Kinetics and exergy analysis of pyro-gas from residual tyres

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 795-811
Author(s):  
P. Rajkumar ◽  
◽  
Dr. S. Murugavelh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Model Free

About1.5 billion tyres are manufactured every year and enormous quantity of the tyres end up in trash. Waste rubber tyres possess calorific value around 39- 42 MJkg-1which makes it an attractive choice for pyrolysis process. The aim of the present work is to convert residual tyres into energy reach pyro-gas. A single column fixed bed batch pyrolyzer was designed pyrolysis of residual tyres. The residual tyres were ground into fine powder. The characterization of powdered residual tyres was performed with elemental analyser to determine the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis of the residual tyres was conducted at different heating rates viz., 5 °C min-1, 10 °C min-1, 15 °C min-1 to elucidate the thermal degradation profile. The thermal cracking of a residual tyres was conducted at temperature range of 450 °C to 550 °C with increment of 50 °C. Pyro-gas was measured individually for each trail and the exergy was determined using thermodynamic laws. Four different model-free methods were employed to estimate the kinetic parameter such as activation energy and order of the reaction. The average activation energy from Friedman model was evaluated to be 127.35 kJ mol-1. A maximum of 52.11% of Pyro-oil was reported at 550 °C. The maximum energy and exergy were 5.49 MJ kg-1 and 4.92 MJ kg-1 respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Epoxy Poly Glycidyl Nitrate as an Energetic Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Masoud Mohamadi Vala ◽  
Yadollah Bayat ◽  
Mohammad Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Model Free

An energetic binder epoxy poly glycidyl nitrate (e-PGN) with a molecular weight of about 1244 gr/mol was synthesised via end modified poly glycidyl nitrate (PGN) is presented in the paper. This structure was characterised by the number of epoxy groups, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal degradation behavior of e-PGN was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured to determine the compatibility of energetic plasticizer with the binder in the mixture of plasticizer/binder and compared with the results of e-PGN, and initial decomposition temperature in e-PGN was studied using the DSC method. The DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature of a mixture of 20 % Bu-NENA/e-PGN mixture (Tg = −56 °C) was lower than e-PGN (Tg = −37.78 °C) that shows the most compatible plasticizer is Bu-NENA. The activation energy of degradation e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were calculated with DSC by the model-free methods and compared with the results of AKTS software in version 3.51(2013-07-10). The activation energy of exothermic decomposition of the e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were calculated by the Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Starink, and AAdvanced kinetics and technology solutions (Friedman) methods. Finally, the half-life prediction of the e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were investigated.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Sunan Candlenut: The Effect of Using Iron Oxide, Zeolite and ZSM-5 as Bed Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
I Made Rajendra ◽  
I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya ◽  
Ainul Ghurri ◽  
I Ketut Gede Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Bed Materials ◽  
Bed Material

The purpose of bed material in the pyrolysis process is to reduce the need for heat energy. In this study, three kinds of sands were observed as bed material, namely iron oxide, zeolite, and ZSM-5 in the slow fixed bed pyrolysis of sunan candlenut oilcake (SCO). To evaluate the activation energy, pyrolytic kinetics were carried out using the iso-conversional method with the KAS, OFW, and Friedman models. They involved calculating the data from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test at heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 K/min. Furthermore, the results showed that SCO had a high volatile content of 82.80%, alongside a calorific value of 26.93 MJ/kg. The calculation results showed that the activation energy of SCO was 169.140 kJ/mol which decreased 1.45% in the KAS model, and 1.92% in the OFW model with the addition of ZSM-5 bed material. Therefore, the use of ZSM-5 bed material in the pyrolysis process reduces the activation energy.

Determination of activation energy during the thermal degradation of Polyamide 66/glass fiber composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-966
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Azimi ◽  
Pardis Abedifard
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Isoconversional Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Isokinetic Relationship ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Model Free

The objective of this study was to clarify the mechanical properties and the non-isothermal degradation kinetics of Polyamide 66 (PA 66)/glass fiber (GF) composites. The non-isothermal degradation behavior of the samples was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen purge. The perfect compatibility of GFs with polymer matrix in composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that with increasing content of GFs in samples due to good distribution of fibers in PA 66, the degradation temperature and calculated activation energy in composites increased in all heating rates. The activation energy was calculated by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method (isoconversional method). It was concluded that the model-free methods can be a reliable way to determine the kinetic parameters. Furthermore, the isokinetic relationship was used to estimate a model-independent pre-exponential factor (ln A) corresponding to a given degree of conversion.

