scholarly journals Callery Pear Cultivars Tested As Street Trees: Final Report on a 12-year Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Henry Gerhold
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Callery Pear

Cooperators in the Municipal Tree Restoration Program planted nine Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) cultivars in 11 Pennsylvania, U.S. communities for evaluation as street trees, comparing two cultivars (three in one case) in each community. Cooperators measured them annually with standardized methods for 3 years and then at 3-year intervals until the 12th year. The most noteworthy differences occurred in tree height and crown width. The tallest were Aristocrat™, ‘Cleveland Select’, and ‘Redspire’, attaining more than 8 m (26 ft) on average by the twelfth year and even 10.3 m (34 ft) in one community. ‘Autumn Blaze’, evaluated only at one location, was ≈1.5 to 2 m (5 to 6.6 ft) shorter in the 12th year. Heights of the other cultivars, tested at just one or two locations, were similar to the tallest ones. Crown widths differed more in the first 9 years than at the twelfth when on average most were ≈6.5 m (21.5 ft) wide. Cleveland Pride ®, ‘Cleveland Select’, Valiant ®, and ‘Whitehouse’ were narrower than the others until the ninth year, but only ‘Cleveland Select’ at ≈5.6 m (18.5 ft) remained narrower in the twelfth year and not everywhere. All cultivars were in good health during the whole period, although the foliage of ‘Whitehouse’ exhibited minor injuries in many years. As street trees, the Callery pears were not invasive and did not yet experience branch breakage, which can become a serious problem. All of the cultivars are too tall to be planted under utility wires.

scholarly journals CARBON SEQUESTRATION ESTIMATION OF STREET TREES BASED ON POINT CLOUD FROM VEHICLE-BORNE LASER SCANNING SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
Q. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Laser Scanning System

Continuous development of urban road traffic system requests higher standards of road ecological environment. Ecological benefits of street trees are getting more attention. Carbon sequestration of street trees refers to the carbon stocks of street trees, which can be a measurement for ecological benefits of street trees. Estimating carbon sequestration in a traditional way is costly and inefficient. In order to solve above problems, a carbon sequestration estimation approach for street trees based on 3D point cloud from vehicle-borne laser scanning system is proposed in this paper. The method can measure the geometric parameters of a street tree, including tree height, crown width, diameter at breast height (DBH), by processing and analyzing point cloud data of an individual tree. Four Chinese scholartree trees and four camphor trees are selected for experiment. The root mean square error (RMSE) of tree height is 0.11m for Chinese scholartree and 0.02m for camphor. Crown widths in X direction and Y direction, as well as the average crown width are calculated. And the RMSE of average crown width is 0.22m for Chinese scholartree and 0.10m for camphor. The last calculated parameter is DBH, the RMSE of DBH is 0.5cm for both Chinese scholartree and camphor. Combining the measured geometric parameters and an appropriate carbon sequestration calculation model, the individual tree’s carbon sequestration will be estimated. The proposed method can help enlarge application range of vehicle-borne laser point cloud data, improve the efficiency of estimating carbon sequestration, construct urban ecological environment and manage landscape.

Siklus Akuntansi, Transparansi, Dan Akuntabilitas Atas Penggunaan Dan Pertanggungjawaban Keuangan Dana BOS Di SDIT X Di Depok, Jawa Barat

Liquidity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Yumniati Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Management Team ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Financial Accountability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Investigation in various regions in Indonesia found indications of the alleged fraud that result from unccountable use and management of BOS funds. Among the findings, including payments that do not fit the technical guidelines, no accountability report, and the use of funds with unaccountable receipt. In the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of No. 161/2014, stated that: BOS is a government program that is basically forfunding the nonpersonnel operating costs of the primary education as the implementer of compulsory education program. The purpose of this study were (1) to analyze the accounting cycle and financial accountability for the use of BOS funds in the 2015, (2) to analyze the compliance of the accounting cycle and financial accountability of the BOS funds, (3) to analyze the transparency and accountability of BOS fund’s reports. The observed elementary school is SDIT X in Depok, West Java. Result shows that they do not fully compliance to the appropriate regulatory technical guidelines. On the other hand, the transparency and accountability issues show that: (1) BOS Management Team, Teachers Council and School’s Committee’s involvement in the BOS fund management, and (2) evaluation and comparison of the final report of prior periods, so that transparency and accountability of the use and management of BOS funds can be improved.

scholarly journals Generic Additive Allometric Models and Biomass Allocation for Two Natural Oak Species in Northeastern China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Shengwang Meng ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Haibin Wang ◽  
Huimin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Biomass Models ◽  
Mongolian Oak

