scholarly journals COLLEGE CONVERSION INTO QUARANTINE CENTER: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON COVID-19 MITIGATION MEASURES AT KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE MOMBASA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Winnie Barawa ◽  
Dr. Marsellah Ogendo ◽  
Rhoda Nchogu ◽  
Rachael Mwende ◽  
Caroline Mramba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
College Staff

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the perception of students towards COVID- 19 mitigation measures that were to be implemented by the institution before and after resumption of studies.Methodology: The study was done at KMTC-Mombasa using descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants (Students) were selected using multi stage sampling and sample size determination was done using Fischers statistical formula at a confidence level of (p=95%), n=253. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire through online surveys and focused group discussions via online platform. Data analysis was done using SPSS and excel then results were presented using tables and narrations.Results: 60.5% (153) of respondents recommended fumigation of campus facilities especially hostels and classrooms while 11.5% (29) recommended physical distancing measures before reopening. 41.5% (105) of respondents suggested the college should provide masks, sanitization points and adequate hand washing facilities after reopening while 19.4% (49) suggested there should be physical distance indicators in classrooms. The respondents preferred the implementation of preventive measures before resumption (p=0.047). Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: During pandemic, students are keen on infection prevention and strategies put in place by institution management. Fumigation of college facilities, provision of masks, sanitizers and hand washing points were identified as key measures to be implemented for the safety of the students. After students have resumed they should be enlightened on COVID-19 through   multiple communication channels. COVID-19 Response Committee comprising of college staff and student representatives should be established.

scholarly journals COLLEGE CONVERSION INTO COVID-19 QUARANTINE CENTER: READINESS OF STUDENTS TO GO BACK TO COLLEGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rachael Mwende ◽  
Caroline Mramba ◽  
Dominic Mutonga ◽  
Rhoda Nchogu ◽  
Marsellah Ogendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Formula

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess students’ readiness to go back to college after closure due to COVID-19.  Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design which was done at KMTC-Mombasa Campus. Participants (Students) were selected using multi stage sampling and sample size determination was done using Fischer’s statistical formula at a confidence level of (p=95%), n=253. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire through online surveys and focused group discussions via online platform. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Excel then results presented using tables and narrations. Results: 76.7% (194) of the respondents were ready to get back to college immediately while 23.3% (59) were willing to resume studies later. The main reason for respondents wanting to go back to college immediately was to finish school (n=60). 67.8 % (40) of the respondents who wanted to go back later feared contracting COVID-19. 78% (175) of respondents were aware that college had been used as quarantine center yet they were still ready to go back to college immediately. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The closure of learning institutions globally during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. Readiness of college students to resume studies in an institution used as a quarantine centre for clients suspected of having a highly infectious disease has not been examined in literature. The findings of this study are useful to policy makers and leaders in education sector as normalcy resumes and learning institutions are opened. 

scholarly journals COLLEGE CONVERSION INTO QUARANTINE CENTRE: PARENTS’ PERCEPTION ON SAFETY AT KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE, MOMBASA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Japheth Ogada ◽  
Rita Miriti ◽  
Marsellah Ogendo ◽  
Winnie Barawa ◽  
Florence Hawa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Learning Institutions

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine perception of parents on safety of their children upon resumption of face-to-face studies at Kenya Medical Training College, Mombasa after its temporary conversion into COVID-19 quarantine centre. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design done at KMTC-Mombasa. 85 (10%) parents were sampled by convenience method from total population of 850. Multi stage sampling was used to select 85 participants. Data was collected through structured phone administered interview. Response rate was 85.8% (73). Descriptive analyses were carried out using SPSS 26. Presentation of the results was done by use of graphs, pie charts and tables. Findings: 65.8% (48) of parents were aware of KMTC Mombasa having being converted into COVID-19 quarantine centre. Most parents 91.8% (67) felt safe for their children to go back to college. Availability of clear information about safety measures was cited by 69% (46) of the parents as the reason they felt the students would be safe. Only 6 parents (8.2%) felt unsafe for their children. They explained that COVID-19 spreads quickly in congested places like schools and that the college was ‘highly infectious’ as a quarantine centre. There was a significant relationship between parents perception of safety of the college and their proposition of dates of reopening the college (p=0.01). Parents generally considered the college facilities conducive for use (Mean=61.33%). Unique contribution to theory, practice and Policy: The views of parents as key stakeholders when learning institutions are converted into quarantine centers during a pandemic have not been explored in literature. Parents who perceived the college as safe would allow their children to go back to college and resume face-to-face learning as soon as possible. However, parents who perceived the college as unsafe would stop their children from going back to college. For smooth learning, it is important for college management to ensure that necessary safety measures are put in place and communicated to parents before reopening of college.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Nikmatur Rohmah ◽  
Fariani Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Before And After

