scholarly journals Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels– Process, Structure, Performance: A Review

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3741 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schindelholz ◽  
Michael Melia ◽  
Jeffrey Rodelas
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Process Structure ◽  
Corrosion Research

The corrosion of additively manufactured (AM) metallic materials, such as stainless steels (SS), is a critical factor for their qualification and reliable use. This review assesses the emerging knowledgebase of powder-based laser AM SS corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). The origins of AM-unique material features and their hierarchal impact on corrosion and EAC are addressed relative to conventionally processed SS. The effects of starting material, heat treatment and surface finishing are substantively discussed. An assessment of the current status of AM corrosion research, scientific gaps and research needs with greatest impact for AM SS advancement and qualification is provided.

scholarly journals Recent progress on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in HF solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Dai ◽  
Shouwen Shi ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Can Guo ◽  
Xu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

Abstract Hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride ion corrosion issues are often encountered in many fields, which have attracted extensive research due to its strong corrosiveness. In this paper, a critical review is presented based on recent progress on HF corrosion. In view of the discrepancy of fluoride ion compared with other ions, the special attack characteristics of fluoride ion are firstly discussed. Afterwards, the corrosion mechanisms of stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, and titanium alloys in HF solution or fluoride ion-containing environment are reviewed, and three typical corrosion behaviors are summarized, which are essentially weakening process of passivation of metallic materials. The effects of influencing factors (e.g. alloying elements, environmental factors, and stress, etc.) on HF corrosion are also discussed, which involve changes in passivation mechanism, the influence of HF attack mode and multiple damage mechanisms due to mechanical–chemical coupling. Finally, future research works on HF corrosion are proposed.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Living Coating System in Service: Evaluation of the Wood Protected with Biofinish during One-Year Natural Weathering

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Faksawat Poohphajai ◽  
Jakub Sandak ◽  
Michael Sailer ◽  
Lauri Rautkari ◽  
Tiina Belt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Wood Protection

The service life performance of timber products exposed to natural weathering is a critical factor limiting the broad use of wood as an external building element. The goal of this study was to investigate the in-service characterization of an innovative biofinish coating system. It is a novel surface finishing solution based on the bioinspired concept of living fungal cells designed for effective wood protection. The performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood coated with biofinish was compared with uncoated references. Samples were exposed to natural weathering for 12 months under the climatic conditions of northern Italy. The visual appearance, colour, gloss, wettability, and 3D surface topography of the wood surface were examined. Results revealed that the total colour changes (∆E) of biofinish-coated wood were negligible. Untreated Scots pine wood revealed the changes in colour after just three months of exposure. The gloss changes of both surface types were small. The contact angle measured on biofinish-coated wood was higher compared to that of uncoated Scots pine. Surface roughness increased in uncoated wood due to the erosion effect caused by the weathering progress. Conversely, the surface roughness of biofinish-coated samples decreased along the exposure time. This phenomenon was explained by two self-healing mechanisms: migration of non-polymerized oil to the cracked surface, where it polymerizes and creates a closed layer, and local regrowth to cover damaged spots by living fungal cells present in the coating. The obtained results revealed the superior aesthetic performance of the biofinish surface treatment against natural weathering. By considering the fully bio-based nature of the investigated coating, it was concluded that this solution can be an attractive alternative for state-of-the-art wood protection technologies.

Virtuelle Techniken in der Fertigung/Virtual technologies in production

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
P. Brunkow ◽  
Y. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Virtuelle Techniken wie Augmented Reality (AR) ermöglichen die Visualisierung virtueller Informationen wie beispielsweise Geometriedaten im selben Bild. In diesem Artikel werden Potenziale und Herausforderungen beim Einsatz von AR in der Fertigung dargestellt. Darüber hinaus wird der Mitarbeiter als kritischer Erfolgsfaktor bei der Implementierung von innovativen Techniken betrachtet und der künftige Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.   Virtual technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) allow the visualization of virtual information. This article describes potentials and challenges, applying AR in production. Furthermore the employee is outlined as critical factor of success for the implementation of innovative techniques. Future research needs are pointed out.

scholarly journals Understanding How Incentives Influence Motivation and Retention of Health Workers

2012 ◽  
pp. 1148-1163
Author(s):  
Posy Bidwell ◽  
Stephen Thomas ◽  
Silvia Stringhini
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Professional Ethos ◽  
Human Resources Strategies

A critical factor in addressing the human resources crisis in low and middle income countries (LMIC) is the ability to recruit, motivate, and retain health workers. Failure in this area is one of the main causes of decline in availability of services and quality of care. Various financial and non-financial incentives have been implemented and this chapter will explore available evidence to see whether they have influenced motivation. Additionally, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is used to determine if there is a hierarchy of how incentives are valued. While Maslow’s model is a useful tool to classify themes of health worker needs, it would appear that workers are motivated without each level having to be fulfilled in turn. While financial incentives may help with retention, they can cause erosion of professional ethos, do not increase job satisfaction, or act as motivators to perform well. More research needs to be done in order to design more effective human resources strategies.

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