New Aspects of Copper Corrosion in a Neutral NaCl Solution in the Presence of Benzotriazole

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2569 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Zhao ◽  
Y.L. Xu ◽  
C.K. Chen ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
Y.W. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
X Ray

The corrosion behavior of copper in neutral NaCl solutions in the presence of benzotriazole (BTAH) was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermodynamic parameter reveals that a decrease in the current density of the dissolution process is mainly controlled by the activation parameters when the BTAH concentration is low, whereas the control changed to the pre-exponential factor with increasing BTAH concentration from 10 mg/L to 40 mg/L from the potentiodynamic polarization results. Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2, and Cu(I)BTA were all detected on the copper surface under our experimental conditions. When the BTAH concentration is low, the δ(Cu2+) value increases sharply, whereas a gradual increase occurs when the BTAH concentration increases from 10 mg/L to 40 mg/L, which may be ascribed to the competitive reaction of Cu2+ and Cu(I)BTA with a preference for Cu(I)BTA film formation.

scholarly journals Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon as a Catalyst for the Effective Degradation of Rhodamine B dye

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Shamim Ahmed Hira ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Dicky Annas ◽  
Hu Shi Hui ◽  
Kang Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Activated carbon (AC) was fabricated from carrot waste using ZnCl2 as the activating agent and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in a tube furnace. The as-synthesized AC was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis; the results revealed that it exhibited a high specific surface area and high porosity. Moreover, this material displayed superior catalytic activity for the degradation of toxic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Rate constant for the degradation of RhB was ascertained at different experimental conditions. Lastly, we used the Arrhenius equation and determined that the activation energy for the decomposition of RhB using AC was approximately 35.9 kJ mol−1, which was very low. Hopefully it will create a great platform for the degradation of other toxic dye in near future.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Titania by Co-Doping with Mo and W

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmín Avilés-García ◽  
Jaime Espino-Valencia ◽  
Rubí Romero-Romero ◽  
José Rico-Cerda ◽  
Manuel Arroyo-Albiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Co Doped

Various W and Mo co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials were obtained through the EISA (Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly) method and then tested as photocatalysts in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The synthesized materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), N2 physisorption, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the W-Mo-TiO2 catalysts have a high surface area of about 191 m2/g, and the presence of an anatase crystalline phase. The co-doped materials exhibited smaller crystallite sizes than those with one dopant, since the crystallinity is inhibited by the presence of both species. In addition, tungsten and molybdenum dopants are distributed and are incorporated into the anatase structure of TiO2, due to changes in red parameters and lattice expansion. Under our experimental conditions, the co-doped TiO2 catalyst presented 46% more 4-chlorophenol degradation than Degussa P25. The incorporation of two dopant cations in titania improved its photocatalytic performance, which was attributed to a cooperative effect by decreasing the recombination of photogenerated charges, high radiation absorption capacity, high surface areas, and low crystallinity. When TiO2 is co-doped with the same amount of both cations (1 wt.%), the highest degradation and mineralization (97% and 74%, respectively) is achieved. Quinones were the main intermediates in the 4-chlorophenol oxidation by W-Mo-TiO2 and 1,2,4-benzenetriol was incompletely degraded.

Synthesis and capacitive properties of carbonaceous sphere@MnO2 rattle-type hollow structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Zhang ◽  
Jizhen Ma ◽  
Jianwen Jiang ◽  
X.S. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Capacitive Properties

Carbonaceous sphere@MnO2 rattle-type hollow spheres were synthesized under mild experimental conditions. The as-prepared hollow structures were characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. The characterization data showed the formation of rattle-type hollow structures with a mesoporous MnO2 shell and a carbonaceous sphere core. The composition and shell thickness of the hollow spheres can be controlled experimentally. The capacitive performance of the hollow structures was evaluated by using both cycle voltammetry and charge–discharge methods. The results demonstrated a specific capacitance as high as 184 F/g at a current density of 125 mA/g. The good electrocapacitive performance resulted from the mesoporous structure and high surface area of the MnO2-based hollow spheres.

Observation of the Tribo-Film Formation Derived from ZnDTP by Using FT-IR

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Hirotomo Watanabe ◽  
Chiharu Tadokoro ◽  
Shinya Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Ft Ir

To understand the effects of tribo-film formation derived from ZnDTP (zinc dialkyl ditio phosphate) on friction behavior, friction tests were carried out with varying sliding time. The sliding surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). On the basis of the surface analytical results of the tribo-film, the absorption bands in the region of 1300-1000 cm-1 assigned as polyphosphate appeared in all IR spectra after the sliding. The friction behavior of ZnDTP was related to the intensity change of the IR spectra peak at 1200 cm-1.

scholarly journals Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous by Adsorption on Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Prepared from Silica Fume