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years

Disability Onset among Aging Canadians: Evidence from Panel Data

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Hum ◽  
Wayne Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTPast studies of aging and disability have been restricted to and by cross-sectional data. When cross-sectional surveys measure income, disability status and age at a common point in time, it is impossible to discern the process, and consequences, of a disability onset. In other words, it is not possible to examine the circumstances of the same individuals before, and after, the disability onset; nor whether effects differ according to the age at which the disability occurs. The present study uses a new panel data set, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), to examine the prevalence of disability with respect to age, gender, and other socio-economic characteristics; however, its unique contribution is its investigation of disability onset, and the rates of entry into, and exit from, disability status by age group and gender. Further, we assess the financial circumstances of those who become disabled vis-à-vis a “control group”.

scholarly journals Low SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence based on anonymized residual sero-survey before and after first wave measures in British Columbia, Canada, March-May 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Inna Sekirov ◽  
Suzana Sabaiduc ◽  
Macy Zou ◽  
Muhammad Morshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Community Transmission

Background: The province of British Columbia (BC) has been recognized for successful SARS-CoV-2 control, with surveillance data showing amongst the lowest case and death rates in Canada. We estimate sero-prevalence for two periods flanking the start (March) and end (May) of first-wave mitigation measures in BC. Methods: Serial cross-sectional sampling was conducted using anonymized residual sera obtained from an outpatient laboratory network, including children and adults in the Greater Vancouver Area (population ~3 million) where community attack rates were expected to be highest. Screening used two chemiluminescent immuno-assays for spike (S1) and nucleocapsid antibodies. Samples sero-positive on either screening assay were assessed by a third assay targeting the S1 receptor binding domain plus a neutralization assay. Age-standardized sero-prevalence estimates were based on dual-assay positivity. The May sero-prevalence estimate was extrapolated to the source population to assess surveillance under-ascertainment, quantified as the ratio of estimated infections versus reported cases. Results: Serum collection dates spanned March 5-13 and May 15-27, 2020. In March, two of 869 specimens were dual-assay positive, with age-standardized sero-prevalence of 0.28% (95%CI=0.03-0.95). Neither specimen had detectable neutralizing antibodies. In May, four of 885 specimens were dual-assay positive, with age-standardized sero-prevalence of 0.55% (95%CI=0.15-1.37%). All four specimens had detectable neutralizing antibodies. We estimate ~8 times more infections than reported cases. Conclusions: Less than 1% of British Columbians had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 when first-wave mitigation measures were relaxed in May 2020. Our findings indicate successful suppression of community transmission in BC, but also substantial residual susceptibility. Further sero-survey snapshots are planned as the pandemic unfolds.

scholarly journals COLLEGE CONVERSION INTO QUARANTINE CENTER: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON SAFETY AT KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE, MOMBASA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Marsellah Ogendo ◽  
Garama Mramba ◽  
Rhoda Nchogu ◽  
Rachael Mwende ◽  
Winnie Barawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the perception of students of Kenya Medical Training College Mombasa on its safety after conversion into a quarantine center.Methodology: The study was conducted at KMTC Mombasa, using a descriptive cross-sectional design, where students were selected using multistage sampling. Sample size determination was done using Fischer’s statistical formula at a confidence level of 95% (p=95%). Data was collected using a structured online survey questionnaire and a focused group discussion. Analysis of data was done using SPSS and results presented in Excel tables and narrations.Findings: 65.2% (165) of the students felt the college was safe for resumption of studies while 34.8% (88) felt the college was unsafe. 56% (93) of those who felt the college was safe stated that safety is a personal responsibility and that they would observe the recommended measures. 22% (36) had confidence that the institution would implement all the measures possible to ensure safety of the facility upon reopening. Two reasons advanced by the students as to why they felt the college was unsafe were; proximity of the college to an isolation center and interaction with other students cited by 31% (27) and 30% (26) of the students respectively. The study demonstrated a significant relationship between students’ department and how comfortable they were to use the hostels after getting back to college (p=0.036).  Students felt safest to use the library while the toilets were the least safe.Unique contribution to theory, practice and Policy: The perception of students towards safety of their learning institution after its use as quarantine center during a pandemic has not been reported in literature. The findings of this study are important for leaders and policy makers across sectors in guiding decision making in instances where public facilities may need to be converted to serve other purposes. Stakeholders may have reservations as to whether the usual users are going to feel safe in such facilities after its temporary use. 

