journals The Integrity of the Territorial Identification of a Person in the Russian Social Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2276-2286
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Order

Purpose of the study: To investigate the sociological dimension of social space structuring under the influence of territorial movements in the era of globalization based on the example of modern Russia. As the methodology for the study, the synthesis of E. Giddens’ theory was structured, its provisions on the topography of social space in the geographical plane. The paradigm of structuralist constructivism of P. Bourdieu was used as well, in which it was relevant for us to analyze habitus as a socio-geographical environment for the formation of institutional strategies of agents of social relationship. Factors that contribute to and hinder the adaptation of personality in the new social environment, were examined based on works by O. Toffler, U. Beck, V.I. Chuprov and Yu.A. Zubok. To determine the mechanism of the genesis and functioning of meanings in the new communicative environment, the authors relied on N. Luman's approach to self-identification and self-conference. In the process of analyzing the nature of trust in the institutional order in the context of globalization, the authors used works by A.V. Ivanov and S.A. Danilova who analyze the mechanisms of formation. The empirical basis for the article was a sociological study conducted on the basis of the Sociological Center of Kutafin Moscow State Law University.The article reveals the features of personality identification in a dynamic environment of interethnic and cross-cultural interactions, structured under the influence of territorial factors. The degree of conformity of the scale, the nature and depth of self-identification in various territorial planes of the social space are determined by the example of modern Russian society. Factors of social integration in the process of the formation of territorial identity both at the institutional level and in everyday life when constructing informal social ties are disclosed. The restrictions of social identification in the regions of Russia are found that prevent the formation of civic identity and responsibility for the reproduction of the social order. The values that determine social integration in cross-cultural interaction are revealed. The results of the study make a significant contribution to the development of methods for determining the causes of the genesis of separatist sentiments and the conditions for designing constructive social participation in various regions. The article is relevant for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as lecturers, involved in the problems of the sociological study of globalization, social space and group identity. The work uses an integral methodology for measuring social processes from the perspective of the subject of action, constructing strategies in the new social environment, and from the perspective of a system that ensures the reproduction of the institutional order.

Re-imagining the Social Order

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Innes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Old Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Late Eighteenth

The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries saw attempts around the Mediterranean world to replace an old order of privilege and delegated power with one in which all subjects were equal before the state. Across southern Europe, revolutionary France provided the model: under French and subsequently liberal regimes, privilege in state, church, and economy was cut back; there were analogous changes in the Ottoman world. Legal change did not always translate into substantive social change. Nonetheless, new conceptions of a largely autonomous ‘society’ developed, and new protocols were invented to relate state to ‘society’, often entailing use of tax status as a reference point for the allocation of rights and duties. The French Doctrinaires argued that the abolition of privilege made society ‘democratic’, posing the question, how was such a society best governed? By the middle of the nineteenth century, this conception was widely endorsed across southern Europe.

4. The modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-84
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Intellectual Discipline

Although we can view sociology as a disinterested intellectual discipline that stands aside from the world it observes, sociology is itself a symptom of the very things it describes. ‘The modern world’ summarizes what sociology sees as distinctive about the social formations that concern it, considering modernity, social order, social mobility, and postmodernity. The key sociological proposition that much of our world is inadvertent and unintended is important, not just for understanding why things do not go as planned, but also for understanding why things are as they are. This has serious policy implications, because if we misunderstand the causes of what concerns us, we misdirect our efforts to change it.

Spanish Imperial Vassalage and the Social Reproduction of Slavery in Colonial Cuba

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Karen Y. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Center Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract With the social reproduction of slavery in colonial Cuba as its center point, this essay draws on the recent historiographical acknowledgment of the way vassalage mediated the often starkly drawn social distinctions between whites and enslaved people within colonial Spanish America. Inside the region’s emergent, capitalist political economy, feudal vassalage continued to define each social sector’s rights and responsibilities vis-á-vis the Spanish Crown. The rights of enslaved vassals derived from their potential contributions to the Spanish monarchy’s imperial survival, in their capacity to populate the extensive empire with loyal Catholic subjects and potential military defenders. These concerns also justified the Spanish monarchial state’s ability to intervene between its slaveholding vassals and its enslaved vassals, by limiting private property rights over enslaved people and operating in ways that did not fully conform to capitalist profit motives. Awareness of such sovereign-vassal interdependencies challenges historians to broaden their understanding of the relationship between capitalism and slavery to include the remnants of feudal social-political forms, even into the nineteenth century.

Modern Media Communications in the Mechanism of Constructing Life Worlds

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Rashid Muhaev ◽  
Yuliya Laamarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post Industrial

The information and communication revolution of the late XX — early XXI century not only radically changed the modern world, but also formed a new social reality — a post-industrial society. The current stage of post-industrial development is associated with the formation of the information society, a distinctive feature of which is that in it information, the process of its production and methods of transmission, becomes more important than the thing itself. Information is a decisive factor in the social order, which has changed the ways and technologies of organizing social space and the nature of everyday practices, the life worlds of ordinary people, and the media become the main tool for the production of semantic systems.

‘No condition is permanent’: ethnic construction and the use of history in Akuapem

Africa ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Law Courts

AbstractThis article concerns a recent political crisis which led to the fragmentation, in the main along ethnic lines, of the small Ghanaian kingdom of Akuapem. The situation is complex, though one may choose to frame it too simply in terms of hegemony (Akan vis-à-vis Guan) or even as a double hegemony in the sense that arguments on both sides appeal to ‘modern’ notions, to law courts, the constitution and ‘freedom’, and to newspapers in order to propagandise a position rather than to appeal to the authority of ‘traditional’ arbitration, destoolment, ancestral shrines and gods. Ethnicity and identity are notions with many and ill-defined meanings that fragment when separated from the specific situations in which they are used or constructed. To examine ethnicity one must see how ethnicities are ‘entangled’ and relate to each other; one needs, too, an historical perspective, for, whatever selfhood was in the eighteenth or nineteenth century, it is obviously different today. The dense historical and ethnographic details in the article are essential to point to the shape of the social order and to reveal in all their complexity the factors behind the recent fighting and continuing tension in the kingdom.

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