The potential of spectroscopy in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Petr Hříbek ◽  
Lucie Habartová ◽  
Kristýna Kubíčková ◽  
Johana Klasová ◽  
Vladimír Setnička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Key Words Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Summary: None of the bio­markers studied so far in the HCC area has yielded higher sensitivity and specificity in the early-stage dia­gnosis than the liver ultrasonography examination. There is an urgent clinical need for establishing a laboratory marker for HCC that meets the requirements for high sensitivity and specificity for the screening and early dia­gnosis of at-risk patients. As a variety of pathological processes, including carcinogenesis, may cause changes in both the concentration and the structure and spatial arrangement of body bio­molecules, the spectroscopic analysis of blood-based derivatives appears to be an appropriate tool for the early detection thereof. In our research, the focus is on the identification of novel bio­markers in blood plasma, which would exhibit sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect early and potentially curable HCC stages, and which would be potentially useful for routine screening of this disease in well-defined at-risk groups. For this purpose, we utilised a unique combination of two chiroptical methods – electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) – supplemented by non-polarised variants – infrared (IR) absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Methods: Blood plasma of 18 selected patients with liver cirrhosis, 8 of which also suffered from HCC, was analysed by a combination of ECD, ROA, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Results: The obtained spectral data were processed by a multivariate statistical evaluation using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The visualisation of the LDA results showed the separation of the two monitored groups with only a slight overlap. Based on the spectral analysis within this preliminary study, sensitivity and specificity for the discrimination between cirrhotic individuals with and without HCC reached 88% and 90% after leave-one-out cross validation, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of 0.975 proved high reliability of the established model. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the combination of advanced spectroscopic methods for the analysis of blood plasma might be a promising tool in HCC dia­gnosis and potentially in the screening thereof. Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma – blood plasma – spectroscopy – cirrhosis

miR-224 is an early-stage biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma with miR-224 and miR-125b as prognostic biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 1485-1500
Author(s):  
Lichao Yang ◽  
Chunmeng Wei ◽  
Yasi Li ◽  
Xiao He ◽  
Min He
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Low Expression

Aim: The aim was to systematically investigate the miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of miRNA expression in HCC were performed. Results: A total of 4903 cases from 30 original studies were comprehensively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-224 in discriminating early-stage HCC patients from benign lesion patients were 0.868 and 0.792, which were superior to α-fetoprotein. Combined miR-224 with α-fetoprotein, the sensitivity and specificity were increased to 0.882 and 0.808. Prognostic survival analysis showed low expression of miR-125b and high expression of miR-224 were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: miR-224 had a prominent diagnostic efficiency in early-stage HCC, with miR-224 and miR-125b being valuable in the prognostic diagnosis.

scholarly journals The APAC Score: A Novel and Highly Performant Serological Tool for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3392
Author(s):  
Joeri Lambrecht ◽  
Mustafa Porsch-Özçürümez ◽  
Jan Best ◽  
Fabian Jost-Brinkmann ◽  
Christoph Roderburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Scoring Tool

(1) Background: Surveillance of at-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly necessary, as curative treatment options are only feasible in early disease stages. However, to date, screening of patients with liver cirrhosis for HCC mostly relies on suboptimal ultrasound-mediated evaluation and α-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement. Therefore, we sought to develop a novel and blood-based scoring tool for the identification of early-stage HCC. (2) Methods: Serum samples from 267 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 122 patients with HCC and 145 without, were collected. Expression levels of soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (sPDGFRβ) and routine clinical parameters were evaluated, and then utilized in logistic regression analysis. (3) Results: We developed a novel serological scoring tool, the APAC score, consisting of the parameters age, sPDGFRβ, AFP, and creatinine, which identified patients with HCC in a cirrhotic population with an AUC of 0.9503, which was significantly better than the GALAD score (AUC: 0.9000, p = 0.0031). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of the APAC score was independent of disease etiology, including alcohol (AUC: 0.9317), viral infection (AUC: 0.9561), and NAFLD (AUC: 0.9545). For the detection of patients with (very) early (BCLC 0/A) HCC stage or within Milan criteria, the APAC score achieved an AUC of 0.9317 (sensitivity: 85.2%, specificity: 89.2%) and 0.9488 (sensitivity: 91.1%, specificity 85.3%), respectively. (4) Conclusions: The APAC score is a novel and highly accurate serological tool for the identification of HCC, especially for early stages. It is superior to the currently proposed blood-based algorithms, and has the potential to improve surveillance of the at-risk population.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Kim ◽  
Sang Hyun Choi ◽  
Ju Hyun Shim ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Seung Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Meta Regression