scholarly journals Hand hygiene practices in the context of Ebola virus disease: A cross-sectional survey of Lagos residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modupe R Akinyinka ◽  
Omowunmi Q Bakare ◽  
Esther O Oluwole ◽  
Babatunde A Odugbemi
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: The Ebola virus disease outbreak that ravaged parts of West Africa has been described as the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times. Hand washing was promoted among other measures for infection prevention. Objective: This study assessed the awareness of Ebola virus disease and hand-washing practices among Lagos residents, southwest Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. A total of 1982 respondents aged 18 ⩾ years were selected using a multi stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection between August and November 2015. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, with level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Almost all (97.3%) respondents were aware of Ebola virus disease, with over half of respondents having heard about it from television. A majority of 1890 (95.4%) respondents were aware of the importance of hand washing in disease prevention. Similarly, high proportions of respondents were aware they should wash their hands after an outing, toilet use, touching pets, before and after meals, while 1628 (82.1%) of respondents knew to wash their hands after a hand shake. However, less than half of respondents (38.8%) always washed their hands after handshakes. Discussion: A majority of respondents surveyed were aware of Ebola virus disease and hand washing, but the practice of hand washing, which is key in prevention of infection, lagged behind the knowledge of the respondents.

scholarly journals Hygiene practices in abattoir and slaughter slab, determinants and assessment of abattoir and slaughter slab facilities in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State South-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914-23
Author(s):  
Adaoha Pearl Agu ◽  
Cosmas Kenan Onah ◽  
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo ◽  
Richard Chukwuka Nnabu ◽  
Alfred Friday Igwe Una
Keyword(s):  
Hand Washing ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Good Hygiene

Background: Workers in slaughterhouses engaging in unhygienic practices create conducive environments for zoonoses and meat contamination. Knowledge of hygiene practices and their determinants provides evidence for the design of targetedinterventions.Objectives: We investigated knowledge and determinants of hygiene practices among workers in slaughterhouses and assessed slaughterhouse facilities in Abakaliki.Methods: Workers in the Central Meat Market abattoir and Slaughter slab Abakaliki were interviewed in a cross-sectional quantitative study to ascertain their knowledge and hygiene practices while abattoir facilities were assessed using a checklist. Associations were analysed with Chi-square while predictors were determined using binary logistic model.Results: We interviewed 188 workers 75.5% and 85.6% of whom had good knowledge and good hygiene practices respectively. However, hand-washing before and after handling meat (44.1%), cleaning work surfaces with soap and water (45.2%) and sanitary disposal of waste (6.9%) were suboptimal. Knowledge of good hygiene practice was a predictor of good hygiene practice (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.0-11.3, p=0.001). Well water and borehole were present in both slaughterhouses and cold rooms were available in Central Meat market abattoir.Conclusions: The level of good knowledge was high and this was a determinant of good hygienic practices. Training on hygiene practices is recommended to prevent meat contamination and zoonoses. Keywords: Knowledge; Hygiene Practices; Abattoir; Slaughter slab; Determinants; Ebonyi; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an educational session to sensitise the resident medical officers of a medical teaching institute in Mumbai towards cadaveric organ donation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4369
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Resident medical officers play a critical role in facilitating conversion of potential deceased donors to actual donors. Since residency is the last opportunity for formal medical training, we contemplated deficiencies in knowledge might originate and a session of sensitization would disseminate updated information about organ donation. This study aims to assess the change in the knowledge and attitude of resident doctors towards organ donation after a programme of sensitization.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in March 2018 among newly inducted resident medical officers of KEM Hospital, Mumbai, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Using complete enumeration, 75 newly inducted resident doctors were approached out of which 49 consented to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and perception before and after a programme of sensitization using a pre-test post-test study design.Results: Few numbers (18.36%) of resident doctors were aware of the various terminologies related to organ donation. There are lacunae in knowledge about difference between brainstem death, cardiac death and the organs that can be donated in each case. Moreover, participants who were initially unwilling to pledge for organ donation, were ready to pledge their organs post the sensitisation session (Z=-3.162, p=0.002).Conclusions: Participants knowledge improved over the programme of sensitization.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN CUCI TANGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PHLEBITIS DI RS JIH SOLO

