A Tree Selection Survey of Tree City USA Designated Cities in the Pacific Northwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Joshua Petter ◽  
Paul Ries ◽  
Ashley D’Antonio ◽  
Ryan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
The Right

As urban areas expand, there are a greater number of urban trees; however, development often leads to a reduction in urban trees in many areas. A reduction in the canopy volume of trees results in a reduction in the number of benefits. Additionally, urban trees can have additional stressors and must be more actively managed to maintain those services. Selecting tree species for the right site can lead to greater benefits and longer-lived trees. Increasing diversity of urban trees can help to mitigate some of the threats facing urban forests, such as invasive pests and climate change. We surveyed Tree City USA designated cities across Oregon and Washington to explore how they are selecting tree species for their municipalities. Responses were recorded for 79 out of 151 municipalities for a 52.3% response rate. Both open-ended questions and descriptive statistics were used to triangulate how managers are selecting tree species. Emergent themes in open-ended responses indicate a variety of justifications for tree species selection and the challenges of balancing those criteria. There is evidence to suggest that these municipalities are actively diversifying the urban forest; however, there are still 10 municipalities that reported ash (Fraxinus spp.) in their top 5 most frequently planted species in 2016. Many municipalities are still planting large quantities of maple (Acer spp.). Overplanting certain genera and species can lead to an increase in susceptibility to pests and pathogens. We recommend an increase in consideration for the diversification of tree species in urban areas.

How Are Managers Making Tree Species Selection Decisions in the Pacific Northwest of the United States?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Joshua Petter ◽  
Paul Ries ◽  
Ashley D’Antonio ◽  
Ryan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Urban Forest Management

Trees provide an array of social, economic, and ecological benefits; furthermore, trees on public land are critical for providing those benefits to people who cannot afford their own trees. It is important to know how managers make trade-offs and prioritize different tree selection criteria in order to target educational campaigns at the state or regional level. Primary contacts for Tree City USA designated cities were surveyed across the Pacific Northwest. Of these municipalities, 79 out of 151 responded (52.3% response rate), with 6 municipalities providing responses from different departments for a total of 85 responses. Currently, there are primarily descriptive statistics in relation to tree species selection. This study provides a framework for future statistical analysis and greater exploration of how municipalities and managers are selecting tree species. Results were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test to compare International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborists® to those who are not certified across various tree species selection criteria. Another Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare small (≤ 50,000) and large (> 50,000) municipalities across the same criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® showed statistically significant differences from those who are not certified in a number of tree species selection criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® also differed in urban forest management on a city-wide scale, particularly in favoring greater tree species diversity. The differences in urban forest management between ISA Certified Arborists® and noncertified—and between municipality sizes—can help to influence future educational campaigns targeted toward increasing urban forest health and resiliency.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING MALAYSIAN ROADSIDE TREE SPECIES SELECTION MODEL IN URBAN AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramly Hasan ◽  
Noriah Othman ◽  
Faridah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Urban trees are living organisms and vital elements of a city’s infrastructure; thus, they should be considered at every stage of planning design and development. In Malaysia, rapid changes in the environment have indirectly influenced the roadside tree condition such as fallen trees. This is reflected with the statistic increment of public complaints by 39% from 2014 until 2016 regarding the roadside tree problems, which are very worrying for the local authorities. This study aims to develop a Malaysian Roadside Tree Species Selection for guidance in selecting the right tree species for a sustainable city. The objectives of this study are (i) to determine additional attributes in roadside tree species selection, (ii) to examine the relationship between existing and additional attributes and (iii) to develop a Malaysian Roadside Tree Species Selection Model based on these attributes. This research applied the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results produced a Malaysian Roadside Tree Species Selection Model.

scholarly journals Tree Species Selection in Street Planting: It’s relationship with issues in urban area

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramly Hasan ◽  
Noriah Othman ◽  
Faridah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Trees in urban areas are an invaluable resource. Careful consideration and attention should be given to tree species selection. “Right tree at the right place” is the key to get the benefits offered by the tree. Objectives have been formulated as follows (i) to investigate the selection of tree species at selected local councils (ii) to analyse the issues related to the selection of the tree species looking at the public perspectives. A mixed method approach was undertaken in the data collection. Future considerations of the tree species as street planting based on the findings can reduce problems thus increase the quality of urban life.

scholarly journals Cultivating our urban forest future: a value-chain perspective

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2084-2109
Author(s):  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Ryan Plummer ◽  
Amy Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Knowledge Mobilization ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
The Right ◽  
Natural Climate

