Electrochemical Study of Steel Corrosion in Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution with Chloride Ions and Sulfate Ions

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2634 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Limin He ◽  
Lujia Yang ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel

The corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in the saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing chloride ions and sulfate ions are studied using electrochemical methods and wire beam electrode (WBE) sensor. The cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that localized corrosion was mainly induced by the adsorption of chloride ions on the passive film. When the passive film is intact, sulfate ions are not corrosive to the passive film and it can inhibit the pitting initiation caused by the chloride ions. However, the WBE test results indicate that once a stable pit has already formed, sulfate ions cannot mitigate the pitting corrosion, and it can further promote the propagation of the major anodic area. Through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, it can be found that the addition of sulfate ions in the solution containing chloride ions will not result in the rise of the general corrosion rate.

Experimental Study on the Interaction Effect of Sulfate Ions and Chloride Ions on Reinforcement Corrosion in Marine Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Shide Song ◽  
Lujia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Corrosion Risk

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials for marine structures. Due to the abundance of the aggressive ions such as chloride ions and sulfate ions in the seawater, the reinforcement exposed to the marine and costal environment are exposed to a high corrosion risk. Localized corrosion will occur once the passive film on the rebar is damaged. In this work, the corrosion behavior of the steel in the simulated pore solution containing with both sulfate ions and chloride ions are studied by using cyclic potentialdynamic polarization methods and the corrosion morphologies observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The test results show that the initial rebar corrosion is caused by the absorption of the chloride ions in the passive film. The sulfate ions nearly had no effect on the corrosion of the rebar in pore solution and it can further mitigate the pitting corrosion in chloride containing pore solution.

scholarly journals Assessment of nickel titanium and beta titanium corrosion resistance behavior in fluoride and chloride environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa J. Kassab ◽  
José Ponciano Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Galvanic Coupling ◽  
Beta Titanium

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of fluoride concentration on the corrosion behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) superelastic wire and to compare the corrosion resistance of NiTi with that of beta titanium alloy in physiological solution with and without addition of fluoride. Materials and Methods: NiTi corrosion resistance was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization in sodium chloride (NaCl 0.15 M) with and without addition of 0.02 M sodium fluoride (NaF), and the results were compared with those associated with beta titanium. The influence of fluoride concentration on NiTi corrosion behavior was assessed in NaCl (0.15 M) with and without 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M NaF solution. Galvanic corrosion between NiTi and beta titanium were investigated. All samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Polarization resistance decreased when NaF concentration was increased, and, depending on NaF concentration, NiTi can suffer localized or generalized corrosion. In NaCl solution with 0.02 M NaF, NiTi suffer localized corrosion, while beta titanium alloys remained passive. Current values near zero were observed by galvanic coupling of NiTi and beta titanium. Conclusions: There is a decrease in NiTi corrosion resistance in the presence of fluoride. The corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy depends on fluoride concentration. When 0.02 and 0.04 M of NaF were added to the NaCl solution, NiTi presented localized corrosion. When NaF concentration increased to 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M, the alloy presented general corrosion. NiTi corrosion resistance behavior is lower than that of beta titanium. Galvanic coupling of these alloys does not increase corrosion rates.

scholarly journals Thin Benzotriazole Films for Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Neutral Electrolytes

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Petrunin ◽  
Liudmila Maksaeva ◽  
Natalia Gladkikh ◽  
Yuriy Makarychev ◽  
Marina Maleeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Anticorrosion Properties

This article investigates the modification of a carbon steel surface by benzotriazole (BTA), and the structure and properties of the formed layers. Adsorption was studied by surface analytical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflecting infrared microscopy (FTIR). It has been established that a polymer-like film containing iron-azole complexes that are 2 nm thick and strongly bonded to the metal is formed on the surface as a result of the azole interacting with a steel surface. This film is capable to inhibit uniform and localized corrosion of steel in neutral aqueous electrolytes containing chloride ions. It is shown that the iron-azole layer located at the interface acts as a promotor of adhesion, increasing the interaction of polymeric coatings with the steel surface. Taking into account these properties, the steel pretreatments can be used for improving the anticorrosion properties of polymeric coatings applied for the protection of steel constructions.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on the Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ghanem ◽  
W. A. Hussein ◽  
S. N. Saeed ◽  
S. M. Bader ◽  
R. M. Abou Shahba
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Difference

The effect of partial replacement of nickel with nitrogen on the corrosion resistance of newly designed austenitic stainless steel samples without and with heat treated was investigated in 3.5wt% and 5wt% NaCl solution using open-circuit, potentiodynamic, cyclic anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that, passivation in sample 1 where the highest addition of nickel and low addition of nitrogen is different from that for sample 4 where the nitrogen is greatest and the nickel is reduced almost to the third comparing sample 1. The difference in responses of heat treated samples to localized and general corrosion could be attributed to the difference in their phase compositions. The appearance of ferrite phase for samples (2, 4, 5 and 6) after heat treatment resulted in lowering the general and localized corrosion resistance than as forged samples in contrast with samples 1 and 3, where they still pure austenite. The obtained results are confirmed by surface examination.

