Reconsideration of the role of shape similarity in preschooler's inference about word meanings

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Takata ◽  
Akane Nishikiori
Keyword(s):  
Shape Similarity ◽  
Word Meanings

scholarly journals 3-4-year-old children rapidly adapt their predictions and use them to learn novel word meanings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Havron ◽  
Alex de Carvalho ◽  
Anne-Caroline Fievet ◽  
Anne CHRISTOPHE
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Syntactic Context ◽  
Novel Words

Adults create and update predictions about what speakers will say next. The current study asks whether prediction can drive language acquisition, by testing whether 3-4-year-old children (n=45) adapt to recent information when learning novel words. The study used a syntactic context which can precede both nouns and verbs to manipulate children’s predictions about what syntactic category will follow. Children for whom the syntactic context predicted verbs were more likely to infer that a novel word appearing in this context referred to an action, than children for whom it predicted nouns. This suggests that children make rapid changes to their predictions, and use this information to learn novel information, supporting the role of prediction in language acquisition.

Using Speakers' Referential Intentions to Model Early Cross-Situational Word Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Frank ◽  
Noah D. Goodman ◽  
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Object Individuation ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Inference Problems ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Situational Learning

Word learning is a “chicken and egg” problem. If a child could understand speakers' utterances, it would be easy to learn the meanings of individual words, and once a child knows what many words mean, it is easy to infer speakers' intended meanings. To the beginning learner, however, both individual word meanings and speakers' intentions are unknown. We describe a computational model of word learning that solves these two inference problems in parallel, rather than relying exclusively on either the inferred meanings of utterances or cross-situational word-meaning associations. We tested our model using annotated corpus data and found that it inferred pairings between words and object concepts with higher precision than comparison models. Moreover, as the result of making probabilistic inferences about speakers' intentions, our model explains a variety of behavioral phenomena described in the word-learning literature. These phenomena include mutual exclusivity, one-trial learning, cross-situational learning, the role of words in object individuation, and the use of inferred intentions to disambiguate reference.

Children's theories of word meaning: The role of shape similarity in early acquisition

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Imai ◽  
Dedre Gentner ◽  
Nobuko Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Shape Similarity ◽  
Early Acquisition

scholarly journals The role of shape similarity in toddlers’ lexical extensions

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Poulin-Dubois ◽  
Ilana Frank ◽  
Susan A. Graham ◽  
Abbie Elkin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Similarity

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Aminifar ◽  
Arjuna Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
System Response ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Degree Reduction ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Interval Type

This paper studies uncertainty and its effect on system response displacement. The paper also describes how IT2MFs (interval type-2 membership functions) differentiate from T1MFs (type-1 membership functions) by adding uncertainty. The effect of uncertainty is modeled clearly by introducing a technique that describes how uncertainty causes membership degree reduction and changing the fuzzy word meanings in fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). Several criteria are discussed for the measurement of the imbalance rate of internal uncertainty and its effect on system behavior. Uncertainty removal is introduced to observe the effect of uncertainty on the output. The theorem of uncertainty avoidance is presented for describing the role of uncertainty in interval type-2 fuzzy systems (IT2FSs). Another objective of this paper is to derive a novel uncertainty measure for IT2MFs with lower complexity and clearer presentation. Finally, for proving the affectivity of novel interpretation of uncertainty in IT2FSs, several investigations are done.

scholarly journals The toponymy of the villages in Ambon Island: A historical and archaeological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Daya Negri Wijaya ◽  
Deny Yudo Wahyudi ◽  
Siti Zainatul Umaroh ◽  
Ninie Susanti ◽  
Rendy Aditya Putra Ertrisia
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Ancient Maps ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Approach

Previously, several toponymy studies have already been conducted both in the Nusa (Island) Ambon as well as in the City of Ambon. However, previous studies have not used the historical-archaeological approach. The use of this approach could ease the researchers to reveal the cross-cultural meeting in a specific locus. Taking the Island of Ambon as a locus, the researchers aim to find the origin of village names and the cultural intersection in Leihitu and Leitimor Peninsula. There were three steps conducted to collect and analyse data using historical-archaeological approach. Firstly, the researchers identified and took a tabulation of the village names, mentioned by the Hikayat Tanah Hitu (The Epic of Hitu Land) and three ancient maps. Secondly, the researchers identified various archaeological remains located in the scattered villages. Finally, the researchers analysed the origin of village names by searching the word-meanings, finding the present locations, and describing the role of the contemporary cultures (Islamic and Colonial period) in the past. The researchers found 12 villages with 22 archaeological remains. All related communities have the archaeological remains which could explain the local dynamics, but there are merely ten villages which name meanings could be identified.

Discovering word forms and word meanings: The role of phrasal prosody and function words

2013 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Millotte ◽  
Elodie Cauvet ◽  
Perrine Brusini ◽  
Anne Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Function Words ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
And Function

Blind children's language: resolving some differences

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine S. Andersen ◽  
Anne Dunlea ◽  
Linda S. Kekelis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTAlthough the role of visual perception is central to many theories of language development, researchers have disagreed sharply on the effects of blindness on the acquisition process: some claim major differences between blind and sighted children; others find great similarities. With audio-and video-recorded longitudinal data from six children (with varying degrees of vision) aged 0; 9–3; 4, we show that there ARE basic differences in early language, which appear to reflect differences in cognitive development. We focus here on early lexical acquisition and on verbal role-play, demonstrating how previous analyses have failed to observe aspects of the blind child's language system because language was considered out of the context of use. While a comparison of early vocabularies does suggest surface similarities, we found that when sighted peers are actively forming hypotheses about word meanings, totally blind children are acquiring largely unanalysed ‘labels’. They are slow to extend words and rarely overextended any. Similarly, although verbal role-play appears early, attempts to incorporate this kind of language into conversations with others reveal clear problems with reversibility – specifically, the ability to understand the role of shifting perspectives in determining word meaning. Examination of language in context suggests that blind children have difficulties in just those areas of language acquisition where visual information can provide input about the world and be a stimulus for forming hypotheses about pertinent aspects of the linguistic system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document