scholarly journals Methane, Diesel Fuel, Electrical Energy, CO2 Emissions and Economical Equavialent from Animal Manure of Tokat, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazım KUMAŞ ◽  
Ali Özhan AKYÜZ
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Animal Manure

scholarly journals Analisa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel Gas Dengan Menggunakan Bahan Bakar LNG Dan Minyak Solar Di PT Indonesia Power Unit Pembangkitan Bali

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
K G Trisna Upadana Putra ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Performance Equation

Permintaan energi listrik mengalami peningkatan, seiring peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi penduduk dan banyaknya industri. Tingginya permintaan energi listrik menjadi sebuah tantangan untuk produsen listrik, dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan akan energi listrik. Produsen listrik terbesar di Bali adalah PT. Indonesia Power UP Bali. Pembangkit yang dimiliki yaitu PLTDG dengan kapasitas produksi listrik 200 MW dioperasikan menggunakan bahan bakar gas LNG dan minyak solar (HSD/LFO). Dikarenakan penggunaan minyak solar dibatasi, maka PLTDG dioperasikan dengan gas LNG. Perbedaan bahan bakar yang digunakan mempengaruhi unjuk kerja dari pembangkit. Analisa unjuk kerja memberi gambaran dalam sisi keteknikan dan analisa BPP pembangkitan memberi gambaran dalam sisi keekonomian. Penelitaian ini dilakukan dengan cara perhitungan menggunakan persamaan-persamaan unjuk kerja mesin diesel, kemudian dibandingkan unjuk kerja PLTDG menggunakan bahan bakar LNG dan minyak solar dan dianalisa secara keekonomian. Hasil yang didapat yaitu unjuk kerja PLTDG menggunakan minyak solar lebih besar tetapi dari sisi keekonomian hasil BPP PLTDG menggunakan gas LNG lebih ekonomis. Demand for electric energy has increased, as population growth increases and the number of industries. The high demand for electrical energy becomes a challenge for electricity producers, in meeting the needs of customers for electrical energy. The largest power producer in Bali is PT. Indonesia Power UP Bali. The power plant owned by PLTDG with 200 MW electricity production capacity is operated using LNG gas and diesel fuel (HSD/LFO). Due to the use of diesel fuel is limited, the PLTDG is operated with LNG gas. The difference in fuel used affects the performance of the plant. Performance analysis gives an overview in terms of engineering and BPP analysis provides an overview of the economy side. This research is done by calculation using diesel engine performance equation, and then compared the performance of PLTDG using LNG and diesel fuel and analyzed economically. The results obtained are the performance of diesel powered PLTDG larger but in terms of economics of BPP PLTDG results using LNG gas is more economical.

scholarly journals Influence of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emission of CI Engine Fuelled with Butanol-Diesel Using a 1D GT-Power Model

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Abdu Ahmed ◽  
Song Zhou ◽  
Yuanqing Zhu ◽  
Yongming Feng ◽  
Adil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
The Impact

Injection timing variations have a significant effect on the performance and pollutant formation in diesel engines. Numerical study was conducted to investigate the impact of injection timing on engine performance and pollutants in a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Diesel fuel with different amounts (5%, 15%, and 25% by volume) of n-butanol was used. Simulations were performed at four distinct injection timings (5°, 10°, 20°, 25°CA bTDC) and two distinct loads of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP = 4.5 bar and 10.5 bar) at constant engine speed (1800 rpm) using the GT-Power computational simulation package. The primary objective of this research is to determine the optimum injection timing and optimum blending ratio for improved efficiencies and reduced emissions. Notable improvements in engine performance and pollutant trends were observed for butanol-diesel blends. The addition of butanol to diesel fuel has greatly diminished NOX and CO pollutants but it elevated HC and CO2 emissions. Retarded injection timing decreased NOX and CO2 pollutants while HC and CO2 emissions increased. The results also indicated that early injection timings (20°CA bTDC and 25°CA bTDC) lowered both CO2 and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Moreover, advanced injection timing slightly improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all engine loads. It is concluded that retarded injection timing, i.e., 10°CA bTDC demonstrated optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emissions and among the fuels 15B showed good outcome with regard to BTE, higher heat release rate, and lower pollution of HC, CO, and NOx.

