scholarly journals APP 3D: el ciclo escultórico del foro de Torreparedones (Baena, Córdoba)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Merino ◽  
Carlos Márquez ◽  
Ramón González
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
General Level ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The North ◽  
The Temple

<p><strong>Extended Abstract:</strong></p><p>The  archaeological site of  Torreparedones  (Baena)  is  one  of  the  most  outstanding Roman sites  in  the  Province  of Cordoba, due  to  not  only  the  structural  remains  excavated  in  recent  decades,  but  also the  relevance through the relevance of other recovered materials. In recent years, among the recordings made during excavations and in the area of  the north  portico  of  the  forum  and  the  temple,  an  important  sculptural  group from  the high  imperial  time was documented. The sculptural cycle consists of two dynastic groups, which are currently part of the museum exhibition of Baena. The first, found in the area of the gate, consists of a toga, a female figure, a military sculpture and a fragment ideal statue (of the type hüftmantel). The second group, from the temple or near the same area, consists of two male and female seated statues representing: Divus Augustus, Divus Claudius and Diva Augusta (Livia). The latter offers a representation of idealized types, as characters portraits were produced post-mortem once the senate decreed their deification time. Because of the importance of this second group, a three-dimensional (3D) model of each of the pieces has been created. The main objective of this research, with some results presented in this article, is further development of a mobile application that allows disseminating results and promotes the use of virtual reality in the field of heritage. In order  to  carry  out  the  development  of  the  app  the  following  lines  of  action have  been followed:  1)  Recording by  the sculptural 3D scanning cycle; and 2) the development of a 3D digital catalogue for the dissemination and study within the framework of scientific research.</p><p>Data  collection of  the surface  was  performed by  using  a  3D  laser scanner,  a  tool  that  allows  obtaining sub-millimetre resolution and accuracy. After obtaining the results, we processed and checked the quality of the acquired points, best-fit and  registration  of  successive surface  recordings, and  filtering  and  cleaning  of  the  point  clouds.  To disseminate the findings of this research we chose to carry out analyses with a free application called "Sculptural Cycle Torreparedones" available for the Android operating system. With this app, the user can access all the information available, with periodic updates as the progress of other ongoing investigations. This application allows and intuitive and easy way of navigation, see the 3D models of the sculptures, as  well as access a virtual tour of Rome in 360° room of the museum of Baena.</p><p>Also, the user can access different multimedia content related to the site. As representative logo for the app, the icon of the half-head portrait of Divus Augustus was selected along with the title “3D Sculptural Cycle Torreparedones” as it is one of the largest and best known general level sculpture images. Since the app has been available since October 2017, a survey for assessing the app was conducted in order to know its impact and anticipate future necessary changes. In the course of this system, we have known the user skills in handling the application and the great interest of the youngest people in 3D.Theresults of this survey confirm that this work is an example of how this communication channel can be of service to the valorization and intelligibility of archaeological heritage. It  not  only  allows knowing the  materials recovered  during  the  excavations  of  Torreparedones  but  also  facilitates  the visitor to establish  a  direct  connection between the museum and the archaeological site. The application 3D Sculptural Cycle Torreparedones joins other works developed for 3D models digitized as a virtual catalogue, as is the Epigraphia3D app and other applications made with visits 360° as the case of the mobile application Guadiat VR -Belmez (Spain).</p>

scholarly journals 3D survey for the archaeological study and virtual reconstruction of the “Sanctuary of Isis” in the ancient Lilybaeum (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonarda Fazio ◽  
Mauro Lo Brutto
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction

