scholarly journals Hyper spectral and Geochemical Signatures Study on Late Archeaen of Indian High Grade Manganese Deposits in Halekal Band of Bhahaddurghatta-Hosahatty Village, Chitradurga Schist Belt (Csb), Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
Basavarajappa H.T ◽  
◽  
Manjunatha M.C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Schist Belt ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Hyperspectral Signatures ◽  
Chemical Characters

Manganese is one of the most widely distributed elements in the earth’s crust and mapping of these deposit are of high economic interest. Manganese occurs as diverse genetic types that is vital for iron and steel production. It occurs usually in the form of oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and silicate which is an important raw material for iron, steel industry, chief manufacturer of chemicals and dry cells in the form of manganese dioxides. Advanced analysis of hyperspectral signatures and GPS applications have opened a newest approach in exploration and systematic mapping of economic ore deposits. The present study aims to integrate the hyperspectral signatures with major elements of manganese ore deposits of Halekal band in Bhahaddurghatta-Hosahatty village of Chitradurga Schist Belt. The samples collected from field are studied in the laboratory using thin and polished sections under microscope and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Efforts are created to assess the spectral signatures of four representative random ore samples collected and analyzed through ASD Spectro-radiometer instrument operative in Visible and InfraRed (325 to 2500 nm) region with concentration of major elements. This study clearly demonstrated and documented the spectral absorption features of the selected rock samples in the study area mainly depend on the optical and physico-chemical characters of the rock and major elemental composition as well as mineral constituents of the samples.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

Integrated Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for a Large-Scale Iron and Steel Corporation in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 942-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Li ◽  
Yin Xue Cao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Methodology ◽  
Steel Corporation

This paper constructs an optimization model about carbon dioxide emissions problem for production process of a large-scale iron and steel corporation in China. Then how to realize maximal profits of corporation is studied under the subjective conditions about production, raw material supply and emissions abatement amount. And the optimized production structure in accordance with production benefits and environment benefits are obtained by non linear programming methodology. Finally the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of steel production are compared with the level of whole China and developed countries, and how to utilize the byproducts of coal gas for multipurpose is also discussed.

Ceramic Proppants Based on Ultrabasic Rocks of Kazakhstan Chromite Ore Deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
A.A. Biryukova ◽  
T.D. Dzhienalyev ◽  
A.V. Boronina
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chrome Spinel ◽  
Overburden Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

The purpose of the work is the obtaining of magnesium silicate ceramic proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks of Kempirsai deposits of chromite ores (Kazakhstan). The chemical and mineralogical composition of ultrabasic overburden rock was studied by chemical, microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyzes. It is established that the main mineral of ultrabasic overburden rocks is serpentine, present in the form of fibrous chrysotile and lamellar antigorite. In the impurities are iron oxides and hydroxides, chrome spinel, carbonates, quartz. Assessment of the use of overburden rocks as a raw material for the production of ceramic proppants was carried out. The sintering interval of overburden rocks was determined at 1280-1300 °C. The sintering firing optimum temperature of ceramics, based on this type of raw material is 1300 °C. It is established that to harden the structure of magnesium silicate ceramic it is necessary to activate the raw material thermally at a temperature of 1000 °C. The influence of binder type on the properties of magnesium silicate proppants, based on the Kempirsai serpentinites was studied. Magnesium silicate proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks, were obtained with the following properties: apparent density – 1.6 g/cm3, strength resistance (52 MPa) – 14%, sphericity and roundness – 0.8; chemical resistance (hydrochloric acid) – 98%, static strength of the fraction 16/20 - 72–118 N/granule. The field of application is oil and gas production, metallurgy and ceramic industries.

Fundamental Characterisation of Dredged Marine Sediments from Kuala Perlis Jetty by XRF, XRD and FTIR

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhashimah Ramli ◽  
Mohammad Hafizuddin Haji Jumali ◽  
Wan Safizah Wan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dredged Marine Sediment ◽  
Primary Mineral ◽  
Us Epa

Dredging along Kuala Perlis Jetty results in huge amount of marine sediments which has thrown considerable challenge for disposal. This research was conducted to characterize dredged marine sediment which was collected at Kuala Perlis Jetty as potential raw material for brick production. Three different characterizations were performed namely XRF, XRD and FTIR. XRF analysis showed the presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 as major quantities. Low concentration of heavy metals namely As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn presence in the sediment comply the US EPA guideline for brick production. XRD analysis indicated the presence of quartz as primary mineral while kaolinite and illite also present as secondary and ternary phases. FTIR analysis identified various form of minerals presence in the samples which strongly supported XRD results.

