scholarly journals Recent Developments In Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1487-1498
Author(s):  
Angkita Bardhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview in the recent developments of Blockchain in various fields. In this paper, the storage structure of Blockchain is considered and how it differs from a database is discussed. Decentralization, transparency, Blockchain security, the relation of Bitcoin and Banks with Blockchain are all to consider. Uses of Blockchain, the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain etc. discussed further. While the developments are reaching its peak each day, it is an important point which gives us the prediction that the Blockchain is going to give a future of higher achievements.

scholarly journals A Study Wireless Communication Domain

2011 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Sangram Routray ◽  
Lalit M. Satapathy ◽  
Sanjib k. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments

Wireless communication seem destined to make a large and continuing impact on our lives. Recent developments in wireless technologies provide a new channel for implementation of embedded systems with remote access for mobile and non-mobile products and services. Several wireless technologies are available with their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper examines several available short-range wireless technologies and evaluates them for embedded systems.

scholarly journals Electrodeposited Biocoatings, Their Properties and Fabrication Technologies: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zielinski ◽  
Michal Bartmanski
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Cathodic Deposition ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Cathodic Electrodeposition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Electrodeposited Coatings ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Of Art

Coatings deposited under an electric field are applied for the surface modification of biomaterials. This review is aimed to characterize the state-of-art in this area with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of used methods, process determinants, and properties of coatings. Over 170 articles, published mainly during the last ten years, were chosen, and reviewed as the most representative. The most recent developments of metallic, ceramic, polymer, and composite electrodeposited coatings are described focusing on their microstructure and properties. The direct cathodic electrodeposition, pulse cathodic deposition, electrophoretic deposition, plasma electrochemical oxidation in electrolytes rich in phosphates and calcium ions, electro-spark, and electro-discharge methods are characterized. The effects of electrolyte composition, potential and current, pH, and temperature are discussed. The review demonstrates that the most popular are direct and pulse cathodic electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition. The research is mainly aimed to introduce new coatings rather than to investigate the effects of process parameters on the properties of deposits. So far tests aim to enhance bioactivity, mechanical strength and adhesion, antibacterial efficiency, and to a lesser extent the corrosion resistance.

Critical Comparison of Structured Contactors for Adsorption-Based Gas Separations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J.A. DeWitt ◽  
Anshuman Sinha ◽  
Jayashree Kalyanaraman ◽  
Fengyi Zhang ◽  
Matthew J. Realff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gas Separations ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Temperature Swing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Temperature Swing Adsorption

Recent advances in adsorptive gas separations have focused on the development of porous materials with high operating capacity and selectivity, useful parameters that provide early guidance during the development of new materials. Although this material-focused work is necessary to advance the state of the art in adsorption science and engineering, a substantial problem remains: how to integrate these materials into a fixed bed to efficiently utilize the separation. Structured sorbent contactors can help manage kinetic and engineering factors associated with the separation, including pressure drop, sorption enthalpy effects, and external heat integration (for temperature swing adsorption, or TSA). In this review, we discuss monoliths and fiber sorbents as the two main classes of structured sorbent contactors; recent developments in their manufacture; advantages and disadvantages of each structure relative to each other and to pellet packed beds; recent developments in system modeling; and finally, critical needs in this area of research.

scholarly journals Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herrojo ◽  
Paredes ◽  
Mata-Contreras ◽  
Martín
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Radiofrequency Identification ◽  
Application Specific

In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology is carried out. This recent technology may provide low cost tags as long as these tags are not equipped with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Nevertheless, chipless-RFID presents a series of technological challenges that have been addressed by different research groups in the last decade. One of these challenges is to increase the data storage capacity of tags, in order to be competitive with optical barcodes, or even with chip-based RFID tags. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to properly clarify the advantages and disadvantages of chipless-RFID technology. Moreover, since the coding information is an important aspect in such technology, the different coding techniques, as well as the main figures of merit used to compare different chipless-RFID tags, will be analyzed.

Recent Advances in Inhaled Formulations and Pulmonary Insulin Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haofan Liu ◽  
Xiaosong Shan ◽  
Jiaojiao Yu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Liandong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Hypodermic Injection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Recent Developments

Insulin (INS) therapy played a great role in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to regulate blood glucose levels. Although hypodermic injection was commonly used for insulin delivery, it had some disadvantages such as pain, needle phobia and the risk of infection. Therefore, pulmonary insulin delivery had been developed as an alternative method to overcome the therapeutic challenges in recent years since pulmonary insulin administration showed great improvements in rapid action and circumvention of first-pass hepatic metabolism. This review described the most recent developments in pulmonary insulin administration. Firstly, the structure and physiology of the lung cavity were introduced. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of pulmonary administration were discussed. Then some new dosage forms for pulmonary insulin were investigated including carriers based on surfactants and carriers based on polymers. Finally, innovate insulin inhalers and formulations were also described.

