scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Glucose and Starch Partitioning in Live Oak

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Tomas Martinez-Trinidad ◽  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Old Field ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Source Sink

Carbohydrate translocation, which follows anatomical and developmental patterns, is ruled by source-sink relations where energycontaining compounds are moved from sources of production to sinks of utilization. Seasonal carbohydrate concentrations in various tree parts were measured and compared in 10 cm (4 in) trunk diameter live oaks (Quercus virginiana P. Miller). Tissue samples from roots, trunks, twigs and leaves were collected from three-year-old field-grown trees on four dates throughout the 2005–2006 seasons. Laboratory analyses of glucose and starch were performed, and values were compared and contrasted according to sample location and time of year. Glucose levels were significantly higher in leaves during the winter (P ≤ 0.001), while starch concentrations were significantly higher in root and trunk tissues during the spring and winter assessments (P ≤ 0.001). Carbohydrate concentrations varied among tissues sampled within the tree. This study provides valuable information on the spatial and temporal partitioning of energy reserves, glucose and starch, in live oak so that arborists will have a better understanding of tree vitality, and the effects and environmental impacts of arboricultural treatments.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilizer Placement Affect Root and Canopy Growth of Trees Produced in In-ground Fabric Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson ◽  
E.F. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Chinese Elm

Abstract Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ‘Drake’) were transplanted from 3.8 liter (#1) containers into 35-cm (14 in) fabric containers in sandy soils. Irrigation or fertilizer was applied all inside, half-in half-out (50/50), or all outside the fabric container during a 2-year production cycle. For live oak, neither irrigation nor fertilizer placement increased fine root mass within the fabric container. Maximum trunk diameter was achieved by applying both irrigation and fertilizer inside the container. For Chinese elm, applying either fertilizer or irrigation inside or half-in half-outside the container increased fine root mass within the harvested root ball. Elm shoot growth was greatest with 50/50 placement of both irrigation and fertilizer. Field site influenced the effect of Irrigation on shoot growth, but not root mass. Greater fine root mass occurred in the heavier soil type

scholarly journals Impact of Paclobutrazol on Root-pruned Live Oak

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Martínez-Trinidad ◽  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
Russell K. Book
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the overall growth and vitality of root-pruned, field-grown live oak (Quercus virginiana). Live oak trees with 10-cm trunk diameter (measured 30 cm aboveground) were treated with full rate (0.8 g·cm−1 trunk diameter) of PBZ as basal drenches, full or half rate (0.8 or 0.4 g·cm−1 trunk diameter) of PBZ and trenching at 45 cm from trunk, full or half rate of PBZ and trenching at 60 cm from trunk, trenching alone at 45 or 60 cm from trunk, and only water. Trunk diameter and canopy growth was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and new root growth was also reduced by applications of PBZ, root pruning, or both. Starch content in twigs decreased and glucose content increased on treatment by full-label rates of PBZ and root pruning at 60 cm. PBZ and/or root pruning caused slight improvements in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Results of this research indicate that PBZ (full rate) in combination with root pruning (45 cm) reduces tree growth and exhibits an overregulation effect for at least 16 months after treatment. Therefore, PBZ applications on root-pruned trees can temporarily decrease root and tree growth and improve foliage chlorophyll fluorescence.

scholarly journals Effect of Tree Size, Root Pruning, and Production Method on Establishment of Quercus virginiana

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Chris Harchick ◽  
Maria Paz
Keyword(s):  
Potential Field ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Establishment Rate

Significant differences may exist in establishment rate between trees planted from containers and those from field nursery. Containergrown plants have root balls with deflected roots which could impact establishment. Slicing root balls at planting could improve postplanting performance of container-grown trees. Sixty live oak 170 L containers were planted into landscape field soil. Root balls from 30 of these containers were sliced prior to planting. Thirty field-grown trees of slightly larger size, and 30 smaller trees from 57 L containers, were also planted. During dry periods in the first 432 days after planting (DAP), 57 L container trees had the least negative xylem potential. Field-grown trees had the most negative xylem potential when irrigation was withheld 12 DAP. Slicing root balls had little impact on xylem water potential in drought. Defoliation was greater for 170 L container trees than for 57 L containers. Trunk diameter increase of 57 L containers and field-grown trees was greater than for 170 L containers. Field-grown trees grew less in height. Root system radius was similar for 170 L containers and field-grown trees, and greater than 57 L containers. Small trees appear to establish quicker than larger trees.

scholarly journals Production Method and Irrigation Affect Root Morphology of Live Oak

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Michael D. Marshall ◽  
Edward F. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak

Abstract Trees of live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) were container-grown (CG) or field-grown (FG) to a mean trunk diameter of 9.4 cm (3.7 in), transplanted into sandy soil, and established with frequent or periodic irrigation. Three years after transplanting, trees were harvested with a 1.5 m (60 in) diameter tree spade. Root number and root cross-sectional area was evaluated for all roots at the periphery of the tree-spade-dug root ball. Despite similar increases in trunk diameter, FG trees had greater root number and root cross-sectional area than CG trees. The greater root cross-sectional area occurred in roots 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) in diameter at soil depths of 0–25 cm (0–9.8 in) and 75–100 cm (29.5–39.3 in). Irrigation frequency after transplanting had no effect on root number in FG trees. However, root number in CG trees was lower without frequent irrigation.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Soil Application as it Relates to the Timing of Utility Right-of-Way Pruning