Preparation of Iron Carbide from High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Guang Qiang Li ◽  
Heng Hui Wang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Jiang Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Iron Carbide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Hematite Ore ◽  
Oolitic Hematite Ore ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to find a new way to utilize the high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore as raw material for steelmaking, the reduction and carburization of high phosphorus oolitic hematite by the gas of CH4-H2were studied. High phosphorus oolitic hematite, reduction and carburization products were investigated by the means of XRD and scanning electron microscope. The SEM-EDS and XRD analysis show that the main compositions of this ore are hematite and quartz, main microstructure is oolitic cluster with the zonal distribution of hematite and apatite, and iron carbide can be prepared from high phosphorus oolitic hematite.

scholarly journals Management of Lime in Steel

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Manocha ◽  
François Ponchon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Refractory Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Sourcing

The EU28 total lime demand in 2017 was estimated at about 20 million tons, out of which about 40% are consumed in the iron and steel industry. Steel remains the major consumer after environment and construction. The lime industry is quite mature and consolidated in developed countries, with enough reserves and production to serve regional markets while being fragmented in developing nations where steel producers rely on local sourcing. There is relatively very little trade for lime worldwide. Lime has a critical role at different steps of the steelmaking process, and especially to make a good slag facilitating the removal of sulphur and phosphorus, and for providing a safer platform to withstand high intensity arc plasma in the electric arc furnace (EAF), and violent reactions in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Lime quality and quantity has a direct effect on slag quality, which affects metallurgical results, refractory life, liquid metal yield, and productivity, and therefore the total cost of the steel production. In this paper, we present the importance of careful selection in the limestone and calcination process, which influences critical lime quality characteristics. We shall further elaborate on the impact of lime characteristics in the optimization of the steelmaking process, metallurgical benefits, overall cost impact, potential savings, and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Technogenic wastes and ecological problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Anvar Aliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Technogenic Contamination ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Technogenic Wastes

The northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus encompasses the western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is characterized with a prevalence of unique flora and fauna and the availability of rich natural resources, particularly metals. It is known that the long-term exploitation of these resources by surface mining has led to technogenic contamination in the area. Exploitation of ore deposits is associated with the origination of huge hills of waste which cause heavy degradation of pastures, forests, and croplands. A significant part of widely degraded areas in the northeastern Lesser Caucasus is found in the territory of the Gedabek administrative district. This paper deals with the problem of restoration for contaminated lands formed due to raw material extraction on territory of valuable mountain forests and meadows over a long historical period as well as the use of collected technogenic wastes for different purposes (e.g. in land reclamation, construction of motorways etc.).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF IRON SAND PROCESSING INTO SPONGE IRON IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF STEEL RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sovian Aritonang ◽  
Jupriyanto Jupriyanto ◽  
Riyadi Juhana
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Iron Sponge ◽  
The Government

<p>The number of iron sand reserves is mostly spread in the coastal waters of Indonesia, from the coast of Sumatra, the southern of Java to Bali, the beaches of Sulawesi, beaches in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and the northern coast of Papua. Total reserves for ore are 173,810,612 tons and metal as much as 25,412,652.62 tons. But its utilization was not optimal because PT. Krakatau Steel, and PT. Krakatau Posco has produced steel plates only 24,000 to 36,000 tons per year. While the need for steel plates for the shipping industry each year requires 900,000 tons per year. With the need for raw material for steel plates in the form of iron sponges with Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel is still imported from abroad. The proof is PT. Krakatau Steel before and during the year 2000 still imported Iron Ore Pellets from the countries of Sweden, Chille and Brazil for 3,500,000 tons per year. This condition is the cause of the national steel industry unable to compete with the foreign steel industry because imported raw materials are subject to import duties. This is an opportunity to build a steel raw material company because all this time the steel raw material industry in Indonesia has only two companies. This condition encourages the manufacture of iron sponges, with the process of making iron sponges with technology adapted to installed production capacity. This study analysed the manufacture of iron sponges using Cipatujah iron sand, as raw material for the manufacture of iron sponges, with the results obtained in the form of iron sponges with the highest levels of Fe ≥60.44%. This can be used for the purposes of raw materials for steel making PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), because so far PT. KS claims that Fe &lt;60% local sponge iron products. This can encourage the independence of steel raw materials, which impacts on the independence of the defence industry. But the government must also protect and prioritize steel raw materials for national production for national steel production. With the national government steel industry, the consortium of vendors supplying raw material (iron sponge) to maintain the quality and supply of continuous sponge iron.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: iron sand, iron pellet, iron sponge</p>

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