For cities to grow their urban forest canopy the formula appears rather straightforward: the right trees, plus the right conditions, plus the right care equals success. These simplified “tree chain of custody” steps, however, represent activities within a complex value-chain in Canada. Given that there is heightened demand for urban tree planting as natural climate solutions become the norm, how can we prepare the value-chain to meet these demands? To answer this question, we outline the pathways by which trees presently go from nurseries into urban and peri-urban areas. Delineating the actors, roles, and present barriers to success exposes the complexity of the process and relationships in the value-chain, as there are distinct phases with multiple actor groups involved who influence, and are influenced, by one another. We explore the issues that pose prominent challenges to, as well as opportunities for, the value-chain. Emergent themes include communication, forecasting demand and timing, underpricing and undervaluing tree establishment, lack of awareness on the importance of soils, juvenile tree health, species selection, and gaps in evidence-based decision support tools. The touchstones of science and innovation, collaboration, and knowledge mobilization are pertinent for the value-chain in Canada to draw upon to navigate the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought on the Phenology, Growth, and Morphological Development of Three Urban Tree Species and Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stratópoulos ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Häberle ◽  
Pauleit ◽  
Duthweiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

: Under changing climatic conditions, drought may become a critical constraint for trees in urban areas, particularly at roadsides and highly paved squares. As healthy urban trees have proven to be an important mitigation and adaptation tool for climate change as well as a significant provider of ecosystem services, there is a need for planting species and cultivars capable of coping with the limited water supply. However, data on species’ and cultivars’ response to drought, particularly their water supplying root systems remains rare. To consider the whole plant responses to drought situations, we studied the growth and phenology of three frequently planted tree species and cultivars with a diameter of 5–6 cm during a one-year rainfall exclusion experiment conducted in a nursery field as well as the dry biomass of the compartments branch, stem, and root after excavation. Our results revealed that species’ and cultivars’ performance were linked to their within-plant carbon partitioning. A high tolerance to drought was noted for Acer campestre, with a particularly high ratio of root:shoot ratio, which made it presumably less susceptible to droughts. Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’ was highly affected by the reduced water availability visible through prematurely leaf senescence, while Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ suffered from losing a considerable part of its root biomass, which resulted in the lowest root:shoot ratio of all species and cultivars. This study demonstrated the need for investigating the reaction patterns of species and cultivars by considering both the above-and the below-ground plant parts. We recommend that, for future tree plantings at harsh and challenging urban sites, an important selection criterion should be species’ and cultivars’ capability to develop and retain strong and dense root systems even under limited water supply, as that is believed to be an important trait for drought tolerance.

Vegetation composition on recent landslides in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. Miles ◽  
F. J. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Cascade Mountains ◽  
Vegetation Disturbance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Herb Species ◽  
Common Tree

Shallow, rapid landslides are common events and significant causes of vegetation disturbance in the Pacific Northwest. Landslides remove surface soil and above- and below-ground biomass from steep slopes and deposit them downslope or in streams. Vegetation cover and frequency were sampled on 25 landslides aged 6–28 years in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon. Landslides sampled were debris avalanches ranging in surface area from 36 to 1287 m2, in elevation from 460 to 1100 m, and in slope from 40 to 173%. The landslides originated in undisturbed forests, recently harvested tracts of timber, road cuts, and road fills. Substrates within landslide areas were separated into five types and the vegetation cover was estimated for each: bedrock, 19%; secondary erosion, 25%; primary scar, 51%; secondary deposition, 57%; primary deposition, 71%. Vegetation cover averaged 51% overall and cover ranged from 7 to 88% among landslide sites. No relation between landslide age and vegetation cover was established. Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco was the most common tree species overall and dominated all substrates except bedrock, where no single tree species occurred on more than 20% of the plots. Rubusursinus Cham. & Schlecht. was the most common shrub species on all substrates. Anaphalismargaritacea (L.) B & H and Trientalislatifolia Hook, were the most common herb species on all substrates except bedrock, where annual Epilobium spp. were most common.

Assessing the vulnerability of urban forests to climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ordóñez ◽  
P.N. Duinker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Climate Vulnerability

Climate adaptation is being embraced by many municipalities worldwide. An element of this is the planting and protection of urban trees. However, the fact that climate change will also have an impact on urban trees has been largely overlooked. We argue that climate vulnerability assessments are necessary for addressing climate adaptation in urban forests and contribute to successful climate adaptation in cities. We review and integrate the literature on climate vulnerability and urban forests to explore how the general notion of urban forest vulnerability to climate change can be developed into an operational framework for undertaking a vulnerability assessment. The framework characterizes climate exposure, impact, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, as well as nonclimatic drivers and factors, in urban forests. The most important themes in this discussion include urban tree species selection and diversity, naturalization, resource access, social awareness and engagement, budget and economic valuation, liability issues, and governance structures. Climate change vulnerability assessments help us understand how and why urban forests are vulnerable to climate change, identify future areas for research, and determine what adaptation measures could be included in urban forest management. These assessments help bring climate change to the forefront of the decision-making process and contribute to successful urban adaptation to climate change.