Our meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to compare the diagnostic performance of sMRI between different protocols. Original articles about the diagnostic accuracy of sMRI for detecting HCC were found in major databases. The meta-analytic pooled sensitivity and specificity of sMRI for detecting HCC were determined using a bivariate random effects model. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of full MRI and abbreviated MRI protocols were compared using bivariate meta-regression. In the total seven included studies (1830 patients), the pooled sensitivity of sMRI for any-stage HCC and very early-stage HCC were 85% (95% confidence interval, 79–90%; I2 = 0%) and 77% (66–85%; I2 = 32%), respectively. The pooled specificity for any-stage HCC and very early-stage HCC were 94% (90–97%; I2 = 94%) and 94% (88–97%; I2 = 96%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of abbreviated MRI protocols were 87% (80–94%) and 94% (90–98%), values that were comparable with those of full MRI protocols (84% [76–91%] and 94% [89–99%]; p = 0.83). In conclusion, sMRI had good sensitivity for detecting HCC, particularly very early-stage HCC. Abbreviated MRI protocols for HCC surveillance had comparable diagnostic performance to full MRI protocols.

Raman Spectroscopy: An Exploratory Study to Identify Post-Radiation Cell Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-562
Author(s):  
Kshama Pansare ◽  
Saurav Raj Singh ◽  
Venkatavaradhan Chakravarthy ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Arti Hole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Clonogenic Assay ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Raman Band ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Resistance to radiotherapy has been an impediment in the treatment of cancer, and the inability to detect it at an early stage further exacerbates the prognosis. We have assessed the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a rapid assay for predicting radiosensitivity of cancer cells in comparison to the conventional biological assays. Cell lines derived from breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma (ITOC-03), and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) were subjected to varying doses of ionizing radiation. Cell viability of irradiated cells was assessed at different time points using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and Raman spectroscopy, and colony-forming capability was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Radiosensitivity observed using MTT assay was limited by the finding of similar cell viability in all the three cell lines 24 h post-irradiation. However, cell survival assessed using clonogenic assay and principal component linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) classification of Raman spectra showed correlating patterns. Irradiated cells showed loss of nucleic acid features and enhancement of 750 cm−1 peak probably attributing to resonance Raman band of cytochromes in all three cell lines. PC-LDA analysis affirmed MCF7 to be a radioresistant cell line as compared to ITOC-03 and HEK293 to be the most radiosensitive cell line. Raman spectroscopy is shown to be a rapid and alternative assay for identification of radiosensitivity as compared to the gold standard clonogenic assay.

Algorithm for blood-based panel of methylated DNA and protein markers to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma with high specificity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4577-4577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga P. Chalasani ◽  
Abhik Bhattacharya ◽  
Adam Book ◽  
Brenda Neis ◽  
Kong Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

