scholarly journals Changes in Enteric Neurons of Small Intestine in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Li ◽  
Guijun Fei ◽  
Xiucai Fang ◽  
Xilin Yang ◽  
Xiaohong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kudo ◽  
Nobuyasu Arai ◽  
Reiko Kyodo ◽  
Kenji Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: The correlation between small intestinal motility alteration and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well evaluated. Aims: To assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an IBS rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the IBS pathophysiology.Methods: Restraint stress was utilized to make adolescent IBS rat models that were evaluated for clinical symptoms, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated. The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the 5-HT expression was evaluated using immunostaining.Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the IBS rat models. There was no difference in real-time PCR results, but immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-HT expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the IBS rat models.Conclusions: In the adolescent rat model of IBS with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-HT secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility.

Effects of Electroacupuncture at St25 and Bl25 in a Sennae-induced rat model of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Zhu ◽  
Zhibin Liu ◽  
Wenmin Niu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Aimin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Paracrine Signalling ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Small Intestine Transit

Background Electroacupuncture (EA) may have a role in the treatment of diarrhoea symptoms. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which initiates peristaltic, secretory, vasodilatory, vagal and nociceptive reflexes. In addition, according to the results of our previous report, EA stimulation mediates GI peristalsis by increasing expression of 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). Aim To investigate the effect of EA at acupuncture points ST25 and BL25 in a rat model of diarrhoea. Methods A diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model was induced by Folium Sennae in 24 rats, which remained untreated (n=6) or received EA at ST25 (n=6), BL25 (n=6) or the combination of ST25 and BL25 (n=6). A control group of healthy rats was also included (n=6). After treatment, changes in loose stool and small intestine transit rates, enterochromaffin (EC) cell number, expression of TPH, and faecal/colonic 5-HT contents were measured. Results Loose stool and small intestine transit rates, EC cell numbers, colonic TPH expression and faecal/colonic 5-HT content of IBS-D rats were significantly increased relative to controls (p<0.05) and all these parameters were improved by EA at ST25, BL25, or ST25 and BL25 in combination (all p<0.05 vs untreated IBS-D rats). Conclusions EA at ST25 and/or BL25 had a positive effect on objective markers of diarrhoea in a IBS-D rat model and induced changes in EC cell number, colonic TPH and 5-HT contents. The effects of EA stimulation at ST25/BL25 on IBS-D rats may be mediated by excitation of sympathetic nerves.

scholarly journals Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang improves intestinal permeability in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome rats by inhibiting the NF-κB and notch signalling pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuke Hou ◽  
Yongquan Huang ◽  
Zhaoyang Zhu ◽  
Liu Liao ◽  
Xinlin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Defecation Frequency ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) has been shown to be effective in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and related mechanisms of TXYF in an IBS-D rat model. Methods The IBS-D rat model was established with 4% acetic acid and evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Then, IBS-D rats were divided into control, TXYF and rifaximin groups and treated intragastrically with normal saline, TXYF and rifaximin, respectively, for 14 days. The following indicators were measured before and after treatment: defecation frequency, faecal water content (FWC) and colorectal distension (CRD). Histopathological changes in the distal colon were observed after treatment. The expression of OCLN and ZO1 in the distal colon of IBS-D rats reflected the intestinal mucosal permeability, as measured by qRT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways and inflammation-related factors were investigated. Results After treatment with TXYF, the defecation frequency, FWC and CRD were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05). HE staining showed that colonic epithelial cells (CECs) in the IBS-D rats displayed significant oedema, impaired intestinal mucosal integrity and an increased influx of inflammatory cells. A significant reduction in granulocyte and CEC oedema was observed after the administration of TXYF and rifaximin compared to that of the model group and blank group (P < 0.05). TXYF significantly upregulated the expression of OCLN and ZO-1 and downregulated inflammation-related factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the chemokine KC) in IBS-D rats compared to those in the model group rats (P < 0.05). In terms of the NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways, the expression of NICD, p-ERK, Hes-1 and p-P65 decreased significantly in the TXYF and rifaximin groups, while the expression of ATOH1 increased significantly compared to that in the model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion TXYF can effectively improve intestinal permeability and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function, which may be related to inhibition of the inflammatory cascade and the NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Haiyong Ye ◽  
Bin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

scholarly journals Excitation of Enteric Neurons by Supernatants of Colonic Biopsies From Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients (IBS) is Linked to Visceral Sensitivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Buhner ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Breg Braak ◽  
Tamira K. Klooker ◽  
Sheila Vignali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Visceral Sensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Colonic Biopsies
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