Difference in stress-related indicators between employees experiencing partial and complete lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Anam Ali, MS ◽  
Sadia Abbas, MS ◽  
Ali Asad Khan, FCPS ◽  
Ali Salman Khan, MBBS ◽  
Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Stress Appraisal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Stress Experience

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the stress experience of employees facing to differentiated types of lockdown situations: total vs. partial. It also aimed to identify the cognitive appraisal, coping, stress, and fear of contracting COVID-19 associated with lock down situations among employees. Method: A cross-sectional research design was employed. The sample comprises two groups (n = 490 in each group), complete lockdown (people working from home) and partial lockdown (people going to workplace), and was drawn from Pakistan using purposive sampling technique. Stress Appraisal Measure, Brief COPE Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Fear of Contracting COVID-19 Questionnaire were used to measure cognitive appraisal, coping, stress, and fear, respectively.Results: Independent sample t-test showed that the threat and uncontrollable appraisal was high in people going to workplace as compared to people working from home. Results of binary logistic regression showed that people going to workplace were more likely to cope with COVID-19 situation through seeking instrumental support, behavior disengagement, acceptance, and religion as compared to people working from home. Moreover, people working from home were 0.84 times more likely to cope through emotional support than people going to workplace. Fear was found to be 1.1 times more likely associated with people going to workplace than people working from home.Conclusion: This study would help administrative authorities and government institutions in designing mental health services for working population. It would help the emergency departments in devising first aid management plan to deal with the psychological needs of the workers under pandemic/lockdown situations. 

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and utilization of drugs toward COVID-19 pandemic among Bale Zone residents, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110343
Author(s):  
Ayele Mamo ◽  
Mesud M Hassen ◽  
Ahmednur Adem ◽  
Zinash Teferu ◽  
Musa Kumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bale Zone

Background: Coronavirus disease is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which poses therapeutic dilemmas. Some suggestions for drug treatment seem problematic. Beliefs about the causes of health problems are determinants of treatment seeking decisions. Hence, one of the alternatives for the solution of health problems is employing traditional medicine to prevent coronavirus disease 19. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of drugs toward the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic among Bale zone residents. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bale Zone population from May 30 to June 30, 2020. Eight hundred fifty-four participants were selected using a single population formula, and a multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the outcomes. A p value ⩽ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the total 854 respondents, about 534 (62.5%) got information about coronavirus disease 19 from TV/radio. More than two-thirds (71.9%) of the respondents have known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has no curative drugs, and 65.4% had a more appropriate attitude toward overall drug use in coronavirus disease 19. Level of education and, attitude towards drug use were singnificantly associated with knowledge of drugs, source of information about coronavirus disease 19 and having good practice were significantly associated with atittude toward drug utilization. Conclusion: One out of two study participants have good knowledge regarding drugs to the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Illiterate people in the community were identified to have poor knowledge about drugs, hence community educuation program is important to improve the knowledge about drugs towards the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of micro and small enterprise growth in North Wollo and Waghimira Zone selected towns

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erstu Tarko Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinant ◽  
North Wollo

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the socioeconomic determinant factors that affect the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in North Wollo and Waghimira Zone selected towns. In this study, a cross-sectional research design with both descriptive and explanatory research design has been employed, and 303 owners of enterprises have participated. The towns were selected purposely, and the respondents were also selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using STATA v-14 and applied descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis (odds ratio). The finding of the study revealed that age of the owner, access to finance, family business background, and interest rate most likely affect the growth of the enterprises with the statistically significant level. On the contrary, entrepreneurship training, the experience of the owner, the inflation rate, and competition less likely affect the growth of the enterprises with a statistical significant level. The remaining factors such as gender of the owners, education background, business age, business type, business location, social responsibility, tax rate, and social attitude were not statistically significant to determine the growth of MSEs.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress levels of employees working in private organizations during lockdown

Avicenna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfa Maqsood ◽  
Javeria Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Salman Butt ◽  
Ruhma Binte Shahzad ◽  
Raja Zubair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Working Parameters

