scholarly journals Research results on expanding the conditions for the use of tractor-transport units on slope surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Additional Device ◽  
Surface Coupling

At present, in the Amur Region, there is a further increase in sown areas due to the introduction of slope lands into circulation, on which there is the possibility of cultivating agricultural crops. As a rule, such plots are assigned to small peasant farms, which use them mainly to create a fodder base for the livestock industry. At the same time, the main problem remains the complexity of the delivery of goods over rough terrain due to the presence in organizations mainly of wheeled monoblock tractors of traction class 1.4-2, in which, when driving on sloping surfaces, the traction and coupling properties declared the manufacturing plant. The presented article presents the results of studies to improve the traction and coupling properties of tractor-transport units (TTA) by installing an additional device that allows you to adjust the coupling weight in the chassis of the unit when driving in fields with a significant slope angle. Keywords: TRACTOR, TRACTION-COUPLING PROPERTIES, ENERGY MEANS, SOIL, SURFACE, COUPLING WEIGHT

scholarly journals Coffee straw mineralization applied to the soil surface

2019 ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
I.R. Bosa, P.A.V. Lo Monaco, I.R. Haddade, H.T. Barth, G.H.S. Vieira ◽  
C.M. Meneghelli ◽  
S. da Silva Berilli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Potential Use

The potential use of coffee straw (composed of outer skin, pulp and parchment) as fertilizer for agricultural crops implies the need to know the dynamics of their decomposition and release of the nutrients. This is to assist the farmers in the management of these residues, especially in the best time of its application in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of organic carbon and organic nitrogen during the coffee straw mineralization process, when applied superficially to a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, related to different post-disposal periods to the soil (0, 7, 13, 20, 27, 34, 48, 69, 98, 147 days) and four replications. Soil samples were collected to quantify the easily oxidized organic carbon (OCeo) and organic nitrogen (ON) contents and their respective mineralized fractions. The evaluation of OCeo mineralization, being more stable and less sensitive to climatic variations, is the most appropriate parameter to estimate the mineralized fraction of the residue. The application of coffee straw in a LVAd during the month of August provides, after 147 days, mineralized fractions of OCeo and ON around 88% and 36%, respectively, in the climatic conditions of the mountain region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

Estimation of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

A model for determining the potential and actual evapotranspiration from agricultural crops is presented. The model requires only a limited number of meteorological variables, i.e. global radiation, air temperature and precipitation. The vegetation is characterized by the crop surface area and the efficient root depth. The soil is characterized by the root zone capacity. The model simulates evaporation of intercepted water, evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration from plants. The evapotranspiration pressure (potential evapotranspiration) is divided between crop and soil by use of Beer's law.

scholarly journals Anti-erosion effectiveness of selected crops and the relation to leaf area index (LAI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klima ◽  
B. Wiśniowska-Kielian
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Soil Losses

This paper presents results of an experiment carried out in 2000&ndash;2003 in the mountain region (southern Poland, 545 m a.s.l.) to determine the effect of over-ground parts growth of fodder beet, winter triticale and horse bean on the intensity of soil losses. The research was conducted on the hillside with a 16% slope with the simulated rainfall (105 mm; 1.75 mm/min) applied at seven developmental stages of the plants. It was stated that soil protective efficiency of the fodder beet, horse bean and winter triticale started at about 60, 30 and 15% of covering the soil surface, respectively. The influence of over-ground parts of the plants (x) on the soil erosion (y) can describe the following regression equations: for fodder beet: y = &ndash;9.37x + 29.4 (R<sup>2</sup> =&nbsp;0.677; n = 82); for horse bean: y = &ndash;8.44x + 26.41 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.698; n = 96); for winter triticale: y = &ndash;4.98x + 15.61 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66; n&nbsp;= 112). The obtained results made possible verification of the nomograms determining the value of the C&nbsp;indicator (cropping factor, i.e. index of soil coverage and cultivation calculated as a ratio of soil mass eroded from the field covered with specific crop to mass of soil eroded from black fallow with a 9% slope angle) present in USLE equation (Universal Soil Losses Equation, method commonly recommended by FAO for studies on erosion) for tested plants under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Simulation of the rotary-screw vehicle motion on snow