4577 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Though biannual ultrasound surveillance with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing is recommended for at-risk patients, its sensitivity for early-stage HCC detection is suboptimal. We therefore evaluated performance of a biomarker panel incorporating methylated DNA markers (MDMs) and proteins for early HCC detection in at-risk patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: In an international, multicenter, case-control study, blood specimens were collected from patients with HCC per AASLD criteria and controls matched for age and liver disease etiology. All patients had underlying cirrhosis or chronic HBV infection. Whole blood was collected in cell-free DNA stabilizing and serum-separation tubes and shipped to a central laboratory for processing. The levels of 5 MDMs, AFP, and AFP-L3 were assessed along with age and sex. We used 537 samples in a 5-fold validation for developing a LASSO regression algorithm to classify samples as HCC positive or negative. Model robustness was tested by perturbing the data in silico and analyzing results with the predictive algorithm. Algorithm performance was compared to AFP alone and the GALAD score (Gender, Age, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP). Results: The study included 136 HCC cases (81 early-stage—BCLC stage 0/A) and 401 controls. With specificity set at 89%, we developed a model using sex, AFP, and 3 MDMs (HOXA1, TSPYL5, B3GALT6) with higher sensitivity (70%) for early-stage HCC compared to GALAD (54%) or AFP (31% at 20 ng/mL or 52% at ≥7.7 ng/mL) (Table). The AUC for the HCC marker panel was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 – 0.94) compared to GALAD (0.88; 95% CI 0.85 – 0.91) or AFP (0.84; 95% CI 0.81 – 0.87). The panel performed similarly in viral (AUC = 0.94) and non-viral (AUC = 0.89) etiologies. Conclusions: The robust algorithm based on novel blood-based biomarkers presented here provides higher sensitivity for early-stage HCC compared to other available blood-based biomarkers and, therefore, could significantly impact HCC clinical management and patient outcomes. Further clinical studies to validate the algorithm are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03628651 . [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HuiFang Li ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
YunZhu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Data System ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography

Abstract Background: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) released by American College of Radiology was a widely used reporting system for patients at risk with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In CEUS LI-RADS, the categories range from definitely benign (LR-1), probably begin (LR-2), intermediate probability of malignancy (LR-3), probably HCC (LR-4) to definitely HCC (LR-5), malignancy (LR-M), or definite tumor in vein (LR-TIV). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Chinese databases to obtain eligible studies reporting on the diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS in patients at risk for HCC. Results: Twelve studies were eligible in the analysis, including 5275 patients, 5739 observations, and 4066 HCCs. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 70% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 65%-74%), 94% (95% CI, 91%-96%) of LR-5 category as predictors of HCC, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of LR-M category as a predictor of non-HCC malignancy were 83% (95% CI, 71%-91%), 94% (95% CI 88%-97%), respectively. The pooled proportions of HCCs were 1% (95% CI 0%-6%) for LR-2, 20% (95% CI, 9%-34%) for LR-3, 78% (95% CI, 67%-88%) for LR-4, 97% (95% CI, 94%-99%) for LR-5, 40% (95% CI, 23%–58%) for LR-M and 100% (95% CI, 93%–100%) for LR-TIV.Conclusion: CEUS LI-RADS is an important tool for the diagnosis of HCC.

Giá trị của cắt lớp vi tính trong đánh giá mạch máu của ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan có chỉ định nút mạch hóa chất

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Hanh Huyen Ton Nu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Digital Subtraction Angiography ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Key Words Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Arterioportal Shunt