Background Worldwide, office employees have experienced two novel phenomena during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: working from home and reductions in their salaries. These phenomena have majorly impacted the lives of individuals as well as their families. The present study aims to measure the perceived stress levels among employees during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Pakistan. Methodology A cross-sectional approach was used to collect data from a sample of 385 employees working in three different IT-oriented private organizations. A semi-structured, Likert-scale questionnaire was used, containing the 10-item inventory from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). A sociodemographic profile, working parameters, and frequency of PSS inventory were presented in the descriptive analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was made to compare the stress levels of the two groups resulting from their workloads and reductions in salary. Results An elevated perceived stress level (50.9%) was observed among the employees, showing a significant relationship with salary reduction and home work engagement (p<0.005). A strong negative correlation was observed (-0.860) for the salary reduction with PSS. Conclusion Working from home and reductions in salary caused increased perceived stress levels of the employees working in private organizations. Salary reductions proved to be a strong stressor, causing economic disruption and inability to cope with financial burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Analysis of Prevalence, Coping Strategies and Potential Causes of Depression among Doctors of Karachi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shahid Bilal ◽  
Jaiperkash Dayaram ◽  
Ali Nawaz Bijarani ◽  
Mariam Muneer ◽  
Saba Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope

Aims: The aim of current study is to find out the prevalence of depression in doctors in different hospitals of Karachi and its association with lifestyle, the field of specialty and coping mechanisms. Place and Duration of Study: The sample was collected from 10 different hospitals of Karachi, in a period of one Year i.e., March 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using non-probability consecutive type of sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated at 95% confidence interval and was found to be 368. The sample was classified in two broader categories Surgery & Allied and Medicine & Allied. For identification of depression level, Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. A 28-item questionnaire Brief COPE was used to asses coping mechanisms. Results: In total 400 forms were used for data analysis. The mean age of doctors was 35 ± 4 years, 65% were males while 35% were females, there was a statistically significant association of female gender with depression. Chi-Square was applied to determine the association of depression and departments and it was found to be highly significant with a P < .001. Highest level of depression was found in Orthopedics and Psychiatry departments followed by Surgery and Gynecology. While Otolaryngology was the least depressed department. Chi-square was applied and a statistically significant association of low monthly income and depression with a p-value of 0.02. In Surgery and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with extensive working hours and lack of facilities with a p-value of 0.01 and 0.04. While in Medicine and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with a harsh attitude of seniors and an uncomfortable working environment with a p-value of 0.02 and 0.03. A linear regression model comparing depression and its associations with coping strategies was applied. Conclusion: Our study shows that depression is present in a vast majority of doctors from multiple specialties. Various risk factors for depression have also been identified so appropriate coping strategies should be formulated to deal with it.

The Correlation Between Coping Mechanisms and Stress Levels in Childbearing Women with Infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1326-1329
Author(s):  
S. W. Putri ◽  
L. K. Dwihestie
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childbearing Women

Background: In Indonesia, in 2012, there were 39.8 million fertile age couples, 10-15% of whom were declared infertile. Infertility often develops into a social problem because the wife is considered to be the cause. Coping mechanisms are used in dealing with stress infertility. Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between coping mechanisms and stress levels in childbearing women with infertility at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. Method: Research design using cross-sectional. The sampling technique with total sampling found 38 female respondents of childbearing age with infertility—data collection with DASS 42 instrument and Brief Cope 28. Data analysis used Kendall's tau. Results: The results showed that the p-value was 0.002 <0.005, and the Correlation Coefficient value was 0.516. Conclusion: There is a relationship between coping mechanisms and stress levels in childbearing women with infertility at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital with moderate closeness. Keywords: coping mechanisms, infertility, stress level

