scholarly journals Effect of Glucose on Recovery of Energy Metabolism following Hypoxia—Oligemia in Mouse Brain: Dose-Dependence and Carbohydrate Specificity

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Welsh ◽  
Renee E. Sims ◽  
Ann E. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Unilateral cerebral hypoxia–oligemia was produced in anesthetized mice using carotid artery occlusion combined with systemic hypoxia (10% O2). In the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion, ATP levels were depleted during a 30-min insult, but were restored to 64% of control during 60 min of recovery. Pretreatment of animals with glucose diminished the restoration of ATP in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, when blood glucose levels exceeded 12–13 m M (225 mg/dl), ATP recovery was greatly impaired. Neither galactose nor 3- O-methylglucose mimicked the detrimental effect of glucose. However, pretreatment with mannose, which is readily metabolized by brain, impaired restoration of ATP. The impairment, therefore, appears to be specific for substrates of cerebral metabolism. The ischemic accumulation of lactate in the ipsilateral cortex was augmented by only 30% at blood glucose levels well above the threshold for ATP recovery. Thus, unless recovery of energy metabolism is sensitive to small increments in brain lactate, it is difficult to explain the glucose-induced energy failure on the basis of enhanced lactic acidosis. Ipsilateral cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine during hypoxia and recovery, was lower in glucose-pretreated than in saline-pretreated animals. However, the poor correlation between CBF and ATP, measured in the same tissue samples at 15 min recovery, failed to substantiate that regeneration of ATP was flow-limited early in recovery.

scholarly journals Vanadyl Sulfate Treatment Stimulates Proliferation and Regeneration of Beta Cells in Pancreatic Islets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Missaoui ◽  
Khémais Ben Rhouma ◽  
Mohamed-Tahar Yacoubi ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
Olfa Tebourbi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

We examined the effects of vanadium sulfate (VOSO4) treatment at 5 and 10 mg/kg for 30 days on endocrine pancreas activity and histology in nondiabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In diabetic group, blood glucose levels significantly increased while insulinemia level markedly decreased. At the end of treatment, VOSO4at a dose of 10 mg/Kg normalized blood glucose level in diabetic group, restored insulinemia, and significantly improved insulin sensitivity. VOSO4also increased in a dose-dependent manner the number of insulin immunopositive beta cells in pancreatic islets of nondiabetic rats. Furthermore, in the STZ-diabetic group, the decrease in the number of insulin immunopositive beta cells was corrected to reach the control level mainly with the higher dose of vanadium. Therefore, VOSO4treatment normalized plasma glucose and insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity in STZ-experimental diabetes and induced beta cells proliferation and/or regeneration in normal or diabetic rats.

Enzymatic digest of whey protein and wheylin-1, a dipeptide released in the digest, increase insulin sensitivity in an Akt phosphorylation-dependent manner

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4635-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Ogiwara ◽  
Wakana Ota ◽  
Takafumi Mizushige ◽  
Ryuhei Kanamoto ◽  
Kousaku Ohinata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Increase Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Wheylin-1 is the first whey-derived peptide that increases insulin sensitivity in an Akt phosphorylation-dependent manner and lowers blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Hypoglycemic Evaluation of Alangium Salviifolium Root Extract

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahad H. A. ◽  
Padmaja B. S ◽  
Yesupadam P ◽  
Guruprakash P ◽  
Sravanthi M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

.The main purpose of present study was to perform phytochemical screening and explore the anti-hyperglycaemic properties of Alangium salvifolium root extract in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. A. salvifolium root gave maximum extractive values of 6.4 % w/w with Ethanol and other parameters were within limits. The extract gave positive tests for phytosterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, carbohydrates and alkaloids. The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was found to be nearly as potent as tolbutamide in decreasing the blood glucose levels in normal fasting rats. In normal control group the percent reduction in blood glucose indicated that the extract is fast acting. The extract showed significant decrease in blood glucose, when compared with tolbutamide. The evaluated blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased up to 24th h compared to tolbutamide. A single oral administration of alcoholic extract at doses 100, 250 and 500 mg per kg produced a significant blood glucose reduction in a dose dependent manner in normal and diabetic rats. These data confirm the hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effect of alcoholic extract of A. salvifolium root in normal and diabetic rats respectively when compared with standard drug tolbutamide.Keywords: Alangium salvifolium; Ethanolic extract; Alloxan induced; Hypoglycaemic action.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7047                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 393-402 (2011)

