scholarly journals The impact of ultraviolet radiation on sunburn-related search activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J Lospinoso ◽  
Joshua A Lospinoso ◽  
Nathanial R Miletta
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 5503-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alhasaniah ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt ◽  
Catherine A. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Impact

A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals Sunscreen or simulated sweat minimizes the impact of acute ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous microvascular function in healthy humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tony Wolf ◽  
Craig W. Berry ◽  
Anna E. Stanhewicz ◽  
Lauren E. Kenney ◽  
Sara B. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cell responses to the impact of physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation and their modulation by plant polyphenols

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kostyuk ◽  
Ahmed Albuhaydar ◽  
Alla I. Potapovich ◽  
Lyudmila G. Korkinа
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
The Impact

In this study it was investigated the responses of cultured human cells – keratinocytes and fibroblasts to physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) applied with or without plant polyphenolic compounds: rutin, quercetin, taxofolin, silybin and baikalein. Experimental data obtained in this work indicate the presence of synergism in the action of physiological doses of UVR and plant polyphenolic compounds on inflammatory signaling pathways in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is concluded that the identified synergies can contribute to the adaptation of the skin to subsequent exposure to UVR, and thus be one of the photoprotective mechanisms of the plant polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Cannabis Yield Increased Proportionally With Light Intensity, but Additional Ultraviolet Radiation Did Not Affect Yield or Cannabinoid Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Scott Golem ◽  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Steve Dinka ◽  
Max Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
The Impact

Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) is now legally produced in many regions worldwide. Cannabis flourishes under high light intensities (LI); making it an expensive commodity to grow in controlled environments, despite its exceptionally high market value. It is commonly believed that cannabis secondary metabolite levels may be enhanced both by increasing LI and by exposing crops to ultraviolet radiation (UV). However, there is sparse scientific evidence to guide cultivators. Therefore, the impact of LI and UV on yield and quality must be elucidated to enable cultivators to optimize their lighting protocols. We explored the effects of LI, ranging from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1 and supplemental UV spectra on cannabis yield and potency. There were no spectrum effects on inflorescence yield, but harvest index under UVA+UVB was reduced slightly (1.6%) vs. the control. Inflorescence yield increased linearly from 19.4 to 57.4 g/plant and harvest index increased from 0.565 to 0.627, as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. Although there were no UV spectrum effects on total equivalent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (T-THC) content in leaves, the neutral form, THC, was 30% higher in UVA+UVB vs. control. While there were no LI effects on inflorescence T-THC content, the content of the acid form (THCA) increased by 20% and total terpenes content decreased by 20% as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. High LI can substantially increase cannabis yield and quality, but we found no commercially-relevant benefits of adding supplemental UV radiation to indoor cannabis production.

Towards astrobiological experimental approaches to study planetary UV surface environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Ximena C. Abrevaya ◽  
Martin Leitzinger ◽  
Oscar J. Oppezzo ◽  
Petra Odert ◽  
G. Juan M. Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Attenuation ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe stellar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been studied in the last decade and has been found to be an important factor to determine the habitability of planetary surfaces. It is known that UVR can be a constraint for life. However, most of the studies of UVR and habitability have missed some fundamental aspects: i) Accurate estimation of the planetary atmospheric attenuation, ii) The biological inferences used to represent the impact of the stellar UVR on life are theoretical and based on the action spectrum (for DNA or microorganisms) or considering parameters as the “lethal dose” obtained from non-astrobiological experiments. Therefore, the conclusions reached by previous studies about the UVR habitability of planetary bodies may be inaccurate. In this work, we propose how to address these studies in a more accurate way through an interdisciplinary approach that combines astrophysics, microbiology, and photobiology and by the use of specially designed laboratory experiments.

An Environmental Disinfection Odyssey: Evaluation of Sequential Interventions to Improve Disinfection of Clostridium difficile Isolation Rooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Sitzlar ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
Dennis Fertelli ◽  
Sirisha Kundrapu ◽  
Ajay K. Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Tiered Interventions ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Disinfection

Objective.Effective disinfection of hospital rooms after discharge of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is necessary to prevent transmission. We evaluated the impact of sequential cleaning and disinfection interventions by culturing high-touch surfaces in CDI rooms after cleaning.Design.Prospective intervention.Setting.A Veterans Affairs hospital.Interventions.During a 21-month period, 3 sequential tiered interventions were implemented: (1) fluorescent markers to provide monitoring and feedback on thoroughness of cleaning facility-wide, (2) addition of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for adjunctive disinfection of CDI rooms, and (3) enhanced standard disinfection of CDI rooms, including a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a process requiring supervisory assessment and clearance of terminally cleaned CDI rooms. To determine the impact of the interventions, cultures were obtained from CDI rooms after cleaning and disinfection.Results.The fluorescent marker intervention improved the thoroughness of cleaning of high-touch surfaces (from 47% to 81% marker removal; P < .0001). Relative to the baseline period, the prevalence of positive cultures from CDI rooms was reduced by 14% (P = .024), 48% (P>.001), and 89% (P = .006) with interventions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. During the baseline period, 67% of CDI rooms had positive cultures after disinfection, whereas during interventions periods 1, 2, and 3 the percentages of CDI rooms with positive cultures after disinfection were reduced to 57%, 35%, and 7%, respectively.Conclusions.An intervention that included formation of a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a standardized process for clearing CDI rooms achieved consistent CDI room disinfection. Culturing of CDI rooms provides a valuable tool to drive improvements in environmental disinfection.

The impact of climate on risk of mania

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S74-S74
Author(s):  
C.R. Medici ◽  
C.H. Vestergaard ◽  
D. Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen ◽  
G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Unobserved Component ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Unobserved Component Model ◽  
Danish Meteorological Institute ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionBipolar disorder varies with season: admissions for depression peak in winter and mania peak in summer. Sunlight presumably increases the risk of mania through suppression of melatonin. If so, we expect admissions for mania to vary in accordance with climate variations.ObjectivesTo investigate how climate and climate changes affects admissions for mania.AimsTo identify which climate variables – sunshine, ultraviolet radiation, rain and snow cover – affect admissions for mania.To examine whether year-to-year weather variation as well as long-term climate changes reflects the variation in number of admissions for mania.MethodsThis register-based nationwide cohort study covers all patients admitted for mania (ICD-10 code F31 or F30.0–F30.2) between 1995 and 2012 in Denmark. Climate data, obtained from the Danish Meteorological Institute, were merged with admission data and correlated using an Unobserved Component Model regression model.Preliminary resultsIn total, 8893 patients were admitted 24,313 times between 1995 and 2012: 6573 first-admissions and 17,740 readmissions. Linear regression shows significant association between admissions per day and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) dose (P < 0.01). Average days with snow cover and rain were not significantly correlated with admissions. Analyses on year-to-year variation and long-term change are not yet available.Preliminary conclusionsAdmissions for mania are correlated with sunshine and UV, but not rain and snow cover. If more patients are admitted during very sunny summers compared with less sunny summers this implies a relation with light itself and not just season.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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