<p class="VARKeywords">In recent years, the use of three-dimensional (3D) models in cultural and archaeological heritage for documentation and dissemination purposes has increased. New geomatics technologies have significantly reduced the time spent on fieldwork surveys and data processing. The archaeological remains can be documented and reconstructed in a digital 3D environment thanks to the new 3D survey technologies. Furthermore, the products generated by modern surveying technologies can be reconstructed in a virtual environment on effective archaeological bases and hypotheses coming from a detailed 3D data analysis. However, the choice of technologies that should be used to get the best results for different archaeological remains and how to use 3D models to improve knowledge and dissemination to a wider audience are open questions.</p><p class="VARKeywords">This paper deals with the use of terrestrial laser scanners and photogrammetric surveys for the virtual reconstruction of an archaeological site. In particular, the work describes the study for the 3D documentation and virtual reconstruction of the “Sanctuary of Isis” in <em>Lilybaeum,</em> the ancient city of Marsala (southern Italy). The "Sanctuary of Isis" is the only Roman sacred building known in this archaeological area. Based on the survey data, it has been possible to recreate the original volumes of the ancient building and rebuild the two best-preserved floors –a geometric mosaic and an <em>opus spicatum</em>– for a first digital reconstruction of the archaeological complex in a 3D environment.</p>

scholarly journals MODELING THE DECAY IN AN HBIM STARTING FROM 3D POINT CLOUDS. A FOLLOWED APPROACH FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE KNOWLEDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chiabrando ◽  
M. Lo Turco ◽  
F. Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
North West ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The North ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
3D Information

The recent trends in architectural data management imply the scientific and professional collaborations of several disciplines involved in the design, restoration and maintenance. It seems an achieved concept that, in the next future, all the information connected to new interventions or conservation activities on historical buildings will be managed by using a BIM platform. Nowadays the actual range or image based metric survey techniques (mainly produced by using Terrestrial Laser Scanner or photogrammetric platform today more based on projective geometry) allow to generate 3D point clouds, 3D models, orthophotos and other outputs with assessed accuracy. The subsequent conversion of 3D information into parametric components, especially in an historical environment, is not easy and has a lot of open issues. According to the actual BIM commercial software and to the embedded tools or plugin, the paper deals with the methodology followed for the realization of two parametric 3D models (Palazzo Sarmatoris and Smistamento RoundHouse, two historical building in the north-west part of Italy). The paper describes the proposed workflow according to the employed plug-in for automatic reconstruction and to the solution adopted for the well-known problems connected to the modeling phase such as the vaults realization or the 3D irregular surfaces modeling. Finally, the studied strategy for mapping the decay in a BIM environment and the connected results with the conclusions and future perspectives are critically discussed.

scholarly journals Amphitheater of Volterra: Case Study for the Representation of Excavation Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Carlo Battini ◽  
Elena Sorge
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Digital Projection

The work presented wants to show how different techniques of expeditious relief can be combined together in order to better describe the subject studied. Techniques of digital projection as laser scanner, topography and Structure from Motion can be used simultaneously and interact with each other to create a rich database of colorimetric and metrics information. Methodologies that, at the same time, present the peculiarities and errors of peculiar relief of the technology employed.The case study examined in this type of research is the discovery of the amphitheater of Volterra. Discovered in July 2015 during the phases of reclamation of a stream, is located close to Porta Diana and a few hundred meters from the Roman Theater discovered in the last century. An excavation campaign undertaken Between October and November 2015 has allowed us to bring to light the crests of the supporting walls of the structure, revealing the presence of the three orders and a depth of about ten meters.The step of post processing has finally seen the use of three-dimensional models acquired both for the creation of images metrics necessary to the study of the stratigraphic units, both for studying a mobile application, 3D models and data of the excavation, easy to use for transmitting the information collected.  