Current models for oak species could not accurately estimate biomass in northeastern China, since they are usually restricted to Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) on local sites, and specifically, no biomass models are available for Liaodong oak (Quercuswutaishanica Mayr). The goal of this study was, therefore, to develop generic biomass models for both oak species on a large scale and evaluate the biomass allocation patterns within tree components. A total of 159 sample trees consisting of 120 Mongolian oak and 39 Liaodong oak were harvested and measured for wood (inside bark), bark, branch and foliage biomass. To account for the belowground biomass, 53 root systems were excavated following the aboveground harvest. The share of biomass allocated to different components was assessed by calculating the ratios. An aboveground additive system of biomass models and belowground equations were fitted based on predictors considering diameter (D), tree height (H), crown width (CW) and crown length (CL). Model parameters were estimated by jointly fitting the total and the components’ equations using the weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression method. A leave-one-out cross-validation procedure was used to evaluate the predictive ability. The results revealed that stem biomass accounts for about two-thirds of the aboveground biomass. The ratio of wood biomass holds constant and that of branches increases with increasing D, H, CW and CL, while a reverse trend was found for bark and foliage. The root-to-shoot ratio nonlinearly decreased with D, ranging from 1.06 to 0.11. Tree diameter proved to be a good predictor, especially for root biomass. Tree height is more prominent than crown size for improving stem biomass models, yet it puts negative effects on crown biomass models with non-significant coefficients. Crown width could help improve the fitting results of the branch and foliage biomass models. We conclude that the selected generic biomass models for Mongolian oak and Liaodong oak will vigorously promote the accuracy of biomass estimation.

Efficacy of five herbicide treatments for control of Pyrus calleryana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
James T. Vogt ◽  
David R. Coyle ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Chris Barnes ◽  
Christopher Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Callery Pear ◽  
Cut Stump

Abstract Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is rapidly spreading in the United States, gaining attention in the last two decades as a serious invasive pest. Recommended control methods include foliar, basal bark, cut stump, and hack-and-squirt application of herbicides, but there are few published studies with replicated data on efficacy. Four readily available herbicidal active ingredients and a combination of two active ingredients were tested for control efficacy against P. calleryana in old-field areas and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) understory. Basal bark applications (triclopyr, triclopyr + aminopyralid), foliar applications (glyphosate, imazapyr), and a soil application (hexazinone) effectively killed P. calleryana with the exception of hexazinone at one site, where rainfall may not have been optimal. Foliar application of glyphosate provided the most consistent control. Our results demonstrate efficacy of registered herbicide formulations for P. calleryana control in two geographic locations and two habitat types. The need for development of integrated pest management programs for P. calleryana is discussed.

TRIPLOID APPLE VARIETIES OF SUMMER RIPENING SELECTION VNIISPK ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCK 54-118

1970 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
А. M. Galasheva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
The World ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the world and in Russia, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, breeder Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov created a series of triploid apple cultivars from intervalent crosses 2х × 4х. Triploid apple cultivars bear fruit more regularly, have higher self-fruitfulness and have fruits of high marketability. The article presents data on the study of triploid apple cultivars of the summer ripening period of the VNIISPK breeding - Augusta, Daryona, Maslovskoye, Osipovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas as well as the control Canadian cultivar Melba on a semi-dwarf clone rootstock 54-118. Maslovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas have immunity to scab. The orchard was planted in 2014, the garden planting scheme was 5 x 2 m. The indicators of the growth force (tree height, crown width and stem diameter) and the yield of trees were studied. At the age of six, the trees of triploid cultivars reached a height of 2.2 m (Maslovskoye) to 3.0 m (Yablochny Spas) on a semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118. The highest indicators of crown volume (3.3-5.3 m3), crown projection area (4.2-5.3 m2) and the cross-sectional area of the stem (46.5-52.8 cm2) were in Osipovskoye, Yablochny Spas, Zhilinskoye and Spasskoye. The highest yield in an average of three years was given by triploid scab-immune apple cultivars on a semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118: Maslovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Water Soaked in Saligrama Stone – A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M. R. Suchitra ◽  
S. Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rare Elements

<em>Saligrama</em> otherwise called <em>Shaligram</em> or <em>Salagrama</em> is a fossilized shell stone usually recovered from the banks of the Gandaki river in Nepal. It is supposed to be a sacred symbol of Hindus. Soaking the stone in water for twenty to thirty minutes and partaking the water was considered to give good health. Hence, we mobilized two stones which were authorized as original by experts. The first one was worshipped for more than 5 years and the other one for two years. The water soaked was around 25 ml which was analysed for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay with plain water without soakage as control. The antioxidant property was significantly found in both the stones with more activity in the stone worshipped for more than 5 years. We did not standardize the volume and the duration of soakage to exact values while it was approximated to around 20 – 30 minutes. We suggest more refined studies with estimation of rare elements needs to be performed to establish the beneficial effects of this sacred <em>saligrama</em> stone.