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xitong Li ◽  
Caiyun Han ◽  
Wenjie Zhu ◽  
Wenhui Ma ◽  
Yongming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica MCM-41 materials have been prepared to develop efficient adsorbents of Cr(VI) in wastewater, using silica fume as silica source. Functionalization with amino groups has been carried out by using grafting method. The materials have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption potential of the material for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution was investigated by varying experimental conditions such as pH, initial metal concentration, and contact time. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm by linear regression analysis, and the results show that the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed the Langmuir model. In addition, the kinetics analysis revealed that the overall adsorption process was successfully fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

A novel low k thin film based on plasma-polymerized 1- cyano isoquinoline

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Xiong-Yan ◽  
Wang Ming-Zhu ◽  
Wang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Discharge Power ◽  
Low Dielectric Constant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
First Time ◽  
Low K

AbstractA novel low dielectric constant polymer, plasma-polymerized 1-cyano isoquinoline (PPCIQ) was prepared by plasma polymerization for the first time. The structure and surface compositions of the deposited PPCIQ thin films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that a high retention of the aromatic ring structure of the starting monomer in the deposited plasma films is obtained when a low discharge power of 15 W was used during film formation. In the case of higher discharge power of 35 W, more severe monomer molecular fragmentation can be observed. The dielectric properties measurements show that a low dielctric constant of 2.62 can be obtained for PPCIQ thin film deposited at 15 W.

Study of Model Copper-Based Catalysts by Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Diffraction and Mass Spectrometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Newman ◽  
Joseph A. Blazy ◽  
Timothy G. Fawcett ◽  
Larry F. Whiting ◽  
Robert A. Stowe
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
X Ray

AbstractRecently, a new materials characterization instrument and technique employing simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/X-ray diffraction/mass spectrometry (DSC/XRD/MS) have been developed at Dow. Use of this technology can be illlustrated by the study of various materials such as polymers, organics/pharmaceuticals, inorganics, and catalysts.Presented here is the use of the DSC/XRD/MS instrument to study the thermostructural behavior of four model copper-based catalyst systems during activation and regeneration. The instrument allows simultaneous generation of thermal, structural and chemical data in real-time during temperature programmed analysis and provides useful insights into the chemical and physical processes occurring. In addition, the calorimetry data yield qualititative information on the magnitude and rate of heat flow, while the diffraction data provide structural dynamics of reduction, oxidation and crystallite growth.The results of this study conclusively show cuprous oxide as an intermediate in the reduction of the copper oxide portion of each of the model catalysts. However, such features as the onset temperature and copper surface area varied widely among the four catalysts in response to the same chemical event conducted under similar experimental conditions. On the other hand, oxidation runs on the reduced catalysts were all similar to each other, first producing cuprous oxide from copper metal over a broad range of temperature, followed by the oxidation of cuprous oxide to copper oxide at even higher temperatures.

scholarly journals Characterisation of C–F Polymer Film Formation on the Air-Bearing Surface Etched Sidewall of Fluorine-Based Plasma Interacting with AL2O3–TiC Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonggot Limcharoen ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
Chupong Pakpum ◽  
Krisda Siangchaew
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

C–F polymer redeposition is generated on the etched sidewall of the patterned air-bearing surface (ABS). This C–F polymer is a by-product from fluorine-based plasma using a Surface Technology Systems multiplex-pro air-bearing etch (ABE). The morphology of the re-deposition and the composite element was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical bonding results were characterised via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflected infrared spectroscopy and visible Raman spectroscopy. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate a modification of AlF3re-deposition to C–F polymer re-deposition, which is easily stripped out by an isopropyl alcohol-based solution. The benefit of this research is the removal of the re-deposition in the resist strip process without additional cleaning process steps.

scholarly journals Ag/Ag2O as a Co-Catalyst in TiO2 Photocatalysis: Effect of the Co-Catalyst/Photocatalyst Mass Ratio

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Akel ◽  
Ralf Dillert ◽  
Narmina Balayeva ◽  
Redouan Boughaled ◽  
Julian Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Induced Reaction ◽  
Bleaching Rate

Mixtures and composites of Ag/Ag2O and TiO2 (P25) with varying mass ratios of Ag/Ag2O were prepared, employing two methods. Mechanical mixtures (TM) were obtained by the sonication of a suspension containing TiO2 and Ag/Ag2O. Composites (TC) were prepared by a precipitation method employing TiO2 and AgNO3. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Ag(0) and Ag2O. The activity of the materials was determined employing methylene blue (MB) as the probe compound. Bleaching of MB was observed in the presence of all materials. The bleaching rate was found to increase with increasing amounts of TiO2 under UV/vis light. In contrast, the MB bleaching rate decreased with increasing TiO2 content upon visible light illumination. XRD and XPS data indicate that Ag2O acts as an electron acceptor in the light-induced reaction of MB and is transformed by reduction of Ag+, yielding Ag(0). As a second light-induced reaction, the evolution of molecular hydrogen from aqueous methanol was investigated. Significant H2 evolution rates were only determined in the presence of materials containing more than 50 mass% of TiO2. The experimental results suggest that Ag/Ag2O is not stable under the experimental conditions. Therefore, to address Ag/Ag2O as a (photo)catalytically active material does not seem appropriate.

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