Ouder dan je zou denken

Lampas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-415
Author(s):  
Willemijn Waal
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Records ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Alphabetic Writing

Summary Though it is generally agreed upon that the Greeks borrowed (and modified) the alphabet from the Phoenicians, there is no consensus about the moment when this took place. Over the years, several dates have been proposed, ranging from the 14th to the 8th – 7th century BCE. In classical studies the prevalent opinion is that the alphabet was introduced in or shortly before the 8th century BCE, when the first attestations of Greek alphabetic writing appear. There are, however, quite a number of indications (from existing and new evidence) that plead for a much earlier date. In this article, an analysis of the presently available archaeological, epigraphic and linguistic data will be presented to argue the case for an introduction in the 11th century BCE at the latest. The earliest documents, which were in all likelihood economic and administrative records, have not come down to us, because they were written on perishable materials.

Embodying Kairos in Philostratus' Lives of the Sophists

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-463
Author(s):  
Artemis Brod
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cultural Ideal ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Physical Manifestation

Philostratus' Lives of the Sophists (VS) is not usually understood as a text with much relevance for rhetorical theory. But this omission cedes theory to the handbooks and reinforces the dichotomy between theory and practice. I argue that Philostratus' theory of efficacious performance—implicit as it may be—has much to offer scholars of rhetoric and classical studies. I demonstrate that Philostratus prizes improvisation not only because it reveals the paideia of the orator, who becomes a cultural ideal, but also because it affords processes of mutual constitution between orator and audience. This occurs when the sophist becomes a physical manifestation of what the moment calls for, which compels recognition from the audience. In the second part of the paper, I focus on Polemo, the most improvisatory of sophists. In the scenes in which he features, Polemo repeatedly emerges as a man and, in recognizing him, spectators come to embody their own masculinity, in turn.

Family Labor Supply Responses to Severe Health Shocks: Evidence from Danish Administrative Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Itzik Fadlon ◽  
Torben Heien Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
The Family ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Spousal Labor ◽  
New Evidence

We provide new evidence on households’ labor supply responses to fatal and severe nonfatal health shocks in the short run and medium run. To identify causal effects, we leverage administrative data on Danish families and construct counterfactuals using households that experience the same event a few years apart. Fatal events lead to considerable increases in surviving spouses’ labor supply, which the evidence suggests is driven by families who experience significant income losses. Nonfatal shocks have no meaningful effects on spousal labor supply, consistent with their adequate insurance coverage. The results support self-insurance as a driving mechanism for the family labor supply responses. (JEL D12, D15, G22, I12, J22)

Changes in housing among older women: Latent class analysis of housing patterns in older Australian women

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Byles ◽  
Cassie Curryer ◽  
Kha Vo ◽  
Peta Forder ◽  
Deborah Loxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Scant research exists on the patterns of changes in older women’s housing, and whether and when women transition into residential aged care (RAC). This study aimed to identify groups of women with different housing patterns (latent classes) over time, with a secondary aim to describe socio-demographic and health characteristics of women in each class. We analysed linked data for 9575 women born 1921–1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), Australian National Death Index, and Residential Aged Care (RAC) administrative records for the years 1999 through to 2011. Seven distinct housing patterns (classes) were identified over time. Four classes showed a stable pattern: living in a house for most surveys (47.0%), living in a house but with earlier death (13.7%), living in an apartment (12.8%), living in a retirement village (5.8%). One class showed a pattern of downsizing: moving from a house to retirement village (6.6%). Two patterns showed transition: from an apartment or retirement village, to RAC and death (7.8%), and from house to RAC (6.4%). This study provides new evidence about socio-demographic and health influences on housing patterns and entry into residential care in later life. These findings can inform policy and aged care planning for women in later life, by identifying patterns of transition into residential aged care, or alternatively, remaining in the community.

The Maize Tamale in Classic Maya Diet, Epigraphy, and Art

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. Taube
Keyword(s):  
Classic Maya ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Principal Subject ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Phonetic Value

Iconographic, epigraphic, and linguistic data provide new evidence that the tamale constituted the primary maize food of Classic Maya diet. Archaeological and ethnohistoric data pertaining to the tamale and tortilla are reviewed and discussed in terms of the widespread representation of the tamale in Classic Maya epigraphy and art. Iconographic forms of the tamale are isolated and compared with hieroglyphic signs. Glyphs T:14, 39, 86, 130, 135, 506, 507, 754, 577, 584, and 739 are identified as representations of the tamale. Affix T130 contains either of two tamale types, both possessing the phonetic value wa or wah in the ancient script. This syllable provides readings for the Postclassic water group, the action of standing, and an unusual emblem glyph possibly referring to a supernatural region. In addition, the two tamale forms of T130 provide partial readings for the Classic terms for the numbers six, eight, and the name glyph of God N. It is suggested that the tamale constituted an important offering in Classic ritual, and is a principal subject of 819-day cycle texts.

scholarly journals Comment on: “Interseismic Strain Accumulation near Lisbon (Portugal) from Space Geodesy” by Fonseca et al. (2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Matias
Keyword(s):  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
First Order ◽  
Crustal Block ◽  
Tectonic Lineament ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
Strain Rate Field ◽  
New Evidence