Being a beneficent observer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Action ◽  
Good Health ◽  
School Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Habits Of Mind

Beneficent observers reframe others’ behaviors to become more open to a range of possible meanings. Instead of assuming rudeness, we consider that the other person has a har­ried schedule. Instead of assuming coldness, we consider that the other person is painfully shy. Instead of assuming insult, we consider that the other person has no idea this is a sensitive topic for us. Instead of assuming disrespect, we consider that the other person knows little about our classroom expertise and achieve­ments. We choose to think “What else could it be?” rather than assuming a deliberate affront. When we are beneficent in the ways we see others, we change how we feel about and speak to them and the ways we speak to others about them: 1. We contribute to our own sense of calm and stability, our own good health. 2. We feel less like an adversary and more like a strong, compas­sionate, generous- of- spirit member of the school community. 3. We let them be them without taking on the negative views we have of them or that they have of us. 4. We essentially demagnetize ourselves. We are no longer pulled into others’ drama. We leave their anger, jealousy, and rude behaviors with them. 5. We realize that our own thresholds for tolerance and pre­ferred behaviors may be causing our suffering more than any intentional action by the “offending” person. 6. We are willing to give the other a moment of grace and the benefit of the doubt to see behavior as simply that: behavior 7. We devote ourselves to helping rather than hindering goodwill. 8. We ask ourselves: “What could I say, do, and think that mod­els compassion?” 9. We sometimes offer a silent benediction to those who rankle us: “May you be well, may you be happy, may you be free from suffering.” These habits of mind happen neither quickly nor easily, but they are worth the effort, inch by inch, step by step, healthy habit by healthy habit.

scholarly journals Height-Diameter Equations for Ten Tree Species in the Inland Northwest

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Dean Stuck
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Prognosis Model

Abstract Individual tree height-diameter equations were developed for ten major species in the inland Northwest. The Wykoff function in the Stand Prognosis Model and the Lundqvist function were fit to data which included many large-sized trees. The two models fit the data equally well for all species. Prediction results using the existing Prognosis equation, the refitted Wykoff function, and the Lundqvist function showed that the three models predicted similar heights for trees of small diameter. However, both the refitted Wykoff function and the Lundqvist function predicted larger tree heights for trees with dbh greater than 20 in. for most species. The estimated heights for tree diameters of 70 or 80 in. from the Lundqvist function were closer to the observed "asymptotic" tree heights than the other two. The Lundqvist function showed lower prediction errors for the validation data for the majority of the tree species, especially for large-sized trees. West. J. Appl. For. 11(4):132-137.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Correlation among Resin Yield, Growth, and Morphologic Traits of Pinus massoniana

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Zhichun Zhou ◽  
Huihua Fan ◽  
Yurong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn breeding programs, the variations and relationships among main traits need to be understood to develop selection and breeding strategies. Resin is considered as one of most important non-timber production of P. massoniana which can privides terpenes used in the chemical industry. The present study assessed the genetic variations in growth, morphologic traits, and resin yield, as well as the phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits of 45 half-sib families of eight-year-old Pinus massoniana trees. All traits show highly significant family effects. The individual heritability for diameter at breast height (DBH) was the highest (hi2=0.55). Heritabilities for resin yield, tree height, crown depth, and the height to the live crown were slightly lower than DBH, ranging from 0.32 to 0.45. The other traits were under weak genetic control and heritabilities ranged from 0.17 to 0.20. All growth and morphologic traits were significantly correlated genetically with resin yield. Number of living branches had the highest genetic correlation with resin yield (rg=0.99), followed by DBH and number of living whorls (rg=0.73 and 0.70). Only a moderate positive genetic correlation with resin yield was found with the other traits (rg=0.47-0.57), except for height under the living branches (rg=-0.45). The results of this study indicate that both resin yield and growth can be improved simultaneously in the next generation. Of the traits assessed DBH was the optimum trait for indirectly selecting high-yielding resin trees.

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