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF UAVS PERFORMANCE FOR A ROMAN AMPHITHEATRE SURVEY: THE CASE OF AVELLA (ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barba ◽  
M. Barbarella ◽  
A. Di Benedetto ◽  
M. Fiani ◽  
M. Limongiello
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Cost

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the field of archaeological surveying, remote sensors and especially photogrammetric and laser scanner systems are widely used to create 3D models. The use of photogrammetric surveying with UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), combined with Computer Vision algorithms, allows the building of three-dimensional models, characterized by photo-realistic textures. The choice of which method to use mainly depends on the complexity of the investigated site, the accuracy requirements and the available budget and time. The different components of the UAV system determine its characteristics in terms of performance and accuracy, therefore define its quality and the cost too. This study presents an assessment of the accuracy of point clouds derived by two UAV systems, a commercial quadcopter (DJI Phantom 3 Professional), a professional assembled hexacopter, and by a TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) in order to compare photogrammetric and laser scanner data for archaeological applications. In this paper, we present a case study to compare and analyse the metric accuracy of the point clouds and the distribution of the GCPs (Ground Control Points). This accuracy assessment will serve to quantify the uncertainty in the absolute position of the GCPs, identified on the panoramic images in the absence of artificial targets. Executed experiments showed that in tested UAVs, the choice of the GCPs has significant impact on point cloud accuracy. Estimated absolute accuracy of point clouds collected during both test flights was better than 5&amp;thinsp;cm.</p>

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF TERRESTRIAL LIDAR AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE VISUALIZATION USING UNITY 3D GAME ENGINE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
R. Andaru ◽  
B. K. Cahyono ◽  
G. Riyadi ◽  
G. R. Ramadhan ◽  
S. Tuntas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Density ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Software Modelling

Abstract. The digital 3D documentation of architectural heritage using advanced 3D measurement technologies such as UAV photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR (TLS) becomes a potential and efficient method since it can produce 3D pointclouds in detail and high density of pointclouds levels. However, TLS is unable to scan the roof part of tall building, whereas UAV photogrammetry achieves high density of pointclouds at that area. In order to make a complete 3D pointclouds of heritage building, we merged and integrated the TLS and UAV pointclouds data by using Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithms into one reference system. In this study, we collected two architectural heritage building in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, i.e., "Vredeburg Fort Museum (VFM)" and "Kotagede Great Mosque (KGM)", the oldest mosque in Yogyakarta. For the data acquisition, we used Faro Focus X330 and GLS 2000 Laser Scanner. We produced three-dimensional point clouds from UAV imagery by using Structure from Motion and Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) technique through Photoscan software. In order to merging and integrating both of pointclouds data, Maptek I-Site Studio 6.1 with Educational License was used. Those data were successfully registered, and according to the registration report, we had observed 20.60 mm of RMS error. The 3D models and their textures in outdoor and indoor side were processed using Autodesk software. Modelling was carried out on the structure of building’s façade base on simple geometric primitive as planes, straight lines, circles, spheres and cylinder. For interactive visualization, a modern and widely accessible game engine technology (Unity3D) was used. The result was an interactive displaying 3D model of an architectural heritage building in LOD3 level with spatial function for measuring the size and dimension, as well as the area of object. Finally, we created the online version of interactive 3D viewer utilizing WebGL API and Mapbox Unity SDK.

scholarly journals Comparison of Depth Camera and Terrestrial Laser Scanner in Monitoring Structural Deflections

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Michael Bekele Maru ◽  
Donghwan Lee ◽  
Kassahun Demissie Tola ◽  
Seunghee Park
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Depth Camera ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
3D Information

Modeling a structure in the virtual world using three-dimensional (3D) information enhances our understanding, while also aiding in the visualization, of how a structure reacts to any disturbance. Generally, 3D point clouds are used for determining structural behavioral changes. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is one of the crucial ways by which a 3D point cloud dataset can be generated. Additionally, 3D cameras are commonly used to develop a point cloud containing many points on the external surface of an object around it. The main objective of this study was to compare the performance of optical sensors, namely a depth camera (DC) and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating structural deflection. We also utilized bilateral filtering techniques, which are commonly used in image processing, on the point cloud data for enhancing their accuracy and increasing the application prospects of these sensors in structure health monitoring. The results from these sensors were validated by comparing them with the outputs from a linear variable differential transformer sensor, which was mounted on the beam during an indoor experiment. The results showed that the datasets obtained from both the sensors were acceptable for nominal deflections of 3 mm and above because the error range was less than ±10%. However, the result obtained from the TLS were better than those obtained from the DC.