Pitting corrosion and effect of Euphorbia echinus extract on the corrosion behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel in chlorinated acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Koumya ◽  
R. Idouhli ◽  
M. Khadiri ◽  
A. Abouelfida ◽  
A. Aityoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Aisi 321

AbstractStainless steel (SS) is a very corrosion-resistant alloy used in different industrial plants because of its chemical and mechanical properties. However, the high chloride concentration in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) may promote both general corrosion and pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion susceptibility in SS in chlorinated H2SO4 and the effect of Euphorbia echinus extract (EEE) on both general corrosion and pitting corrosion have been studied using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pitting potential has been found to shift slightly in the presence of chloride ions (Cl−) in H2SO4. Also, pitting corrosion initiation has been demonstrated in the recorded chronoamperograms as a linear straight line having a positive slope. EEE has reduced the general corrosion and the inhibitor adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. SEM micrographs showed that the tested inhibitor has efficiently acted on pitting corrosion for different concentrations of Cl−. Also, the kinetic findings were in good agreement with the surface analysis data. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometric measurements provided more insights on the interaction between the chemical functional groups of the inhibitor and the SS surface.

Effect of Sulfate Ions on the Corrosion Behavior of Steel in Concrete Using Electrochemical Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3049-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jie Shi ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Sulfate Ions

The effect of sulfate ions on the corrosion behavior of steel in ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) and high performance concrete (HPC) were investigated. Steel corrosion was evaluated by means of corrosion potential (Ecorr), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization (CP). The electrochemical results indicated that, compared to the pure chloride solution, the presence of sulfate ions in the chloride solution both reduced the time to corrosion initiation and lead to an increase in corrosion rate of steel in OPC specimens; however, the sulfate ions had negligible effect in HPC specimens. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of steel exposed to chloride solution was higher that to the sulfate solution both in OPC and HPC specimens.

Corrosion Behavior for Water Wall Tube Material of 600MW Supercritical Thermal Power Units

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Lu ◽  
Xiao Cui Jiao ◽  
Cun Ren Ma ◽  
Wei Su ◽  
Tian Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Tube Material ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Water Wall Tube ◽  
Treatment Water

The influence of chloride ions and sulfate ions on 15CrMoG and 12Cr1MoVG respectively in the simulated Oxygenated Treatment water chemistry conditions with SO42- and Cl- of different concentrations is studied by using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and high temperature coupon tests. The results show that under the experiment condition of room temperature, the two materials are very prone to corrode in solutions containing SO42- and Cl- and the corrosion rate is enhanced with increasing SO42- and Cl- concentration. The corrosion resistance of 15CrMoG is stronger than 12Cr1MoVG for SO42- and Cl-. The corrosivity on 15CrMoG and 12Cr1MoVG of SO42- is lower than Cl-. Under high temperature conditions, the corrosion resistance of 15CrMoG stronger than 12Cr1MoVG in SO42- solutions.

Characterization of the Stainless Steel Corrosion Kinetic By EIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Galvan-Martinez ◽  
M. Flores-Cocuyo ◽  
R. Orozco-Cruz ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corrosion Morphology

ABSTRACTAn electrochemical study was carried out in order to obtain the effects of the turbulent flow condition on the stainless steel corrosion immersed in natural seawater using an electrochemical corrosion technique like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A three-electrode electrochemical glass cell was used to obtain the electrochemical measures, where a cylinder of the AISI 410 stainless steel was used as working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode and a synthesised graphite rod as auxiliary electrode. 24 hours was the total exposure time. In order to control the hydrodynamic conditions a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was used and, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used in order to obtain the superficial analyses of the metallic surface after tests. The results of the electrochemical techniques shown that at 1000 rpm of the rotation speed, the corrosion rate (CR) increased as the exposure time also increased. In additions, in the other rotations speed (2000, 3000 and 5000 rpm), the CR was affected by the corrosion products formed on metallic surface. t is important to point out that the corrosion morphology found in the steel sample was localized corrosion.

SURFACE PASSIVE FILM CHARACTERISTIC OF Q235 CARBON STEEL IN PURE MOLYBDATE SOLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950179 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEI ZHANG ◽  
YIJIANG CHEN ◽  
HUIJU HUANG ◽  
YONG ZHOU ◽  
FUAN YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Schottky Plot ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel ◽  
Film Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Defect Microstructure

In pure Na2MoO4 solutions with different concentrations of MoO[Formula: see text] (0.01, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mmol/L), a passive film was formed on the surface of Q235 carbon steel spontaneously, and the influences of MoO[Formula: see text] concentrations on the passive film characteristics were investigated. The electrochemical and microstructural techniques of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott–Schottky plot (MSP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) were applied to characterize the passive film characteristics, including resistance, defect, microstructure and composition. The resistance and defect of passive film respectively increased and decreased with increased MoO[Formula: see text] concentration up to 0.08[Formula: see text]mmol/L, which was the critical MoO[Formula: see text] concentration of complete passivation for the Q235 surface. The passive film formed in the 0.08[Formula: see text]mmol/L Na2MoO4 solution showed a dense microstructure and was composed of Fe2(MoO[Formula: see text] mainly. Further, in this work, the relation between characteristic and anti-corrosion of passive film was also discussed.

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