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Micromeria Graeca Aqueous Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Amine Azzane ◽  
Fadwa El Ouady ◽  
Abdelhadi Moujani ◽  
Farid El Khallouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Dpph Method

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Micromeria graeca on blood glucose levels and lipid parameters in an experimental model of diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of Micromeria graeca (M. graeca) aerial parts (AEMG) under physiological (normal rats) and pathological (STZ-induced diabetic rats) conditions. Additionally, we analyzed the phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Methods: The effects of the acute and sub-chronic administration of AEMG (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis was carried with standard tests and estimation of total phenolics compounds by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was realized by the DPPH method. Results: Single oral administration of M. greaca aqueous extract decreased blood glucose levels 4 and 6 hours (p<0.01) after treatment in diabetic rats. In accordance, the repeated oral administration of M. graeca showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats since the second day to the end of the period experiment (p<0.0001). In addition, two weeks of treatment with M. graeca reduced total cholesterol levels (p<0.05) with a significant increase of HDL-c level (p<0.01) in diabetic rats. Moreover, M. graeca scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=0.48 mg/ml), whereas IC50 was 0.55 mg/ml for BHT. Phytochemical analysis showed the richness of Micromeria graeca on polyphenols (281.94±4.61 mg GAE/1 g), flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, sterols, sesquiterpenes, and terpenoids. Conclusion: AEMG exhibits antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats and a potent antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Hibiscus noldea (Malvaceae) Aqueous Extract Prevents Insulin Resistance and Protects Pancreatic Islets From Dexamethasone Damages in Rat.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngueguim Tsofack Florence ◽  
Djientcheu Tientcheu Jean Philippe ◽  
Donfack Jean Hubert ◽  
Gounoue Kamkumo Raceline ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Desire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p><em>Hibiscus noldea</em> leaves-stems aqueous extract is used in Cameroonian traditional medecine to manage diabetes. To investigate the preventive effect of <em>Hibiscus noldea</em> aqueous extract on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, the animals received one of the following treatments: distilled water (10 mL/kg), metformine (200 mg/kg), or <em>H. noldea</em> (100 or 200 mg/kg) concomitantly with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, ip) for ten days. Body weight was evaluated daily and blood glucose levels were measured. At the end of experiment, insulin sensitivity test was performed and lipid profile, transaminases Aspartate amino transferase, Alanin amino transferase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Histological analysis of the liver was investigated to estimate glycogen content using Periodic Acid Schiff coloration and histomorphometry of pancreatic islets area was performed.</p><p>The administration of dexamethasone during ten days induced body weight loss, hyperglycaemia, insulinresistance, an imbalance in lipid profile, an increase in transaminases and oxidative stress. Dexamethasone treatment also induced an increase in the pancreatic islets area and depletion in the levels of hepatic glycogen. Concomitant administration of dexamethasone and the aqueous plant extract prevented the rise in blood glucose levels, reduced insulinresistance, improved lipid profile and oxidative status. The aqueous extract of <em>H. noldea</em> prevented the use of glycogen storage and the increase in pancreatic islet area in dose dependent manner.</p><p>Conclusion: The stem leaves aqueous extract from <em>Hibiscus noldea</em> have the ability to reduce insulinresistance via its antihyperglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. These results justify the use of this extract in the management of diabetic state.</p>

Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia by Rheum spiciformis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats and Characterization of Isolated Compound

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Aashiq Bhat ◽  
Khalid Dar ◽  
Mohammad Zargar ◽  
Akbar Masood ◽  
Showkat Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Compound

