Analyzing the relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulu Ruan, MD ◽  
Melville Q. Wyche, III, MD ◽  
Alan David Kaye, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

No abstract

scholarly journals The moderating effect of psychedelics on the prospective relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk among marginalized women

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Argento ◽  
Melissa Braschel ◽  
Zach Walsh ◽  
M Eugenia Socias ◽  
Kate Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

Background/aims: Given high rates of depression and suicide among marginalized women, and increasing calls to integrate trauma-informed biomedical and community-led structural interventions, this study longitudinally examines the potential moderating effect of psychedelic use on the relationship between other illicit drug use and suicide risk. Methods: Data (2010–2017) were drawn from a community-based, prospective open cohort of marginalized women in Vancouver, Canada. Extended Cox regression analyses examined the moderating effect of psychedelic use on the association between other illicit drug use and incidence of suicidal ideation or attempt over follow-up. Results: Of 340 women without suicidal ideation or attempt at baseline, 16% ( n=53) reported a first suicidal episode during follow-up, with an incidence density of 4.63 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.53–6.07). In unadjusted analysis, psychedelic use moderated the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk: among women who did not use psychedelics, prescription opioid use increased the hazard of suicide (hazard ratio 2.91; 95% confidence interval 1.40–6.03) whereas prescription opioid use was not associated with increased suicidal ideation or attempt among those who used psychedelics (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.27–1.73) (interaction term p-value: 0.016). The moderating effect of psychedelics remained significant when adjusted for confounders (interaction term p-value: 0.036). Conclusions: Psychedelic use had a protective moderating effect on the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk. In the context of a severe public health crisis around prescription opioids and lack of addiction services tailored to marginalized women, this study supports calls for innovative, evidence-based and trauma-informed interventions, including further research on the potential benefits of psychedelics.

scholarly journals Association of Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use With Subsequent Heroin Use Initiation in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 173 (9) ◽  
pp. e191750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine I. Kelley-Quon ◽  
Junhan Cho ◽  
David R. Strong ◽  
Richard A. Miech ◽  
Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson M. Compton ◽  
Christopher M. Jones ◽  
Grant T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use in Childhood and Early Adolescence Predicts Transitions to Heroin Use in Young Adulthood: A National Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cerdá ◽  
Julián Santaella ◽  
Brandon D.L. Marshall ◽  
June H. Kim ◽  
Silvia S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
National Study ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict Early Initiation of Opioid Use Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honoria Guarino ◽  
Pedro Mateu-Gelabert ◽  
Kelly Quinn ◽  
Skultip Sirikantraporn ◽  
Kelly V. Ruggles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

Introduction: Although a substantial body of research documents a relationship between traumatic stress in childhood and the initiation of substance use later in the life course, only limited research has examined potential linkages between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the initiation of non-medical prescription opioid use and other opioid use behaviors. The present study contributes to this growing body of work by investigating the association of childhood trauma with early initiation of a series of opioid use behaviors.Methods: New York City young adults (n = 539) ages 18–29 who reported non-medical use of prescription opioids or heroin use in the past 30 days were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014–16. Ten ACEs were assessed via self-report with the ACE Questionnaire. Associations between number of ACEs and self-reported ages of initiating seven opioid use behaviors (e.g., non-medical prescription opioid use, heroin use, heroin injection) were estimated with multivariable logistic regression.Results: Eighty nine percent of participants reported at least one ACE, and 46% reported four or more ACEs, a well-supported threshold indicating elevated risk for negative health consequences. Every increase of one trauma was associated with a 12–23% increase in odds of early initiation across the seven opioid use behaviors. Findings also document that the mean age at initiation increased with increasing risk severity across the behaviors, contributing to evidence of a trajectory from opioid pill misuse to opioid injection.Discussion: Increasing number of childhood traumas was associated with increased odds of earlier initiation of multiple opioid misuse behaviors. In light of prior research linking earlier initiation of substance use with increased substance use severity, present findings suggest the importance of ACEs as individual-level determinants of increased opioid use severity. Efforts to prevent onset and escalation of opioid use among at-risk youth may benefit from trauma prevention programs and trauma-focused screening and treatment, as well as increased attention to ameliorating upstream socio-structural drivers of childhood trauma.

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