Community Context and Strip Mall Retail

2008 ◽  
Vol 2060 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Roadside Management ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Patronage Behavior ◽  
Business District

Strip malls (or mini-malls) are a common land use, historically promoted by U.S. zoning practices that concentrate retail and commercial development in a narrow band along urban arterials and major streets. They are an entry-level retail niche offering opportunity for independent, start-up businesses that serve a limited market. Communities have begun to question land uses that enable efficient ingress and egress of vehicles in retail and commercial districts but give little attention to multimodal motility. Some communities are redeveloping small mall zones on the basis of “complete street” principles, expanding landscape plantings, and redeveloping the character of a business district. This study assessed public response to one element of small mall (re)development: landscape and vegetation. Prior studies indicated that consumer behavior is positively associated with city trees (urban forest) on multiple cognitive and behavioral dimensions. In mail surveys depicting varied roadside treatments, residents of three major cities in the Pacific Northwest were asked to indicate preferences and perceptions about proposed changes. Survey stimulus materials addressed visual quality, retail perceptions, patronage behavior, wayfinding, and willingness to pay for goods and services. Combined econometrics and psychometrics indicated that respondents prefer landscaped roadsides and report positive retail behavior, such as willingness to pay 8.8% more for goods and services in well-landscaped malls. Redevelopment and roadside management guidelines are proposed based on the research results, with implications for the economics of local communities.

scholarly journals Can Trait-Based Schemes Be Used to Select Species in Urban Forestry?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Watkins ◽  
Andrew Hirons ◽  
Henrik Sjöman ◽  
Ross Cameron ◽  
James D. Hitchmough
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
The Right

Urban forests in northern Europe are threatened by climate change and biosecurity risks, and in response, city planners are urged to select a wider portfolio of tree species to mitigate the risks of species die-off. However, selecting the right species is a challenge, as most guidance available to specifiers focuses on ecosystem service delivery rather than the information most critical to tree establishment: the ability of a species to tolerate the stresses found in a given place. In this paper, we investigate the potential of using ecological techniques to describe ecological traits at the level of species selection, and the potential of functional ecology theories to identify species that are not widely discussed or specified at present but might be suitable. We collected trait data on 167 tree species across 37 genera, including 38 species within a case study genus, Magnolia L., and tested four theories that posit ways in which traits trade off against each other in predictable ways. We found that at this scale, most species recommended for urban forestry tend to be ordinated along an axis of variation describing pace of life and stress tolerance, and that most Magnolia species are described as being fast-growing rather than stress-tolerant, although there is a degree of inter-specific variation. Further, we found that only one theory offers a succinct and reliable way of describing physiological strategies but translating ecological theory into a form appropriate for urban forestry will require further work.

scholarly journals Residents' Attitudes towards the Residential Urban Forest in Metropolitan City: A Case Study from Bharatpur City in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Yam Bahadur K.C. ◽  
Sagarika Sedhai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Risk Of Fall

Urban forests are critical element in ameliorating urban habitats and building sustainable cities. Local residents are the key players in maintaining greenery of the city as they collectively own majority of land in most cities. Therefore, they need to engage in planting and retaining trees on their properties in order to reach canopy cover in urban areas. The project surveyed 200 local residents in Bharatpur Metropolitan City to examine their attitude towards trees on their property on the basis of 'Affective', 'Behavioral' and 'Cognitive' ABC model of attitude. Results show that majority of the residents have positive attitude towards trees as they have high cognitive intention towards trees, and showed willingness to retain the existing trees and add more in future. However, very few are cognizant of the environmental values of trees. The most common positive effects of trees on their property are food, shade, and clean and fresh air. The most common negative effects are increase in bushes and weeds, wildlife hazards and risk of fall due to wind. Urban planners interested in influencing residents' decisions about urban trees need to work on public outreach. Residents need to be motivated and made aware of the long term and multifunctional benefits of trees for retaining the existing trees and planting more in their property. They should also, be made aware of the type of trees that are suitable for plantation on residential property in order to avoid the problems that can be created due to trees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document