AbstractThis study evaluates the ameliorative potential of Rheum spiciformis methanolic (RS-MeOH) extract in reducing oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in albino rats along with characterization of possible therapeutic compound(s). Groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw plant extract (RS-MeOH ) decrease blood glucose levels from 359.9±8.2 to 209.5±8.5 mg/dl (50 mg/kg bw) and 354.7±13.3 to 162.5±7.4 mg/dl (100 mg/kg bw) on the 0th and 14th day (P<0.001) respectively. This reduction in blood glucose was significant as compared to glibenclamide (20 mg/dl) which reduced glucose levels from 297.7±11.39 to 132.9±8.74 mg/dl on 0th and 14th day respectively. Biochemical parameters triglycerdies, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and creatinine were also reduced in a dose dependent manner. Liver marker enzymes were positively modulated by administration of RS-MeOH (P<0.001). Antioxidant enzyme profile showed an enhanced/better pattern after the administration of RS-MeOH extracts for reduced glutathione, reduced glutathione (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione–S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both liver and pancreas. Moreover pancreatic histopathology reports revealed β-cell restorative effects with RS-MeOH, thereby potentiating its role in improving blood glucose levels. RS-MeOH purification and isolation studies involving GC-MS and NMR techniques revealed presence of emodin type compounds in RS-MeOH. Overall Rheum spiciformis showed ameliorative action on oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, however further studies to explore the mechanism of action of possible therapeutic compound in invivo clinical trials will prove beneficial for the advancement of new oral antidiabetic drug.

scholarly journals Biological efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles against diabetes: a preliminary study conducted in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Md. Mamun Or Rashid ◽  
Md. Giash Uddin ◽  
Fataha Nur Robel ◽  
Mohammad Salim Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract The antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were assessed in mice. ZnONPs were prepared by reacting Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NaOH solution at 70°C with continuous stirring and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice, and then the blood glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method. The experimental results revealed that ZnONPs suggestively (p&lt;0.001) declined the blood glucose levels (39.79%), while these reductions were 38.78% for the cotreatment of ZnONPs and insulin, and 48.60% for insulin, respectively. In the hypoglycemic study, ZnONPs (8 and 14 mg/kg b.w) reduced approximately 25.13 and 29.15% of blood glucose levels, respectively. A similar reduction was found in the OGTT test, which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. Overall, ZnONPs possess a potential antidiabetic activity, which could be validated by further mechanistic studies.

scholarly journals Expression and Characterization of a Potent Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Like Agonist, Exendin-4-Fc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yanlu Zan ◽  
Yi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Long Acting

AbstractHuman GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) can produce a remarkable improvement in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its clinical benefits are limited by its short half-life, which is less than 2 min because of its small size and rapid enzymatic inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. We engineered Exendin-4-Fc, a 66-kDa fusion protein by linking an IgG2 Fc to Exendin-4. A stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell line was obtained using electroporation. Exendin-4-Fc stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells in a dose- and glucose-dependent manner and increased insulin mRNA expression. The plasma half-life of Exendin-4-Fc in cynomolgus monkeys was approximately 133.92 ± 25.1 h. In the KKAy mouse model of diabetes, one intraperitoneal injection of Exendin-4-Fc (1 mg/kg) reduced blood glucose levels for 5 days. A 4-week repeat-administration study identified sustained effects on blood glucose levels. Oral glucose tolerance tests conducted at the beginning and end of this 4-week period showed that Exendin-4-Fc produced a stable glucose lowering effect. In addition, KKAy mice treated with Exendin-4-Fc showed statistically significant weight loss from day 23. In conclusion, these properties of Exendin-4-Fc demonstrated that it could be a potential long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Intraoperative Changes in Blood Glucose Levels Increase the Risk of Death in Cardiac Surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hager ◽  
E Giorni ◽  
A Felli ◽  
B Mora ◽  
M Hiesmayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels
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