Methods for identification, quantification and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchitra Godbole
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Energy Storage Material

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are the polymers of hydroxyalkanoates that accumulate as a carbon/energy storage material in various microorganisms. PHAs have been attracting considerable attention as biodegradable substitutes for conventional polymers, because of their similar material properties to conventional plastics. A number of review articles on the general features of PHAs, the physiology, genetics and molecular biology, the development of PHAs having novel monomer constituents, production processes, biodegradation of PHAs are available. Recently much effort has been devoted to develop a process for the economical production of PHAs. The isolation, analysis and characterization of PHAs are important factors for any process development. A number of methods have been developed for the analysis of PHAs. This paper is an effort to compile the methods available for the identification, quantitative estimation and characterization of PHAs. The methods described in this paper include- staining reactions, spectrophotometric methods, infrared and FTIR spectroscopy, HPLC, gas chromatography and GC-MS analysis, NMR spectroscopy, flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry, molecular weight determination and thermal analysis. The methods have been discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. Recent developments in the analysis of PHAs have also been discussed.

Recent developments on the realization of fractance device

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1831-1852
Author(s):  
Battula T. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Constant Phase Element ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Active Networks ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The People ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fractional Order Differentiator ◽  
Order Element

Abstract A detailed analysis of the recent developments on the realization of fractance device is presented. A fractance device which is used to exhibit fractional order impedance properties finds applications in many branches of science and engineering. Realization of fractance device is a challenging job for the people working in this area. A term fractional order element, constant phase element, fractor, fractance, fractional order differintegrator, fractional order differentiator can be used interchangeably. In general, a fractance device can be realized in two ways. One is using rational approximations and the other is using capacitor physical realization principle. In this paper, an attempt is made to summarize the recent developments on the realization of fractance device. The various mathematical approximations are studied and a comparative analysis is also performed using MATLAB. Fourth order approximation is selected for the realization. The passive and active networks synthesized are simulated using TINA software. Various physical realizations of fractance device, their advantages and disadvantages are mentioned. Experimental results coincide with simulated results.

scholarly journals Recent developments in cell-based ENS regeneration – a short review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Florian Obermayr ◽  
Guido Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cell Sources

AbstractTherapeutic options to treat neurogenic motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are usually limited to symptomatic treatment. The capacity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) to regenerate and the fact that progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system reside in the postnatal and adult gut led to the idea to develop cell-based strategies to treat ENS related disorders. This short review focuses on recent developments in cell-based ENS regeneration, discussing advantages and disadvantages of various cell sources, functional impact of transplanted cells and highlights the challenges of translation of small animal studies to human application.

scholarly journals Vitreous Substitutes: Old and New Materials in Vitreoretinal Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Alovisi ◽  
Claudio Panico ◽  
Ugo de Sanctis ◽  
Chiara M. Eandi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Vitreous Substitutes

Recent developments in vitreoretinal surgery have increased the need for suitable vitreous substitutes. A successful substitute should maintain all the physical and biochemical properties of the original vitreous, be easy to manipulate, and be long lasting. Substitutes can be gaseous or liquid, both of which have associated advantages and disadvantages related to their physical properties and use. Furthermore, new surgical techniques with smaller vitreoretinal instruments have driven the use of more viscous substitutes. In this review, we analyze and discuss the most frequently used vitreous substitutes and look ahead to future alternatives. We classify these compounds based on their composition and structure, discuss their clinical use with respect to their associated advantages and disadvantages, and analyze how new vitreoretinal surgical techniques have modified their use.

scholarly journals Vapour phase soldering (VPS) technology: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Illés ◽  
Attila Géczy ◽  
Bálint Medgyes ◽  
Gábor Harsányi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Reflow Soldering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments

Purpose This paper aims to present a review of the recent developments in vapour phase soldering (VPS) technology. This study focuses on the following topics: recent developments of the technology, i.e. soft and vacuum VPS; measurement and characterization methods of vapour space, i.e. temperature and pressure; numerical simulation of the VPS soldering process, i.e. condensate layer and solder joint formation; and quality and reliability studies of the solder joints prepared by VPS, i.e. void content and microstructure of the solder joints. Design/methodology/approach This study was written according to the results of a wide literature review about the substantial previous works in the past decade and according to the authors’ own results. Findings Up to now, a part of the electronics industry believes that the reflow soldering with VPS method is a significant alternative of convection and infrared technologies. The summarized results of the field in this study support this idea. Research limitations/implications This literature review provides engineers and researchers with understanding of the limitations and application possibilities of the VPS technology and the current challenges in soldering technology. Originality/value This paper summarizes the most important advantages and disadvantages of VPS technology compared to the other reflow soldering methods, as well as points out the necessary further developments and possible research directions.

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