scholarly journals Integration of Membrane Contactors and Bioelectrochemical Systems for CO2 Conversion to CH4

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Rodríguez-Alegre ◽  
Alba Ceballos-Escalera ◽  
Daniele Molognoni ◽  
Pau Bosch-Jimenez ◽  
David Galí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Bioelectrochemical Systems ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
In Series ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Contactors

Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge produces large amounts of CO2 which contribute to global CO2 emissions. Capture and conversion of CO2 into valuable products is a novel way to reduce CO2 emissions and valorize it. Membrane contactors can be used for CO2 capture in liquid media, while bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can valorize dissolved CO2 converting it to CH4, through electromethanogenesis (EMG). At the same time, EMG process, which requires electricity to drive the conversion, can be utilized to store electrical energy (eventually coming from renewables surplus) as methane. The study aims integrating the two technologies at a laboratory scale, using for the first time real wastewater as CO2 capture medium. Five replicate EMG-BES cells were built and operated individually at 0.7 V. They were fed with both synthetic and real wastewater, saturated with CO2 by membrane contactors. In a subsequent experimental step, four EMG-BES cells were electrical stacked in series while one was kept as reference. CH4 production reached 4.6 L CH4 m−2 d−1, in line with available literature data, at a specific energy consumption of 16–18 kWh m−3 CH4 (65% energy efficiency). Organic matter was removed from wastewater at approximately 80% efficiency. CO2 conversion efficiency was limited (0.3–3.7%), depending on the amount of CO2 injected in wastewater. Even though achieved performances are not yet competitive with other mature methanation technologies, key knowledge was gained on the integrated operation of membrane contactors and EMG-BES cells, setting the base for upscaling and future implementation of the technology.

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation of the Mechanical Drying of the Grain of Coffea arabica from Honduras

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Fredy Torres Mejía ◽  
Jhunior Marcía Fuentes ◽  
Juan Torres Mejía ◽  
Flavio Hernández Bonilla ◽  
Ricardo Santos Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Rotary Dryer ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the methods of mechanical drying of coffee beans (Coffea arabica) from energy evaluations. The control variables were the drying of the grain and energy was used as the response variable, measured in Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (TEP), Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BEP), and Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Ton CO2eq). The evaluations on the three methods of mechanical coffee drying indicate that the rotary dryer requires 1.0 TEP equivalent to 1.017 kg CO2eqkg-1 in dry parchment coffee (CPS), however, the vertical drying method requires 1.12 TEP (0.616 kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS) and the static dryer requires 0.5 TEP (0.33 Kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS). Furthermore, the biomass energy consumption in the rotary dryer is 12.60 MJkg-1, in the vertical dryer it is 7.46 MJkg-1, and the static dryer is 3.91 MJkg-1. These results indicate that the rotary dryer uses 91.95% of the biomass energy, the vertical dryer uses 90.31%, and the static dryer 90.68%. Concluding that rotary drying has a higher biomass energy consumption and reduces CO2 emissions kg-1 in dry parchment coffee, this method is also preferred by cuppers, as it preserves the sensory qualities of the coffee and contributes to reducing the impact. the environment in the consumption of electrical energy and the reduction of CO2 emissions. However, these predictors need more work to validate reliability.