scholarly journals Estimating tree stem diameters and volume from smartphone photogrammetric point clouds

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Immacolata Marzulli ◽  
Pasi Raumonen ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Manuela Persia ◽  
Patrizia Tartarino
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Scale Point

Abstract Methods for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of forest trees have been suggested for data from active and passive sensors. Laser scanner technologies have become popular in the last few years, despite their high costs. Since the improvements in photogrammetric algorithms (e.g. structure from motion—SfM), photographs have become a new low-cost source of 3D point clouds. In this study, we use images captured by a smartphone camera to calculate dense point clouds of a forest plot using SfM. Eighteen point clouds were produced by changing the densification parameters (Image scale, Point density, Minimum number of matches) in order to investigate their influence on the quality of the point clouds produced. In order to estimate diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and stem volumes, we developed an automatic method that extracts the stems from the point cloud and then models them with cylinders. The results show that Image scale is the most influential parameter in terms of identifying and extracting trees from the point clouds. The best performance with cylinder modelling from point clouds compared to field data had an RMSE of 1.9 cm and 0.094 m3, for d.b.h. and volume, respectively. Thus, for forest management and planning purposes, it is possible to use our photogrammetric and modelling methods to measure d.b.h., stem volume and possibly other forest inventory metrics, rapidly and without felling trees. The proposed methodology significantly reduces working time in the field, using ‘non-professional’ instruments and automating estimates of dendrometric parameters.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Radović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

scholarly journals Weighing trees with lasers: advances, challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20170048 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Disney ◽  
M. Boni Vicari ◽  
A. Burt ◽  
K. Calders ◽  
S. L. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Non Destructive

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is providing exciting new ways to quantify tree and forest structure, particularly above-ground biomass (AGB). We show how TLS can address some of the key uncertainties and limitations of current approaches to estimating AGB based on empirical allometric scaling equations (ASEs) that underpin all large-scale estimates of AGB. TLS provides extremely detailed non-destructive measurements of tree form independent of tree size and shape. We show examples of three-dimensional (3D) TLS measurements from various tropical and temperate forests and describe how the resulting TLS point clouds can be used to produce quantitative 3D models of branch and trunk size, shape and distribution. These models can drastically improve estimates of AGB, provide new, improved large-scale ASEs, and deliver insights into a range of fundamental tree properties related to structure. Large quantities of detailed measurements of individual 3D tree structure also have the potential to open new and exciting avenues of research in areas where difficulties of measurement have until now prevented statistical approaches to detecting and understanding underlying patterns of scaling, form and function. We discuss these opportunities and some of the challenges that remain to be overcome to enable wider adoption of TLS methods.

scholarly journals Integration, Processing and Dissemination of LiDAR Data in a 3D Web-GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kulawiak ◽  
Marcin Kulawiak ◽  
Zbigniew Lubniewski
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Data Organization ◽  
3D Model Reconstruction ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
3D Lidar ◽  
The City

The rapid increase in applications of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners, followed by the development of various methods that are dedicated for survey data processing, visualization, and dissemination constituted the need of new open standards for storage and online distribution of collected three-dimensional data. However, over a decade of research in the area has resulted in a number of incompatible solutions that offer their own ways of disseminating results of LiDAR surveys (be it point clouds or reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) models) over the web. The article presents a unified system for remote processing, storage, visualization, and dissemination of 3D LiDAR survey data, including 3D model reconstruction. It is built with the use of open source technologies and employs open standards, such as 3D Tiles, LASer (LAS), and Object (OBJ) for data distribution. The system has been deployed for automatic organization, processing, and dissemination of LiDAR surveys that were performed in the city of Gdansk. The performance of the system has been measured using a selection of LiDAR datasets of various sizes. The system has shown to considerably simplify the process of data organization and integration, while also delivering tools for easy discovery, inspection, and acquisition of desired datasets.

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