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Sarwoko . ◽  
Titik Anggraeni ◽  
Titi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyebab dari terjadinya infeksi phlebitis bisa disebabkan oleh hygiene petugas dan pasien yang kurang melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar. Perawat melakukan tehnik cuci tangan yang aktif untuk menghilangkan organisme gram negatif sebelum dan setelah  melakukan prosedur pemasangan infus. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara cuci tangan dengan kejadian phlebitis pada pasien di Rumah Sakit. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif, deskriptif korelasi dengan  pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi nya adalah perawat dan pasien di Rumah Sakit. Metode sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 45 perawat dan pasien. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi pelaksanaan cuci tangan dan tanda-tanda phlebitis. Analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi tabulasi dan analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi Kendall-tau. Hasil: Pada penelitian cuci tangan didapatkan hasil mayoritas perawat sebanyak  93,3% telah melakukan prosedur cuci tangan dengan cukup baik sebelum maupun sesudah memasang infus pada pasien. Untuk kejadian phlebitis diketahui sebagian besar pasien tidak ada tanda-tanda plebitis dengan karakteristik tersebut sebanyak 82,2%. Hasil pengujian korelasi Kendall-tau diketahui nilai probabilitas (sig) = 0,000 pada taraf signifikan a 5%. Karena nilai  sig < 0,05. maka ada hubungan antar variabel. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang cukup signifikan antara pelaksanaan cuci tangan dengan kejadian phlebitis di Rumah Sakit. Saran : Agar perawat  selalu melaksanakan  tindakan cuci tangan baik sebelum maupun setelah melakukan Tindakan khususnya dalam pemasangan infus untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi infeksi nosokomial khususnya phlebitis sesuai dengan SOP yang telah adaKata kunci           :  cuci tangan, kejadian phlebitis, perawat, pasienHAND HYGIENE RELATIONSHIP WITH PHLEBITIS EVENTS AT JIH SOLO HOSPITALABSTRACTBackground: The cause of phlebitis infection can be caused by the hygiene of officers and patients who do not wash their hands properly. Nurses perform active hand washing techniques to eliminate gram-negative organisms before and after performing the infusion procedure. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between hand washing and the incidence of phlebitis in patients at JIH Hospital Solo. Methods: This study uses quantitative, descriptive correlation with a cross sectional approach. The population is nurses and patients at JIH Hospital Solo. The sampling method used purposive sampling method with a total sample of 45 nurses and patients. The research instrument was an observation sheet on the implementation of hand washing and signs of phlebitis. Univariate analysis with tabulated frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with Kendall-tau correlation test. Results: In the hand washing study, the majority of nurses as much as 93.3% had carried out the hand washing procedure quite well before and after installing an infusion on the patient. For the incidence of phlebitis, it is known that most patients have no signs of phlebitis with these characteristics as much as 82.2%. The results of the Kendall-tau correlation test are known to have a probability value (sig) = 0.000 at a significant level of 5%. Because the value of sig < 0.05. then there is a relationship between variables. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the implementation of hand washing and the incidence of phlebitis at JIH Hospital Solo. Suggestion: Nurses should always carry out hand washing both before and after taking actions, especially in infusion to prevent nosocomial infections, especially phlebitis in accordance with existing SOPs.Keywords: Hand Hygiene, Phlebitis Incidence, Nurses, Patients

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