Thermo-catalytic decomposition of polystyrene waste: Comparative analysis using different kinetic models

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Ali ◽  
Jan Nisar ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Afzal Shah ◽  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Model Free

Due to a huge increase in polymer production, a tremendous increase in municipal solid waste is observed. Every year the existing landfills for disposal of waste polymers decrease and the effective recycling techniques for waste polymers are getting more and more important. In this work pyrolysis of waste polystyrene was performed in the presence of a laboratory synthesized copper oxide. The samples were pyrolyzed at different heating rates that is, 5°Cmin−1, 10°Cmin−1, 15°Cmin−1 and 20°Cmin−1 in a thermogravimetric analyzer in inert atmosphere using nitrogen. Thermogravimetric data were interpreted using various model fitting (Coats–Redfern) and model free methods (Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman). Thermodynamic parameters for the reaction were also determined. The activation energy calculated applying Coats–Redfern, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman models were found in the ranges 105–148.48 kJmol−1, 99.41–140.52 kJmol−1, 103.67–149.15 kJmol−1 and 99.93–141.25 kJmol−1, respectively. The lowest activation energy for polystyrene degradation in the presence of copper oxide indicates the suitability of catalyst for the decomposition reaction to take place at lower temperature. Moreover, the obtained kinetics and thermodynamic parameters would be very helpful in determining the reaction mechanism of the solid waste in a real system.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the reaction kinetics of three residual biomasses

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2891-2905
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Martinez ◽  
Lourdes Meriño ◽  
Alberto Albis ◽  
Jorge Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Biomass Residues

Kinetic analysis for the combustion of three agro-industrial biomass residues (coconut husk, corn husk, and rice husk) was carried out in order to provide information for the generation of energy from them. The analysis was performed using the results of the data obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three heating rates (10, 20, and 30 K/min). The biomass residues were characterized in terms of proximate analysis, elemental analysis, calorific value, lignin content, α-cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and holocellulose content. The biomass fuels were thermally degraded in an oxidative atmosphere. The results showed that the biomass thermal degradation process is comprised of the combustion of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The kinetic parameters of the distributed activation energy model indicated that the activation energy distribution for the pseudocomponents follows lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in descending order. The activation energy values for each set of reactions are similar between the heating rates, which suggests that it is independent of the heating rate between 10 K/min and 30 K/min. For all the biomass samples, the increased heating rate resulted in the overlap of the hemicellulose and cellulose degradation events.

scholarly journals CO2 Gasification Kinetics of Shenhua Bituminous Coal by Isothermal Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhi Zhang ◽  
Zhiqi Wang ◽  
Ruidong Zhao ◽  
Jinhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Compensation Relationship

Abstract This research performed the gasification kinetics of three Shenhua coal under CO2 atmosphere using isothermal thermogravimetry. Results showed that isothermal gasification curves for three different coal samples revealed different gasification behaviour. Among the eleven kinetic models, A2 was the most suitable one to describe the gasification kinetics of three coal samples, because it can reproduce the experimental data very well with reasonable correlation coefficients. The activation energy for sample A, B and C were 95.9, 79.1, and 69.4 kJ mol-1, respectively. The activation energy decreased with the increase of the particle size. The compensation relationship was observed between activation energy and frequency factor, and the mathematical expression was lnA=0.1041 E+0.54028 with the correlation coefficients of 0.999.

MODEL FREE KINETICS ANALYSIS OF IMPERATA CYLINDRICA (LALANG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olagoke Oladokun ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Syie Luing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Isoconversional Methods ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study is the first attempt at investigating the solid state decomposition and the devolatilization kinetics of Imperata cylindrica (lalang) grass termed the “farmer’s nightmare weed” as a potential solid biofuel of the future. Biomass conversion technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification can be utilized for future green energy needs. However an important step in the efficient utilization and process optimizing of biomass conversion processes is understanding the thermal decomposition kinetics of the feedstock. Consequently, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of Imperata cylindrica was carried out in the temperature range of 30-1000 °C at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min-1 using Nitrogen at a flow rate of 20 L min-1 as purge gas. Using the TGA results, the kinetic parameters activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential frequency factor (ko) of the grass were estimated via the model free or isoconversional methods of Kissinger and Starink. The results obtained for Kissinger model were 151.36 kJ moI-1 and 5.83 x 109 min-1 for activation energy and pre-exponential frequency factor respectively. However, Starink model activation energy and pre-exponential frequency factor were a function of conversion (α) with average values of 159.93 kJ mol-1 and 6.33 x 1022 min-1 respectively. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document