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PEMENUHAN ADL PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE DI DUSUN TAMBAK BAYAN, BABARSARI, SLEMAN, D.I YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Aquino ◽  
Antok Nurwidi Antara ◽  
Aris Budi Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death in the world. The main  is the presence of hypertension or high blood pressure is usually caused by excessive stress or something surprising. Often a stroke followed by a psychological disorder including self concept disorder is caused due to the patient’s inability to do something usually done before a stroke. Therefore, the role of the family in the rehabilitation or recovery of family members with post-stroke is needed, including the fulfi llment of basic needs of patients and also their psychological needs. Objective: To know the relationship of family support to the fulfi llment of ADL in post-stroke patient in Tambak Bayan hamlet, Babarsari, Sleman, D.I YogyakartMethod: This research is descriptive analytic research using Cross Sectional .The subjects of this study were post-stroke patients in Tambak Bayan hamlet, Babarsari, Sleman, D.I Yogyakarta, amounting to 32 people. Sampling technique using Total Sampling method.Results: The results of this study indicate that family support is in good  ie 24 respondents or 75% with ADL fulfi llment 65,6% (enough). Chi square correlation test between family support relationship to post-stroke patient ADL fulfi llment in Tambak Bayan hamlet, Babarsari, Sleman, D.I Yogyakarta is known sig 0,000 which means there is correlation with strong Correlation Coeffi cient (0.722).Conclusions: There is a signifi cant relationship between family support for ADL post-stroke patient fulfi llment.

scholarly journals WHO Five Keys to Safer Food Handling: Knowledge and Practice among Food Handlers in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Ismail Abdullateef Raji ◽  
Oche Mansur Oche ◽  
Aminu Umar Kaoje ◽  
Yahaya Mohammed ◽  
Balarabe Adamu Isah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: The (WHO) developed the five keys to safer food which was designed to be practical and straightforward for food handlers. In recognition of the role they play in preventing Foodborne Disease (FBD) outbreak. In this study, we aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of the five keys to safer food among food handlers in food establishments in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between August and November 2019. We recruited 366 food handlers working in restaurants using a multistage sampling technique. We assessed knowledge and practice of five keys to safer food, and we examined the predictors of knowledge among the participants using chi-square and binary logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Results: More than two-thirds, 288 (78.7%) less than 40 years and less than half, 163 (44.5%), were involved in cooking the food. One hundred and twenty-seven (34.7%) have greater than five years’ experience. Overall, less than one-quarter, 87 (23.8%) had good knowledge of the five keys to safer food handling. One hundred and thirty-two (36.1%) wash hands before and during preparation most times. Two hundred and fifty-three (69.1%) never wash their hands after using the toilet, and 144 (39.3%).Age (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 10.05; 95% CI = 4.0 - 21.04), gender (aOR: 2.70 95CI = 1.44 - 5.09) and Education (aOR: 3.67; 95% CI = 1.92 - 7.01) were significant predictors of knowledge. Conclusion: There is poor knowledge, and most of the practices of the five keys to safer food were below the required for food safety. Therefore, we recommend that the Sokoto state ministry of health coordinate training interventions on five keys to safer food with particular attention to those older than 40 years and those without formal education.

scholarly journals Perception and Determinants of Uptake of Preventive Health Services among the Staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
P.A. Akinyemi ◽  
O.T. Afolabi ◽  
A.A. Adeomi ◽  
O.T. Olugbade
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Preventive Health Services ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Background: The rising burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in Nigeria makes the need for preventive health services (PHS) imperative. Thus, this study assessed the perception and determinants of uptake of preventive health services among the staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was employed. Two hundred and ninety academic and non-academic staff of the university were enrolled in the study, using a stratified random sampling technique. The sample size was proportionally allocated to various subunits in the institution. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Determinants of uptake of PHS were assessed using binary logistic regression. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The majority of the respondents, 280 (96.6%) had good perceptions of PHS, and 176 (60.7%) reported barriers in access to PHS. Although a majority of the respondents, 268 (92.4%) had positive attitudes towards PHS, most of the respondents 196 (67.6%) had poor uptake. Common barriers to uptake of PHS were availability and affordability of the services, time constraints, and interference with other activities. Being an academic staff (p = 0.001) and presence of chronic illness (p = 0.043) were significant determinants of PHS uptake.Conclusion: Uptake of PHS was poor among majority of the respondents despite their good perception of the services. This may be linked to the perceived barriers to access. Thus, there is a need for policy formulation and provision of an enabling environment by the University’s authority for ease of access to PHS.

