Effect of Molybdenum on Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Liao ◽  
J.-L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Effects of Mn, P, and mo on sulfide stress cracking resistance of high strength low alloy steels

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2171-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Asahi ◽  
Yasuo Sogo ◽  
Masakatsu Ueno ◽  
Hirokichi Higashiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

scholarly journals Effect of Nickel on the Hydrogen Stress Cracking Resistance of Ferritic/Pearlitic Low Alloy Steels

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2724 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-818
Author(s):  
Hans Husby ◽  
Philip Wagstaff ◽  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Roy Johnsen ◽  
Mariano Kappes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Slow Strain Rate Test ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Rate Test

Nickel additions to low alloy steels improve mechanical and technological properties. However, Part 2 of ISO Standard 15156 limits the nickel content to a maximum of 1 wt% in oil and gas environments containing H2S because of controversial concerns regarding sulfide stress cracking. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of nickel in solid solution in the ferrite phase on hydrogen stress cracking resistance. Ferritic/pearlitic research-grade low alloy steels with nominal nickel contents of 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% were tested by the slow strain rate test method with cathodic hydrogen charging to −1.05 VAg/AgCl and −2 VAg/AgCl. No difference in fracture mode or morphology was found between the alloys. However, the plastic elongation ratios and reduction in area ratios decreased with increasing nickel content when tested at −2 VAg/AgCl. The direct and indirect effects of nickel, such as the influence of an increasing fraction of pearlite with increasing nickel content, are discussed.

Low Alloy Steels in Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

CORROSION ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Carbide Matrix ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Abstract The effect of chemical composition on the behavior of low alloy steels in a hydrogen sulfide environment was studied with regard to corrosion, hydrogen absorption, and sulfide stress cracking. Results were interpreted in connection with microstructure and carbide precipitation. The addition of chromium results in the promotion of hydrogen absorption presumably due to the precipitation of incoherent carbides, thereby reducing, in general, the resistance to SSC. Fine coherent carbides appear to be beneficial, or at least not detrimental, to SSC resistance; e.g., Mo2C, VC, TiC, and NbC. Microstructure seems to affect both hydrogen absorption and SSC resistance largely through the trapping behavior of hydrogen at the carbide/matrix interface.

The Role of Hydrogen in Sulfide Stress Cracking of Low Alloy Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Berkowitz ◽  
F. H. Heubaum
Keyword(s):  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mariano Kappes ◽  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Raúl B. Rebak ◽  
Ricardo M. Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

scholarly journals Contribution of acoustic emission to the understanding of sulfide stress cracking of low alloy steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 3942-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Smanio ◽  
Marion Fregonese ◽  
Jean Kittel ◽  
Thierry Cassagne ◽  
François Ropital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Kappes ◽  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Raúl B. Rebak ◽  
Ricardo M. Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service

AbstractLow-alloy steels (LAS) are extensively used in oil and gas (O&G) production due to their good mechanical properties and low cost. Even though nickel improves mechanical properties and hardenability with low penalty on weldability, which is critical for large subsea components, nickel content cannot exceed 1-wt% when used in sour service applications. The ISO 15156-2 standard limits the nickel content in LAS on the assumption that nickel concentrations above 1-wt% negatively impact sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance. This restriction excludes a significant number of high-strength and high-toughness alloys, such as Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., UNS G43200 and G43400), Ni-Mo (e.g., UNS G46200), and Ni-Cr-Mo-V grades, from sour service applications and can be used only if successfully qualified. However, the standard is based on controversial research conducted more than 40 years ago. Since then, researchers have suggested that it is the microstructure that determines SSC resistance, regardless of Ni content. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-containing LAS in terms of strength, weldability, hardenability, potential weight savings, and cost reduction. Likewise, the state of knowledge on the effect of nickel on hydrogen absorption as well as SSC initiation and propagation kinetics is critically reviewed.

The Role of Nickel in the Sulfide Stress Cracking of Low-Alloy Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Craig ◽  
J. K. Brownlee ◽  
T. V. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking
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