scholarly journals Management of Lime in Steel

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Manocha ◽  
François Ponchon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Refractory Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Sourcing

The EU28 total lime demand in 2017 was estimated at about 20 million tons, out of which about 40% are consumed in the iron and steel industry. Steel remains the major consumer after environment and construction. The lime industry is quite mature and consolidated in developed countries, with enough reserves and production to serve regional markets while being fragmented in developing nations where steel producers rely on local sourcing. There is relatively very little trade for lime worldwide. Lime has a critical role at different steps of the steelmaking process, and especially to make a good slag facilitating the removal of sulphur and phosphorus, and for providing a safer platform to withstand high intensity arc plasma in the electric arc furnace (EAF), and violent reactions in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Lime quality and quantity has a direct effect on slag quality, which affects metallurgical results, refractory life, liquid metal yield, and productivity, and therefore the total cost of the steel production. In this paper, we present the importance of careful selection in the limestone and calcination process, which influences critical lime quality characteristics. We shall further elaborate on the impact of lime characteristics in the optimization of the steelmaking process, metallurgical benefits, overall cost impact, potential savings, and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals A review of end-point carbon prediction for BOF steelmaking process

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 653-662
Author(s):  
Zhou Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Shizhong Wei
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Dynamic Prediction ◽  
End Point ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Precise Prediction

AbstractThe precise prediction of end-point carbon content in liquid steel plays a critical role in increasing productivity as well as energy efficiency that can be achieved in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process. Due to numerous and diversity of the studies on BOF end-point carbon prediction, it seems necessary to provide a comprehensive literature review on state-of-the-art developments in end-point carbon prediction for BOF steelmaking. This paper presents the characteristics of different end-point carbon prediction models. The end-point carbon prediction for BOF steelmaking has initially relied on the experience and skill of the operators. With the development of information technology and auto-detection methods, BOF end-point carbon prediction mainly has gone through three stages, such as static prediction, dynamic prediction, and intelligent prediction. Future contributions to the development and application of intelligent end-point carbon prediction in BOF steelmaking are still arduous tasks. However, it is envisaged that the intelligent end-point carbon prediction will witness more frequent applications and greatly improve the high-quality, high-efficiency, and stable production for BOF steelmaking in the future.

scholarly journals Decarbonization of the Iron and Steel Industry with Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Green Hydrogen

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Bhaskar ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Direct Reduction Of Iron

Production of iron and steel releases seven percent of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Incremental changes in present primary steel production technologies would not be sufficient to meet the emission reduction targets. Replacing coke, used in the blast furnaces as a reducing agent, with hydrogen produced from water electrolysis has the potential to reduce emissions from iron and steel production substantially. Mass and energy flow model based on an open-source software (Python) has been developed in this work to explore the feasibility of using hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (HDRI) coupled with electric arc furnace (EAF) for carbon-free steel production. Modeling results show that HDRI-EAF technology could reduce specific emissions from steel production in the EU by more than 35 % , at present grid emission levels (295 kgCO2/MWh). The energy consumption for 1 ton of liquid steel (tls) production through the HDRI-EAF route was found to be 3.72 MWh, which is slightly more than the 3.48 MWh required for steel production through the blast furnace (BF) basic oxygen furnace route (BOF). Pellet making and steel finishing processes have not been considered. Sensitivity analysis revealed that electrolyzer efficiency is the most important factor affecting the system energy consumption, while the grid emission factor is strongly correlated with the overall system emissions.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FERROUS METALLURGY OF UKRAINE IN THE MEDIUM-TERM AND LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-29
Author(s):  
A.I. Babachenko ◽  
L.G. Tuboltsev
Keyword(s):  
Desirability Function ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to identify current trends in metallurgical technologies, taking into account environmental problems. The world is undergoing major changes in environmental policy, which has become an integral part of industrial policy and international trade. The analysis shows a certain connection between the increase in Earth's temperature and the growth of steel production in the world. Therefore, the Paris Climate Agreement, which was supported by most industrialized countries, is based on the idea of limiting and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by industrial enterprises. On the one hand, industrial emissions undoubtedly affect the ecological state of the environment. On the other hand, a sharp reduction in production emissions significantly increases financial costs. In the world, environmental requirements for metallurgical processes are gaining such a level that threatens the prospects for the development of metallurgy. It is shown that the choice of the optimal path of ecological development requires the search for new solutions to increase the level of implementation of ecological innovations by Ukrainian enterprises. To identify the impact of production technologies of different types of metallurgical products, the method of expert-mathematical evaluation using the Harrington desirability function was used. It is shown that for rolled products the rating means «satisfactory» or «good». The situation with the production of iron ore, pig iron and steel is worse - here a comprehensive assessment shows the value of «unsatisfactory» and «satisfactory». This thesis is confirmed by the fact that investments of ecological orientation of the Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises are now directed on improvement of ecological indicators in the specified directions. Prospects for the development of metallurgy in Ukraine should be associated with the implementation of new technical solutions, in particular those developments that are in the stage of exploratory research and experimental samples. Scientific developments of the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, aimed at reducing energy consumption and improving the environmental performance of metallurgical production

