scholarly journals The Arboricultural and Economic Benefits of Formative Pruning Street Trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Ryder ◽  
G.M Moore
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Platanus Acerifolia ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Quercus Palustris ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

Research was undertaken to determine the need for, and costs of, formative pruning recently planted street trees. Specimens of Corymbia citriodora (48), Platanus × acerifolia (104), Pyrus calleryana (79), Quercus palustris (65), and Ulmus parvifolia (52) were surveyed. Health was similar for all species, but form and structure varied. Data showed that codominant stems (68%) and included bark (40%) in the canopy or trunk were by far the most common structural defects. Codominant stems were reported in 92% of all Ulmus parvifolia, 66% of Quercus palustris, 61% of Pyrus calleryana, 44% of Platanus × acerifolia, and 19% of Corymbia citriodora. The number of trees of a species that displayed no structural defects was 25% or less except for Corymbia citriodora with 60% showing no structural defects. The pruning required to rectify these structural defects was recorded and then multiplied by a time factor for pruning with secateurs (hand pruners), a handsaw, or a pole pruner. Total time was then converted to an economic cost using current labor market prices. Platanus × acerifolia required the most work per tree with a final formative pruning cost of AUD $4.13 followed by Ulmus parvifolia ($3.25), Pyrus calleryana ($2.76), Quercus palustris ($1.62), and Corymbia citriodora ($0.99). This compares with an average cost of $44.59 per tree for structural pruning 20 year old trees. Formative pruning makes sound arboricultural and economic sense.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Marshalling Model for Enterprise Station Freight Railway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Guo ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Zili Xie ◽  
Jiawei Wen ◽  
Nanshan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Energy Consuming

Railway marshalling and transportation is an important component of the production supply chain for large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Traditional inefficient manual-made marshalling plans usually are not optimal in time or energy consuming. An efficient method needs to be developed to find the optimal marshalling plans automatically. This paper mainly studies the railway train automatic marshalling in large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Based on the investigation at the train station of a certain enterprise, according to the railway track information, carriage information, and production task information, this paper designs the abstracted railway state definitions of the station. Then based on the state definitions, the scheduling rules, and the objective function of time cost and economic cost, this paper converts abstract scheduling instructions into a general railway automatic marshalling model which can be executed by computers. By introducing the greedy strategies into different situations to optimize the algorithm of tracks occupation, carriages selection and train path selection in the model, the planning efficiency can be improved while ensuring the economic benefits of the enterprises and the quality of the formation plan. The experimental results show that the proposed model can generate fewer marshalling plans and find the optimal one faster in most cases, which proves the feasibility and availability of the model.

scholarly journals Lives or Livelihoods? Perceived Trade-Offs and Policy Views

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Settele ◽  
Cortnie Shupe
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Condition

Abstract We study the role of perceived trade-offs between human lives and economic benefits in shaping policy views. In an online experiment with a representative sample from the US conducted during the early Covid-19 pandemic, we provide randomized information on the medium-run costs of restricting economic activity to mitigate infections. A one standard deviation lower perceived economic cost of lockdowns increases support by about twice as much as having a Covid at-risk condition, and by half as much as being a Democrat. Varying projected health benefits has a similar effect. Personal exposure to health risks reduces people’s responsiveness to cost-benefit considerations.

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic Benefits of Sharing Economy: Colleague-Based Carpooling Service in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MyungSik Do ◽  
HoYong Jung
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Saving Effect

Carpooling—a concept of shared transportation for addressing traffic issues such as congestion and CO2 emissions—has been actively introduced, especially in developed countries. This study proposes a method to estimate the benefits of introducing carpooling for employees in public agencies that are transferring innovation cities. To overcome the shortcomings of previous carpooling services, a carpooling service for inter-company employees was designed and evaluated in our study. The traffic flow theory was used to estimate the direct benefits to carpooling users and the indirect benefits to express highway drivers. The results indicate that carpooling services have a significant socio-economic cost-saving effect on traffic congestion, environmental cost reduction, and so forth, and will therefore play an important role in traffic demand management.

Economic and Reliable Preventive Maintenance Scheduling in Power Systems by Using Binary Crow Search Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Adel A. Abou El Ela ◽  
Ragab El-Sehiemy ◽  
Abdullah M. Shaheen ◽  
Ayman S. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test System ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Matlab Programming

The generation system is an important part of the power system. The problem of generator maintenance scheduling is provided to construct optimal generators preventive maintenance schedules. It aims to improve economic benefits and achieve reliable operation of the power system while satisfying the system and maintenance constraints. In this paper, the binary crow search algorithm is proposed for solving the scheduling problem. This model would schedule maintenance scheme and commitment status of generating units while the objective functions are achieved. The crow search algorithm is a new meta-heuristic optimizer, which has its implementation very simple and easy compared to other optimization techniques. To verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed binary crow search optimizer, three test systems namely 6–unit, 21–unit system, and IEEE reliability test system are considered over the planning horizon of 52 weeks. The proposed optimizer is implemented in the MATLAB programming environment. Techno-economic aspects are considered for the generator's maintenance scheduling problem as reliability enhancement economic cost-minimizing issues. The proposed binary crow search optimizer is developed for single and multi-objective frameworks. The simulation results show the proposed binary crow search technique effectiveness and feasibility compared with previously optimizer in solving the generators maintenance scheduling problem with better convergence rate.