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Haugen ◽  
Kevin Tucker ◽  
Alex Smalling ◽  
Emily Bick ◽  
Steve Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Ideal

The plant growth regulator paclobutrazol’s effect on live oak trees (Quercus virginiana) was evaluated to determine optimum timing of application and pruning time in Louisiana. Variables considered included length of branch regrowth, branch distance to conductor, pruning time and biomass chipping time. Data were evaluated to determine the ideal application timing of paclobutrazol relative to time of pruning. Live oak trees treated with paclobutrazol had significantly reduced branch regrowth, pruning time and chipping time, as compared to control trees regardless of application timing. Paclobutrazol application on live oak trees was idealized within 90 days pre- to 90 days post-prune. Economically, significant gains were found by utilizing this tool ranging from 180 days pre- to 180 days post-prune, allowing for application timing flexibility to reduce the growth of trees near power lines. Paclobutrazol treated live oak trees demonstrated significantly less re-growth response.

Comparison of Salt and Ester Formulations of Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. L. Ketchersid ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Extensive Degradation ◽  
Ulmus Alata

Under Texas conditions, the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) usually was more effective than the isooctyl ester formulation for control of live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), yaupon(Ilex vomitoriaAit.), winged elm(Ulmus alataMichx.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.), and honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell). Possible reasons for the difference in effectiveness of picloram formulations were studied in the laboratory. Extensive degradation of the ester of picloram (96%) occurred in open Petri dishes after 72 hr exposure to ultraviolet (uv) light, compared to a loss of 26% for the salt of picloram. Forty-five percent of the isooctyl ester of picloram was lost at high temperatures (60 C), whereas only 2% of the potassium salt of picloram was lost after 1 week at 60 C from open Petri dishes in a dark oven. Application of the ester to soils reduced thermal and ultraviolet light degradation losses compared to losses from open Petri dishes. Loss of the ester was greater when applied in diesel oil to Petri dishes than in either water or paraffin oil. The salt of picloram leached most after 12.5 cm simulated rainfall in soil columns to the 17.5 to 30-cm level (907 μg), followed by the acid (360 μg), and last the isooctyl ester (0 μg). However, considerable acid (161 μg) was recovered at the 32.5 to 45-cm depth from the isooctyl ester treatment exposed to wet soils for 3 days, indicating hydrolysis of the ester to acid.

Hexazinone and Other Herbicides on Texas Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] was applied to honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthosL.), honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), post oak (Quercus stellataWangenh.), saw greenbrier (Smilax bona-noxL.), whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.). Bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} were used for comparison in some experiments. Hexazinone was required at the following rates to kill at least 75% of the following species: 1.1 kg/ha for live oak, 2.2 kg/ha for post oak, 4.5 kg/ha for huisache (at Bryan, Texas) and whitebrush, and 9 kg/ha for honeylocust. Hexazinone was ineffective at 9 kg/ha for control of honey mesquite, huisache (at Washington, Texas), Macartney rose, saw greenbrier, and yaupon. Tebuthiuron at 1.1 kg/ha killed 80% of the live oak, and as a subsurface spray at 4.5 kg/ha, killed huisache (at Washington, Texas). Bromacil was effective on huisache at 9 kg/ha.

Real-Time PCR Quantification Of Virginia Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) Pollen

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. AB18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Glaum ◽  
Eileen Rifkin ◽  
Jia-Wang Wang ◽  
Richard F. Lockey ◽  
Dennis K. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak

scholarly journals Effect of Glucose on Recovery of Energy Metabolism following Hypoxia—Oligemia in Mouse Brain: Dose-Dependence and Carbohydrate Specificity

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Welsh ◽  
Renee E. Sims ◽  
Ann E. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Unilateral cerebral hypoxia–oligemia was produced in anesthetized mice using carotid artery occlusion combined with systemic hypoxia (10% O2). In the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion, ATP levels were depleted during a 30-min insult, but were restored to 64% of control during 60 min of recovery. Pretreatment of animals with glucose diminished the restoration of ATP in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, when blood glucose levels exceeded 12–13 m M (225 mg/dl), ATP recovery was greatly impaired. Neither galactose nor 3- O-methylglucose mimicked the detrimental effect of glucose. However, pretreatment with mannose, which is readily metabolized by brain, impaired restoration of ATP. The impairment, therefore, appears to be specific for substrates of cerebral metabolism. The ischemic accumulation of lactate in the ipsilateral cortex was augmented by only 30% at blood glucose levels well above the threshold for ATP recovery. Thus, unless recovery of energy metabolism is sensitive to small increments in brain lactate, it is difficult to explain the glucose-induced energy failure on the basis of enhanced lactic acidosis. Ipsilateral cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine during hypoxia and recovery, was lower in glucose-pretreated than in saline-pretreated animals. However, the poor correlation between CBF and ATP, measured in the same tissue samples at 15 min recovery, failed to substantiate that regeneration of ATP was flow-limited early in recovery.

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