scholarly journals Design of Green Tax System Plan for China’s Automobile Products and Evaluation on Environmental Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Lulu Huo ◽  
Yonghe Huang ◽  
Kexin Liu ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Neutrality ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The green tax system includes various taxation measures implemented for the purpose of environmental protection and has been widely adopted in developed countries. Based on the basic situation of China’s tax system for automobiles, this article proposes a green tax system plan for China’s automobile products from 2021 to 2035 in accordance with the basic principles of tax neutrality, environmental protection priority, tax system flexibility and orderly progress. In addition, this article uses the nested multi-logit model to predict the impact of the plan on the structure of vehicle market and finally conducts comprehensive evaluation on the environmental benefits of the plan by combining with the changes in energy consumption level, mileage of passenger vehicles, pollutant emissions of a single vehicle and other factors.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF STEEL PLANTS IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Arijit Mukherjee ◽  
Soumendra Nath Basu ◽  
Sayan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Iron And Steel

The steel industry being highly energy intensive in nature is one the major consumers of energy. The iron and steel industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world. It is therefore that the question of fuel or energy has been of the highest importance in steel making, and one can boldly claim that all other conditions remaining constant, saving or wasting of fuel can make the difference between a profit or a loss of a steel plant. Energy conservation in steel plants is very crucial to ensure the competitiveness of the steel producing industries and to minimise environmental impacts. India's leading iron and steel companies, scored averages at best in Centre for Science and environment green rating test. The Indian iron and steel sector's energy consumption of 6.6 GCal per tonne, is 50 per cent higher than the global best practice. The integrated steel plants in India have the opportunities to strengthen their operations and minimise energy losses and wastages to reduce specific energy consumption by 5-6%. To reduce the gaps between India and developed countries we have to follow the technological advancement and implementation of innovative strategies at every stage of the operation of steel plants. The specific energy consumption in the Indian steel industry is high compared to that in advanced countries. Data for four integrated steel plants in India have been analysed. World crude steel production reached 1.621 million tones (Mt) in 2015. To meet the needs of our growing population, steel use is projected to increase by 1.5 times that of present level by 2050.

Integrated Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for a Large-Scale Iron and Steel Corporation in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 942-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Li ◽  
Yin Xue Cao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Methodology ◽  
Steel Corporation

This paper constructs an optimization model about carbon dioxide emissions problem for production process of a large-scale iron and steel corporation in China. Then how to realize maximal profits of corporation is studied under the subjective conditions about production, raw material supply and emissions abatement amount. And the optimized production structure in accordance with production benefits and environment benefits are obtained by non linear programming methodology. Finally the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of steel production are compared with the level of whole China and developed countries, and how to utilize the byproducts of coal gas for multipurpose is also discussed.

Production Cycles and Decline in Traditional Iron Smelting in the Maidan, Southern India, c. 1750-1950: An Environmental History Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-197
Author(s):  
Sashi Sivramkrishna
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Iron And Steel Production ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores how economics, technology, politics and ecology interacted in causing ups and downs in the production of traditional iron making, and its subsequent decline in the early twentieth century. In the course of this exercise we find many lacunae in the study of Indian environmental history. These include a neglect of the impact of traditional iron and steel smelting industry on forests in pre- and early-colonial times, the possible strategic motive in controlling iron and steel production through control of charcoal production, the institutional mechanism of forest use for industrial purposes and the role of ecology in the decline of traditional industry. Some of these are important questions for those who seek to reintroduce traditional technologies. A study of history throws up interesting clues on how we could correct mistakes made in the past so as to plan more effectively for the future.

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