Development Scale Analysis for Coal Derived Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) under China Energy Security

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3830-3835
Author(s):  
Dan Gao ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Dong Fang Jiang ◽  
Lin Wei Ma ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Elasticity Coefficient ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Nature Gas ◽  
Gas Price ◽  
Gas Supply

Natural gas plays an important role in industry, transportation and electric power. The first of all problems to solve is to ensure energy security while meeting the demand for gas. Through analyzing the connotation and the frame of energy security, it clears about the significant of the security of energy and gas supply in China, and sets up the benefits and losses model of natural gas, analyzes the loss of economic cost and the obtained economic benefits based on the process of SNG to protect natural gas security. By analyzing the case, the results show that there exists a most advantage point between the loss of economic cost and the obtained economic benefits in the process of natural gas security, China could develop SNG scale of 50 billion cubic meters production by the end of 2030, at this time, it will get the maximum net income of nearly 5 billion RMB. In addition, the results show that the two most important parameters which influence the profits and losses are energy consumption GDP elasticity coefficient and the nature gas price in the process of SNG guaranteeing natural gas security.

Research on Structural Composition of Long-Life Asphalt Concrete Pavement

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1107-1111
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Chang Qing Xu ◽  
Xue Ming Wen
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Pavement Structures

Combined with the actual case of Punan highway, Long-life pavement structures are analyzed, and the engineering economic cost benefit ratio method and net present value method are applied for the economic benefit analysis. The conclusion is as follows: The research on the asphalt concrete long-life pavement structure includes a complete set of technology, such as the structure, material, construction and economic benefit analysis, and is a complete research system. We should choose the best solution after we fully consider all the factors affecting the economic benefits when we make the decision-making for the pavement structures.

Power Purchase Optimization Model Based on the External Cost of Power Generation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1468-1471
Author(s):  
Dun Nan Liu ◽  
Qing Qi Chen ◽  
Chao Chun Luo ◽  
Xiang Qi Li ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
The Government

With a significant crisis of energy and environment, low-carbon and clean power resources have gotten strong support from the government. As wind power, solar power and other new energies develop rapidly, the social and economic benefits become increasingly apparent. A new power purchase optimization model is applied in this paper that takes external cost of power generation into account, translates the external cost into economic cost and then analyzes the optimal power purchase policy. In the end, based on the power purchase data of a provincial grid in 2013, this paper studies the optimal power purchase order to prove the feasibility of the optimization model.

scholarly journals Leaf-Gas Exchange of Five Tree Species at Urban Street Sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Gillner ◽  
Sandra Korn ◽  
Andreas Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urban Sites

For street trees, site-specific soil and microclimate conditions can restrict growth, health, and longevity for many species. Many urban sites are characterized by a high amount of impervious surface and paved areas resulting in a high rate of surface runoff, low infiltration into soil, and strong reradiation effects. In maintaining the ecologic and economic benefits of street trees through future decades, it is essential to establish species with a high tolerance to stressful urban environments. Researchers measured leaf-gas exchange of Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Platanus × hispanica, Quercus rubra, and Tilia platyphyllos to assess stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net photosynthesis at impervious urban sites in the city of Dresden, Germany. The results show significantly higher leaf-gas exchange rates for the species Platanus × hispanica and Quercus rubra, compared to the species Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus. The significantly higher mean values of water-use efficiency of Platanus × hispanica and Quercus rubra, and in particular the values during the selected periods with a high vapor pressure deficit, indicate more economical water consumption.

scholarly journals Impact of Tourism Development on the Quality of Life: A case study of Perhentian Island, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Aleff Omar Shah Nordin ◽  
Fathilah Ismail ◽  
Nurain Yasmin Mohd Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research was to identify the perceptions of the local community toward tourism development impacts on Perhentian Island. Specifically, the research examined the local community’s perceptions of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and environmental impacts of tourism development. The research also examined the relationship between the impacts of tourism development on the local community’s quality of life (QOL). This research was conducted using a quantitative approach by obtaining responses from 272 local community respondents on Perhentian Island. A household survey based on purposive sampling techniques was conducted to select a suitable sample. The findings of the study revealed that the positive impacts of tourism development outweighed the negative impact. Based on local community perceptions, they believed that tourism development improved their quality of life. This study also finds the impact of social-cultural benefit, economic benefits, economic cost, and environmental benefits have a significant relationship with quality of life. However, there is a negative relationship between the impact of social-cultural cost and environment cost on the quality of life. The findings of this study are important for planners and developers in planning strategic and sustainable tourism development on tourism destinations.

scholarly journals The impacts of second home tourism on socio-cultural and economic life: The residents’ perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Furkan Baltaci ◽  
Aydin Cevirgen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Tourism Impact ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Second Home ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to determine the perceptions of permanent residents on the impact of foreign second home owners on the socio?cultural and economic life of the city, and the residents? level of satisfaction in terms of living with them. As part of the research, a questionnaire study was carried out with 453 residents who reside in areas where there is a predominance of second home owners. The Second Home Tourism Impact Scale (SHTIS) was developed to measure the impacts of second home owners. In the results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), four main factors were identified to be associated with residents? perceptions of the sociocultural and economic impacts of second home owners. These factors included socio?cultural benefit, sociocultural cost, economic benefit, and economic cost. These factors were then affirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the main findings of the study, the residents believe that while foreign owners increase the economic costs, they also generate major economic benefits to their lives. In terms of socio?cultural aspects, they stated that second homes owners caused more positive effects compared to the negative ones. Moreover, it was identified that although the residents are not dissatisfied with the foreign owners, they do not support the foreign owners to have more estates and be entitled to easier conditions to buy them.

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