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát giá trị của cắt lớp vi tính (CLVT) trong đánh giá mạch máu của ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan (UTBMTBG) có chỉ định nút mạch hóa chất (TACE). Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 63 bệnh nhân UTBMTBG được nút mạch hóa chất (TACE) tại Bệnh viện trường Đại học Y Dược Huế từ 9/2018 đến tháng 10/2020. Mô tả đặc điểm hình ảnh mạch máu của UTBMTBG trên CLVT đối chiếu với chụp mạch xóa nền (DSA). Chẩn đoán UTBMTBG và chỉ định TACE dựa vào hướng dẫn của EASL 2018. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 63,2 ± 11,3. Kích thước trung bình của UTBMTBG là 5,7 ± 3,4 cm, (1 - 14,5 cm). Đặc điểm hình ảnh mạch máu của UTBMTBG trên CLVT và DSA là: ngấm thuốc mạnh (87,3% vs. 96,8%), mạch tăng sinh (58,7% vs. 88,9%), mạch tân sinh (65,1% vs. 88,9%), thông động - tĩnh mạch (6,4% vs. 6,4%), mạch nuôi u ngoài gan (25,4% vs. 19%), biến thể giải phẫu (14,3% vs. 15,9%). CLVT và DSA có sự phù hợp thấp trong khảo sát mạch tăng sinh và mạch tân sinh nhưng có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao trong khảo sát thông động tĩnh mạch, nguồn mạch nuôi u ngoài gan và biến thể giải phẫu. Kích thước u có tương quan thuận với mạch tăng sinh và có ý nghĩa dự báo nguồn mạch nuôi u ngoài gan, mạch tăng sinh, mạch tân sinh và thông động - tĩnh mạch. Kết luận: CLVT có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao trong đánh giá thông động tĩnh mạch, nguồn mạch nuôi u ngoài gan và biến thể giải phẫu. Phân tích đầy đủ hình ảnh CLVT trước can thiệp là rất cần thiết nhằm tối ưu hóa kỹ thuật và hiệu quả điều trị. Từ khóa: Ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan, cắt lớp vi tính, chụp mạch xóa nền, nút mạch hóa chất. ABSTRACT VALUE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHI IN THE EVALUATION OF VASCULAR PATTERNS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA Aim: To determine the additional value of computed tomography in the evaluation of vascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted on 63 HCC patients who underwent transarterial chemoembolization at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 9/2018 to 10/2020. Vascular patterns of HCC were documented on CT and correlated with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Diagnosis and management of HCC were based on the practice guideline of EASL 2018. Results: The mean age was 63.2 ± 11.3 years, the average HCC diameter was 5.7 ± 3.4 cm, (range 1 - 14,5 cm). Vascular patterns of HCC at CT and DSA were hyperattenuating/tumor staining (87.3% vs. 96.8%), hypervascularity (58.7% vs. 88.9%), neovascularity (65.1% vs. 88.9%), arterioportal shunt (6.4% vs. 6.4%), extrahepatic parasitic supplies (25.4% vs. 19%), and anatomical variations (14.3% vs. 15.9%), respectively. There was a low agreement between CT and DSA on hyper and neovascularity. CT had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting arterioportal shunt, extrahepatic supply and anatomical variations. Tumor size had a positive correlation with hypervascularity and was a predictor of hyper/neovascularity, arterioportal shunt, and extrahepatic supply. Conclusion: CT had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting arterioportal shunt, extrahepatic supply and anatomical variations. Careful and comprehensive interpretation of preprocedural computed tomography and angiography is essential to optimize treatment and patient outcomes. Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography, transarterial chemoembolization.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Prospects of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsheng Zhao ◽  
Qin Gao ◽  
Liu Pei ◽  
Chunhua Wang ◽  
Liang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
New Biomarkers

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the highest death rates of any cancer in the world, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Early-stage diagnosis of HCC is thus crucial for medical treatment. Detection of tumor biomarkers is one of the main methods for the early diagnosis of HCC. At present, α-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most practical serum biomarker for HCC diagnosis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of HCC with serum AFP exhibits both sensitivity and specificity far below satisfaction, especially with small sizes of HCC. As a result, the discovery of new biomarkers and/or their combination to enhance both the sensitivity and specificity for laboratory diagnosis of HCC is a crucial goal. With the development of new technology and advances in research, a number of new and specific biomarkers of HCC have been discovered. These biomarkers and their applications for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction of HCC, are reviewed in this article.

Wisp1 as an early stage marker of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dropmann ◽  
T Feng ◽  
T Dediulia ◽  
I Ilkavets ◽  
B Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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