Reforming of Diesel Fuel in a Micro Reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Thormann ◽  
Peter Pfeifer ◽  
Ulrich Kunz ◽  
Klaus Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Oxygen Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Micro Reactors ◽  
Micro Reactor

Reforming of diesel fuel is challenging but very attractive for hydrogen production. It can facilitate the market entrance of fuel cells due to the existing infrastructure for distribution of diesel fuel. Reforming in micro reactors enables good heat transfer and therefore small and compact fuel processing systems e.g. for electrical energy generation in auxiliary power units.Due to the complexity of diesel, reforming of different diesel components and conversion intermediates in a micro reactor is investigated systematically within this work. Methane and propane were applied as conversion intermediates and hexadecane as a diesel surrogate. All experiments were conducted over a rhodium catalyst on Al2O3 or CeO2.For evaporation of the higher boiling hydrocarbons a micro structured injection nozzle was fabricated to create a fine hydrocarbon spray which evaporates in water vapour. Furthermore a complex gas chromatographic method to analyse hydrocarbons up to C16 and the permanent gases in one analysis run was developed.Experimental results show that the turnover frequency of the fuel molecules in the feed decreases linearly for straight chain hydrocarbons with an increasing number of carbon atoms. Calculations show that the observed conversions and product gas compositions are close to the thermodynamic equilibrium. The catalyst system Rh/CeO2 offers better reforming performance and higher resistance to coking apparently due to less acidic sites compared to Al2O3 and the oxygen storage capacity of CeO2.The ongoing work will examine the reforming behaviour of more model diesel fuel components e.g. mixtures of hexadecane and methylnaphthalene or synthetic diesel fuel. Experiments will be conducted in an optimised micro reformer, which disposes the heating energy by burning e.g. fuel cell off-gases. This also offers the consideration of start up and load changing behaviour.

Decreasing the diesel fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of industrial in-field chipping operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 2174-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Angelo Conrado de Arruda Moura ◽  
Paulo Manoel da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Diesel Fuel

Green Open Space Needs Analysis of Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Gas Emissions Absorbtion in Serang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Anis Masyruroh ◽  
Djoko M Hartono ◽  
Herman Haeruman ◽  
Emir Hadisuganda
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
The City

An increasing number of population in Serang has resulted in the diversion of vegetated land function to be built area, thus reducing total area of green open space (RTH) of the city. Impact of the land conversion increase will occur on the increasing area of land cover. Land cover thus reduced the vegetation ability to absorb CO2, so that the CO2 generated from activities in the city, such as from energy consumption, livestock and landfill waste cannot be absorbed optimally. The purpose of this study were: 1) to analyze the amount of CO2 emissions from energy use, livestock and garbage activities in 2016-2026; 2) to analyze the CO2 absorption by green space area; 3) to analyze RTH Needs of 2016-2026 to absorb CO2. gas emission. This study was conducted in May 2016 to September 2016. The method used in this research was IPCC calculation for the calculation of emissions from garbage, livestock, and electrical energy. Based on the results of the study showed that in 2016 the Serang city need of green space area was 9844.79 hectares to absorb CO2 gas emissions by 511,051.61 and in 2026  green space area needs of Serang city to absorb CO2 emissions by 18.168 tons was a total area of 1,058,468.16, 76 hectares.  

scholarly journals Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure in Samsun Province of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Karaca ◽  
G.A.K. Gurdil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Heating Value

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine biogas amount and the energy value produced from animal manure in Samsun province, Turkey. For this purpose, biogas potential was calculated considering the number of cattle, buffalo and laying hens in the province. Samsun has a total of about 300 thousand cattle, 18 thousand buffalo, and 1.4 million laying hens. From these animals in the province, 2.95 million t of cattle manure, 178 thousand t of buffalo manure, and 40 thousand t of laying hens manure, including the total of 3.2 Mt of manure per year is obtained. Annually, 53.6 Mm3 of biogas can be produced from the usable amount of this manure. The heating value of biogas produced from this manure is about 1.22 PJ. The electricity production from this biogas is about 135 GWhel. These values can provide 4.96% of Samsun’s annual electrical energy consumption (2720 GWhel). The distribution of these calculated amounts by districts was mapped. When districts are listed according to the biogas production amount, the top seven Samsun districts are Bafra (16.2%), Center (16.0%), Carsamba (12.1%), Vezirkopru (11.0%), Terme (7.6%), Alacam (7.4%) and Havza (7.0%).

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