scholarly journals Male participation in family planning: An untapped potential for increasing utilization of family planning services in Ondo, Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
R.O. Akande ◽  
O.K. Israel ◽  
A.K. Adefemi ◽  
E.O.K Leramo
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Participation ◽  
Ondo State

Background: Men play crucial roles in the utilization of family planning services hence, ensuring their commitment to these services is essential for increasing family planning uptake. This study therefore, assessed the level of male participation in family planning services utilization and its associated factors in Ondo west LGA, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: The study utilized a community-based cross-sectional design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 433 eligible respondents. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23; bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression respectively at 5% level of significance.Results: 55% and 48.5% of the study participants, had poor knowledge and perception about family planning services respectively. At bivariate level, there were statistically significant associations between age (p = 0.046), number of children (p < 0.001), level of education (p = 0.023), and the utilization of FP services by the respondents. Conclusion: The knowledge of the respondents about FP services was poor and if unaddressed, could infringe upon the rights of their spouses to access such services. Increasing male participation may require targeting married men for educational interventions.   French title: Participation des hommes à la planification familiale : un potentiel  inexploité pour accroître l'utilisation des services de planification familiale à Ondo, dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria Contexte général de l'étude : Les hommes jouent un rôle important dans l'utilisation des services de planification familiale, par conséquent, obtenir leur engagement envers ces services est essentiel pour augmenter l'adoption de la planification familiale. Par conséquent, cette étude a évalué le niveau de participation des hommes dans l'utilisation des services de planification familiale et ses facteurs associés à Ondo West, Ondo State, Nigéria.Méthode de l'étude : Une étude transversale communautaire, les répondants étant des hommes mariés. Une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour sélectionner 433 répondants admissibles. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide de questionnaires semi-structurés. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'IBM SPSS version 23 ; des analyses bi variées et multi variées ont été effectuées en utilisant respectivement une régression logistique du chi carré et binaire à un niveau de signification de 5%.Résultat de l'étude : Environ 55 % et 48,5 % des participants à l'étude avaient respectivement une connaissance et une perception médiocres des services de planification familiale. Au niveau bi varié, il y avait des associations statistiquement significatives entre l'âge (p = 0,046), le nombre d'enfants (p < 0,001), le niveau d'éducation (p = 0,023) et l'utilisation des services de PF par les répondants.Conclusion : La connaissance des répondants sur les services de PF est faible et si elle n'est pas prise en compte, elle pourrait porter atteinte aux droits de leurs conjoints à de tels services. L'augmentation de la participation des hommes peut nécessiter de cibler les hommes mariés pour les interventions éducatives.

scholarly journals Perceived stressors and outcomes among professionals working from home during COVID-19 pandemic in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Shikha Gulia ◽  
Smriti Arora
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Working From Home

Background: Aim of the study was to assess stressors and positive outcomes among professionals working from home during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) originated from China has rapidly spread in the world across borders, infecting millions of people throughout the whole world. As this novel corona virus is highly contagious and has enforced countries for complete shutdown, anxiety and concerns in society are globally affecting every individual to variable extents. Due to this lockdown, most of the professions have very first time in world and specially in India opted for working from home.Methods: This is quantitative approach study, cross-sectional study. Convenient and snowball sampling technique used to select subject via google form technique. 284 professionals enrolled in study from various professions and the google form was sent through mail, WhatsApp and text messages. The data is analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results of the study shown that majority of the professionals have experienced stress related to their job, social stress along with the physical stressors and have also developed some new life skills and utilized this time to plan about new ideas and goals.Conclusions: There is an intense need to keep a check on mental health during work from home to relieve stress and anxiety posed by COVID-19 pandemic.

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