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 17003
Author(s):  
Yan Arlauskas ◽  
Yuri Molev ◽  
Valentina Obrezkova ◽  
Valery Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Suspension Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Rotary Screw

The article presents the determination of oscillation parameters of the rotor-screw vehicle during motion on rough terrain. The study presented the dynamics of off-road vehicle movement. The dependence of the vehicle vibration characteristics on the mover geometry and suspension parameters was found. The experiment with the vehicle was performed. Analysis of the research results allows to conclude that the use of the suspension increases speed of the rotary-screw vehicle by 1.5 - 2.5 times. The developed model and obtained results will be useful in design of all-terrain vehicles.

The role of soil water repellency in overland flow generation in pine and eucalypt forest stands in coastal Portugal

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Keizer ◽  
C. O. A. Coelho ◽  
R. A. Shakesby ◽  
C. S. P. Domingues ◽  
M. C. Malvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Flow Generation

Soil water repellency is now known to occur in diverse soils in various parts of the world. One of the possible adverse effects of soil water repellency is that it can reduce infiltration capacity and hence, on sloping terrain, enhance overland flow and soil erosion. The main aim of the present work is to assess the effects of soil water repellency on surface runoff production in the inner coastal dune areas of central Portugal. This was done for a pine and a eucalypt forest stand and, within each stand, for 2 slopes with contrasting aspect and somewhat different slope angles. Overland flow was measured for 4 pairs of unbounded plots of about 5 m2 at fortnightly intervals from February to October 2001. Over the same period, soil water repellency at and immediately below the soil surface was measured next to the plots at monthly intervals. The runoff–repellency relationship was also studied by carrying out rainfall simulation experiments on 0.24-m2 plots and associated repellency measurements. The effect of soil water repellency was most clearly demonstrated by statistically significant higher runoff coefficients under strong-to-extremely than under none-to-slightly hydrophobic conditions immediately below the soil surface. Such a difference in runoff over the measurement period was, however, restricted to 2 unbounded plots, both of which were located on the eucalypt slope with a southerly aspect and the greater slope angle. At the scale of these plots, the increase in runoff coefficient due to soil water repellency is moderate, when integrated over the entire period of strong–extremely repellent conditions, but can be quite substantial for individual 2-weekly periods. With respect to the observed differences in runoff between plots, be it plots on the same slope or not, it has proved difficult to distinguish the effect of soil water repellency from that of other factors likely to affect overland flow generation.

scholarly journals A laboratory experimental system for infiltration studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Morbidelli ◽  
Carla Saltalippi ◽  
Alessia Flammini ◽  
Marco Cifrodelli ◽  
Corrado Corradini
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Surface Gradient ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Gradient Effects

The investigation of a few hydrological processes under natural conditions can be distorted by their interactions. In this context, a laboratory system that allows a few mechanisms of the infiltration process to be studied univocally is presented. The core component of the system is a physical model consisting of a soil tank with slope angle, γ, adjustable from 1 ° to 15 °. A generator of artificial rainfall can produce rainfall rates up to 50 mm h−1. Surface runoff and deep flow, Qd, are continuously monitored. An overall analysis of three previous investigations performed by the physical system and directed to clarify the infiltration process is also briefly reported. These investigations, that concerned the validation of a local conceptual model for erratic rainfalls, the role of run-on and the effects of sloping soil surfaces, were all carried out by using different configurations of the system. Great slope effects in bare soils were observed. For example, under steady conditions, a ratio Qd(γ = 1°) / Qd(γ = 10°) equal to about 4 was observed in a loam soil. Finally, on the basis of the acquired knowledge, further investigations to be realized with the same basic elements are proposed to derive a conceptual model that describes the soil surface gradient effects.

