scholarly journals Remote Detection for the Presence of NH3, CO2, CH4, H2S, CO and Other Toxic Gases at Various Locations in a Sewer to Alert the User

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Dr. G. S. Uthayakumar ◽  
F. Albinus Sagay Tomson ◽  
R. Ashwin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Remote Detection ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Sewage Systems

Sewer gasis a complex mixture of toxic and nontoxic gases produced and collected in sewage systems by the decomposition of organic household or industrial wastes, typical components of sewage. Sewer gases may include Hydrogen Sulphide, Ammonia, Methane, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen oxides. This project aims to deliver a system that will be useful in detecting and alerting the user before getting exposed to the toxic gases accumulated inside the sewer. This project uses MQ-135 and MQ-4 sensors to detect various toxic gases such as NH3, CO2, CH4, H2S and CO. This project also has a water level detection sensor which is used to detect the level of water and to reveal any blockage present inside the sewer. These detected gases are measured using the unit “parts per million (ppm)”. It is then compared with the threshold values that have been fed earlier inside the controller. If the detected values are higher than the threshold value, then a warning is sent to the user along with the ppm values. If the detected values are lower than the threshold value, then only the ppm values are shown to the user without any warnings. This project stores the values recorded in a dedicated webpage. This is where the information from our system is displayed to the user.

scholarly journals IoT Based Underground Drainage Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Network System

Underground drainage monitoring system plays an important role in keeping the cities clean and healthy. Compared to other countries, India consists of highest number of sewage workers. Exposure of sewage workers to poisonous gases like hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen oxide increases the death of the sewage workers. The main aim of this project is to design a network system which helps in monitoring poisonous gases present in sewage. Whenever the gas level crosses the threshold value, the information with different gas ppm values is displayed in the smart phone through the app. It also indicates whether it is safe for the manual scavengers to work in the environment or not.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS UDARA DI KAWASAN PARKIR TRANS STUDIO MAKASSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Andi Dala Aprilla ◽  
Rafidah Rafidah
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Standard Set

ABSTRACT     Air pollution causes changes in the composition of air from its normal state. One of the triggers for air pollution such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). The presence of CO and SO2 in basements with a certain amount and being in a long time will disrupt human health. The objective of the research is to determine the air quality at Makassar Trans Studio. The design of the research is observational research using descriptive approach through measuring levels of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide using Odalog 7000. The result of the research shows that on weekdays the levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO) for daytime were 1.6 bds while at night it was 2.4 bds. While sulfur dioxide (SO2) for the daytime is 0.01 bds while at night is 0 bds. While the holiday of carbon monoxide (CO) for daytime is 3.9 bds while at night is 2.1 bds. While sulfur dioxide (SO2) for the daytime is 0.01 bds while at night is 0 bds. From these results the level of Carbon Monoxide (CO) is still below the specified quality standard (25 bds) and the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are still below the standard set quality (2 bds). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the air quality in parking basement of Makassar Trans Studio is still below the Threshold value according to SNI 19-0232-2005. It is recommended for the mall manager to always supervise and monitor the air filter and place the exhaust fan.

scholarly journals Smart Manhole Toxic Gas Identification and Alerting System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Level ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Alerting System ◽  
Gas Identification ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
Mineral Spirits ◽  
Sewage Systems

Even nowadays, sewage systems are cleaned by the manual power. Somewhere they recently stated that “More Indians were dying in cleaning sewers than fighting terrorists in Kashmir”. Sewer gas is a composite amalgamation of venomous and non-hazardous gases, which is collected in sewage systems. Predominantly it also comprises that oxide of carbon, sulphur, nitrogen, ammonia and methane due to the decomposition of organic household or industrial wastes. During the maintenance practice, Sewer gases cause the health issues and fatal death to the labors also due to untreated disposal of petroleum products such as gasoline and mineral spirits. To conquer these impacts, in this proposed system, by using a set of integrated sensors MQ-4, MQ-7, MQ137 were incorporated with microcontroller unit process and LCD Display to quantify toxic gases which is produced in the system. It could be recognize the scale of toxicants and then intimated to the workers to acquire the safety precautions before entering into the manholes. The sensing range for the leak detection sensor should be from 300 ppm to 10,000 ppm. In order to reduce the toxic gases concentration, Sprinkler mechanism is provided with the resource chemical for detoxification treatment. Whenever the gas concentration level exceeds the specified threshold level, an actuator mechanism triggers the sprinkler. To upkeep the sewerage system and Prohibiting Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, labors continually taking risk in their health and life. But they were paid for merely low wages. Despite proactive orders of the Supreme Court, the implementation of the directives remains unrealized, in the wake of frequent deaths. In this special episode of Banega Swachh India campaign, we take a look at how these deaths leave the workers’ family devastated and yet no one claims responsibility for the deaths

scholarly journals COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE OF SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS WASTE IN GAS BURNER SYSTEM/PRESTASI PEMBAKARAN SYNGAS DARI SISA BIOJISIM DALAM SISTEM PEMBAKAR GAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Oryza Mohd Mokhtar ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd Ja’afar ◽  
Mustafa Yusoff ◽  
Mazlan Said ◽  
Muhammad Roslan Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gas Burner

Syngas from biomass residues is an alternative fuel to address the ever-increasing fossil fuel supply problem and the issue of releasing toxic gases from the fossil fuel burning process. Syngas is also a renewable fuel and features environmentally friendly fuel. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of the syngas produced from oil palm shells (PKS) using fluidized bed gasifier. In this study, the produced syngas was tested for its combustion performance from the aspect of gas combustion temperature and resulting emission concentrations such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The resulting syngas was studied at different ratio of air velocities to fuels. From the test, the ratio of velocity of air to fuel affects the gas combustion temperature and emission emission concentration. By increasing the air velocity to fuel ratio during the gasification process produces more positive effects primarily in improving the temperature of the gas burner combustion and reducing carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. However, the concentration of sulfur dioxide release (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) increase.

RUMEN GAS ANALYSIS BY GAS-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McArthur ◽  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Thermal Detector ◽  
Thermal Detection ◽  
Methane Carbon

Methods are described for sampling and analysing rumen gases. The analysis requires less than 15 minutes for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide, i.e., for all gases occurring in the rumen. The method is sensitive and requires only a small quantity of sample, and the sample volume need not be known. The presence of water or other vapours in the sample does not influence the results. Relative thermal detector responses have been determined for gases which occur in the rumen. These eliminate the necessity for the calibration of gas chromatographs using thermal detection. The first complete analysis of rumen gas is presented.

A Numerical Study of the Fixed-Threshold Criterion for Expressing Transient Stability Constraints in Optimal Power Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Warut Suampun
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Threshold Criterion ◽  
Fixed Threshold

A numerical study of the widely used fixed-threshold criterion for expressing transient stability constraints in optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is conducted. Based on a stability-region framework, a more accurate expression of transient stability constraint in TSCOPF is presented. A method for computing system exact threshold values is proposed and employed for the study of threshold values under different conditions. It is shown via numerical results on the WSCC9 and IEEE145 systems that the exact threshold value for each system and contingency is in fact not a constant, and can vary greatly depending on several factors such as types of contingency, loading conditions, and network topology.

scholarly journals Status of Air Pollution Regulations Affecting Gas Turbines in 80 Nations

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ketterer ◽  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Level Concentration ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
Air Pollution Emissions

This paper summarizes regulations from 80 countries covering air pollution emissions from gas turbines. The paper includes emission and ground level concentration standards for particulates, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, visible emissions, and carbon monoxide.

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