scholarly journals Tree Establishment: A Review of Some of the Factors Affecting Transplant Survival and Establishment

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Daniel Struve
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Tree Establishment ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Job Site

Transplant success and tree establishment depend on a chain of events from propagation, to production, to harvest, to shipping, to maintenance on the job site, to transplanting techniques, to aftercare. Failure to follow proper practices at any step in this sequence will compromise transplant success and establishment. This article reviews some of the factors that induce transplant shock and slow establishment of transplanted nursery stock such as root and mineral nutrient loss, soil moisture stress and xylem vessel cavitation, and methods used to reduce transplant shock.

scholarly journals Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO<sub>2</sub> and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keenan ◽  
R. García ◽  
A. D. Friend ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
C. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Forest Growth Model

Abstract. Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ("ORCHIDEE"), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ("GOTILWA+"), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.

scholarly journals Erratum: Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Gunaratne ◽  
Upul Kumari Ratnayaka ◽  
Nihal Sirisena ◽  
Jennet Ratnayaka ◽  
Xiangli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress

FACTORS AFFECTING MORTALITY OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (HÜBNER), IN ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 841-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Early Instar

AbstractA combination of laboratory and field trials, from 1983 to 1985, were used to determine mortality factors affecting all life stages of Alberta populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), feeding on corn. The resulting life table demonstrated that greatest mortality occurred during the first and second larval instars (62.2%), when mature larvae are in diapause (69.5%), and from moth migration and loss in reproductive potential (70.3%). Stages where mortality was slight included the egg stage (11.7%), non-diapausing third- to fifth-instar larvae (2%), and pupae (10.4%).Laboratory trials showed that greater egg mortality occurred at relative humidities (RH) of 35 and 55% than at a RH of 75%. In the field, egg parasitism was nil, predation of early-instar larvae (5.2%) and diapausing larvae (6%) was low, and parasitoids were scarce (emerging from ca. 2% of pupae). Sustained periods of hot, dry weather with high moisture stress were related to mortality of both eggs and early-instar larvae. Death of early-instar larvae also was related to periods of rainy weather with low evaporation. The 64% non-diapause larval mortality was much lower than that reported elsewhere. The dramatic increase in the corn borer since its recent introduction to Alberta may be due to a lack of natural enemies, and because only non-resistant corn hybrids are grown.

scholarly journals Assessing Vascularization Response of Three Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Cultivars to Soil Type, Nutrient Stress, and Water Stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Sanders ◽  
Jennifer D. Cure ◽  
Pamela M. Deyton ◽  
Randolph G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Subjective Rating Scale

Amount of vascular development (veininess) is an important quality factor for processing wholepack tomatoes. The influences of nutrient and soil moisture stress on the amount of vascular development in `Chico III', `Dorchester', and `Roma' tomato fruit were studied. Fruit subjected to nutrient stress showed the highest amount of veininess. Fruit exposed to moisture stress after initial fruit set did not differ from controls in amount of veininess. Amount of vascularization did not differ among cultivars. A method for quantifying veininess was developed and compared with a traditional subjective rating scale. There was a high correlation (r2 = 0.77) between the subjective rating and quantitative measurement of veininess.

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