scholarly journals Determining the drivers for snow gliding

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1891-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Fromm ◽  
Sonja Baumgärtner ◽  
Georg Leitinger ◽  
Erich Tasser ◽  
Peter Höller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Static Friction Coefficient ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow gliding is a key factor for snow-glide avalanche formation and soil erosion. This study considers atmospheric and snow variables, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties and determines their relevance for snow gliding at a test site (Wildkogel, Upper Pinzgau, Austria) during winter 2014/2015. The time-dependent data were collected at a high temporal resolution. In addition to conventional sensors, a “snow melt analyzer” was used. The analysis shows that the soil temperature 10 cm below the surface, the phytomass of mosses, the liquid water content in the snowpack, and the static friction coefficient of the glide shoes had significant influence on snow gliding during the whole winter. In the first period (October to January) the soil moisture at the surface and 1.5 cm below the surface and the length of the slope uphill of the glide shoes affected the snow gliding, too. In the second period (February to May) the soil temperature at the surface, the soil moisture 10 cm below the surface, and the slope angle had additional influence on snow gliding. The role of the vegetation in the snow-glide process is determined by the influence on the static friction coefficient caused by its composition and characteristics and by moss-rich and short-stemmed canopies being seemingly more interconnected with the snowpack. In addition to the soil and snow properties, the topography and the vegetation characteristics, further investigations may be focused on the freezing and melting processes in the uppermost soil layers and at the soil surface.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of formation of a microdispersed spray by the cup rotary atomizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Ivan Sidorenko ◽  
Peter Dogoda ◽  
Alexander Mashkov
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Working Element

This article is devoted to the study of the movement of a single drop inside an air-liquid jet formed by a cup atomizer. The relevance of the research topic is proved. The problem, which has been identified, is about using modern fan sprayers for chemical protection of agricultural crops, in particular, orchards and vineyards. As for mechanical spraying, the process of movement of the droplet inside the torch, the trajectory of droplet flight, as well as the dependence of these indicators on the parameters of the rotary atomizers are currently very little studied. Therefore, this article considers the laws describing the movement of one droplet on the surface of the rotating working element and one droplet flight in atmospheric air after escape from the surface of the rotary atomizer’s cup. Research results are presented as the equations describing the dependence of the torch boundaries on the parameters of the rotary cup atomizer.

scholarly journals Profil dan Permasalahan Peternakan

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yusmichad Yusdja ◽  
Nyak Ilham ◽  
Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Global Markets ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Research Results

<strong>English</strong><br />Livestock industry in Indonesia is prosperous despite some constraints. The objective of this paper is to critically review livestock industry development in the country. Assessment was based on Statistical Center Agency data, research results, and many opinions to describe the present livestock industry. Assessment was focused on problems identification faced by the livestock industry in connection with domestic and global markets.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kondisi peternak di Indonesia saat ini memberikan janji masa depan yang baik sekalipun masih banyak persoalan yang dihadapi.Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah melakukan review secara kritis terhadap perkembangan industri peternakan  di Indonesia. Kajian berdasarkan data BPS dan review literatur hasil penelitian dan pemikiran berbagai pihak dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan keadaan industri peternakan dan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi saat ini. Fokus kajian adalah mengidentifikasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh industri permintaan dikaitkan dengan permintaan dalam pasar domestik dan global.

Contributions to the mechanisms of mitosis and roles of cytoplasmic microtubules from ultrastructural analyses of fungi

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
I. Brent Heath
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organelle Motility ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Detailed ultrastructural analysis of fungal mitotic systems and cytoplasmic microtubules might be expected to contribute to a number of areas of general interest in addition to the direct application to the organisms of study. These areas include possibly fundamental general mechanisms of mitosis; evolution of mitosis; phylogeny of organisms; mechanisms of organelle motility and positioning; characterization of cellular aspects of microtubule properties and polymerization control features. This communication is intended to outline our current research results relating to selected parts of the above questions.Mitosis in the oomycetes Saprolegnia and Thraustotheca has been described previously. These papers described simple kinetochores and showed that the kineto- chores could probably be used as markers for the poorly defined chromosomes. Kineto- chore counts from serially sectioned prophase mitotic nuclei show that kinetochore replication precedes centriole replication to yield a single hemispherical array containing approximately the 4 n number of kinetochore microtubules diverging from the centriole associated "pocket" region of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 1).

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