The paper by Fonseca et al. (2021), hereafter referred as FON21, published in Geophysical Research Letters2 make several conclusions that are not convincingly supported by the evidence of the data that is made available. In this comment we will address the following statements: 1) FON21 “provides new evidence of sinistral simple shear driven by a NNE-SSW first-order tectonic lineament; 2) “PSInSAR vertical velocities corroborate qualitatively the GNSS strain-rate field, showing uplift/subsidence where the GNSS data indicate contraction/extension”; 3) FON21 proposes “the presence of a small block to the W of Lisbon moving independently toward the SW with a relative velocity of 0.96 ± 0.20 mm/yr”; 4) FON21 shows “that the contribution of intraplate faults to the seismic hazard in the LMA is more important than currently assumed”. We conclude that more evidence needs to be collected to confirm or infirm FON21 statements and conclusions. For the moment the proposal of an autonomous crustal block moving with significant velocity in relation to the neighboring domain should be considered speculative and unproved.

Homer's Iliad and Ours

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
General Position ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Extended Form ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Detailed Level ◽  
Alphabetic Writing

Adam Parry's article ‘Have We Homer's Iliad?’ (Yale Classical Studies xx (1966), 177–216) is one of the most readable of recent discussions of Homer. As it happens, I disagree with much of it—but that is not surprising, since much of it is taken up with disagreeing with me. In the pages that follow I shall be primarily concerned to question the validity of some of the author's detailed arguments and to probe some of his underlying assumptions.First we should note the general position that Adam Parry, by the end of his study, occupies. It is the apparently old-fashioned one that Homer wrote down, or had someone else write down, virtually every word of the Iliad (and presumably also the Odyssey) as we have it. Yet it differs from extreme Unitarianism, and takes account of Milman Parry, by accepting that Homer belonged to an oral tradition and composed his poetry, at least at the detailed level, by traditional means. He did not construct his verses like a fully literate poet, but used the new technique of alphabetic writing for the development of traditional, unlettered poetry into the extended form and complex texture of an Iliad.

Athenian Twilight: A.D. 267–600

1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homer A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City

The excavations that have been conducted since 1931 by the American School of Classical Studies in the Athenian Agora have illumined virtually all phases in the development of the civic centre from its modest beginnings in the time of Solon to its dramatic end in the third century of our era. The exploration has also made it possible to trace the history of habitation in the area from Neolithic times down to the present day. One of the periods for which the excavations have yielded especially abundant documentation is late antiquity, more specifically the centuries from the third through the sixth. The new evidence has led to the correction of various misapprehensions that had arisen because of the paucity of evidence previously available for the study of this period. The results are the more interesting because our detailed knowledge of what happened in the Agora now helps in understanding contemporary developments in the city as a whole. Athens in fact has become a useful ‘case history’ for the study of the actual way in which ancient civilization went to pieces in one of the best known and most characteristic communities of the ancient world.

The Early Greek Alphabets

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Alphabetic Writing

Regional variation, a persistent feature of Greek alphabetic writing throughout the Archaic period, has been studied since at least the late nineteenth century. The subject was transformed by the publication in 1961 of Lilian H. (Anne) Jeffery's Local Scripts of Archaic Greece (reissued with a valuable supplement by A. Johnston in 1990), based on first-hand study of more than a thousand inscriptions. Much important new evidence has emerged since 1987 (Johnston's cut-off date), and debate has continued energetically about all the central issues raised by the book: the date at which the Phoenician script was taken over and filled out with vowels; the priority of Phrygia or Greece in that takeover; whether the takeover happened once, and the resulting alphabet then spread outwards, or whether takeover occurred independently in several paces; if the takeover was a single event, the region where it occurred; if so again, the explanation for the many divergences in local script. The hypothesis that the different scripts emerged not through misunderstandings but through conscious variation has been strongly supported, and contested, in the post-Jeffery era; also largely post-Jeffery is the flourishing debate about the development and functions of literacy in Archaic Greece. Dialectology, the understanding of vocalization, and the study of ancient writing systems more broadly have also moved forwards rapidly. In this volume a team of scholars combining the various relevant expertises (epigraphic, philological, historical, archaeological) provide the first comprehensive overview of the state of the question 70 years after Jeffery's masterpiece.

Relevant or Irrelevant?: Classics in the Curriculum Today

1958 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
William B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Civilized World

How many classical masters and mistresses inwardly wonder about the relevance of what they are teaching in their junior and middle-school Latin lessons? Is what is taught relevant to the claims we make for the place of classical studies in the curriculum?One of the most permanent of the values of Latin is that it helps to make real to the pupil the continuing heritage of Rome in that part of the civilized world which has drawn its culture largely or in part from Europe. And yet we must admit that the pupils who reach Ordinary level and go no farther hardly taste this. Even though at the moment those who are following advanced studies in Latin are increasing in number, nevertheless the number of those who do not go beyond Ordinary level is likely to remain far greater.

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