scholarly journals Situation of PMTCT in Bhutan, 14 Years’ Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Phurb Dorji ◽  
Ripa Chakma ◽  
Lekey Khandu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission activities form important part of HIV/AIDS prevention program of any community or country. Methods: Information from the PMTCT Programme from the Ministry of Health and other published literature on HIV in Bhutan were reviewed. Results: The first case of mother to child transmission was reported in Bhutan in 2001. However, the retrospective study shows that one of the earliest mothers-to- child transmissions could have taken place back in 1997. Strategies for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bhutan have endured substantial advancement based on global scientific evidence. It is a concern as there is a slow rise in the number of HIV cases. The main modeof transmission is unsafe heterosexual practice in Bhutan. Before the planned PMTCT program, 3 children were infected. After launch of proper PMTCT program, we had all the components of effective strategies in PMCT program which have evolved with better ones with time. Due to this, MTCT was 3.2%. With undetected HIV infections, 32 children were born outside of the program and actual national MTCT rate is 5.5%. Conclusion: There is increasing number of people every year with new HIV infections. In addition, our detection gap is 45% with about 602 undiagnosed in the community. Every effort should be put forward to upscale the PMTCT program for Bhutan to eliminate Mother-to-Child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by 2020 and beyond.

scholarly journals A Review and Analysis of Outcomes from Prevention of Mother-to- Child Transmission of HIV Infant Follow-up Services at a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of a Major Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: 2007-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
EBELECHUKU FRANCESCA UGOCHUKWU ◽  
CHINYERE UKAMAKA ONUBOGU ◽  
EMEKA STEPHEN EDOKWE ◽  
UCHENNA EKWOCHI ◽  
KENNETH NCHEKWUBE OKEKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Mother To Child

Background and Objective: Above 90% of childhood HIV infections result from mother-to child transmission (MTCT). This study examined the MTCT rates of HIV-exposed infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a 14-year review of outcomes of infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the PMTCT program of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. The majority of subjects were enrolled within 72 hours of birth and were followed up until 18 months of age according to the National Guidelines on HIV prevention and treatment. At enrollment, relevant data were collected prospectively, and each scheduled follow-up visit was recorded both electronically and in physical copy in the client’s folders. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The major outcome variable was final MTCT status. Results: Out of 3,784 mother-infant dyads studied 3,049 (80.6%) received both maternal and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis while 447 (11.8%) received none. The MTCT rates were 1.4%, 9.3%, 24.1%, and 52.1% for both mother and infant, mother only, infant only, and none received ARV prophylaxis respectively. There was no gender-based difference in outcomes. The MTCT rate was significantly higher among mixed-fed infants (p<0.001) and among those who did not receive any form of ARVs (p<0.001). Among dyads who received no ARVs, breastfed infants significantly had a higher MTCT rate compared to never breastfed infants (57.9% vs. 34.8%; p<0.001). The MTCT rate was comparable among breastfed (2.5%) and never-breastfed (2.1%) dyads who had received ARVs. After logistic regression, maternal (p<0.001, OR: 7.00) and infant (p<0.001, OR: 4.00) ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT remained significantly associated with being HIV-negative. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Appropriate use of ARVs and avoidance of mixed feeding in the first six months of life are vital to the success of PMTCT programs in developing countries. PMTCT promotes exclusive breastfeeding and reduces the burden of pediatric HIV infection, thereby enhancing child survival.   Copyright © 2021 Ugochukwu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Achievements and Challenges in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV—A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Rural Hospital in Northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Sunniva Marie Nydal ◽  
Yuda Munyaw ◽  
Johan N. Bruun ◽  
Arne Broch Brantsæter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the goal of eliminating new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in children, mother-to-child transmission is still common in resource-poor countries. The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) by age 18 months, risk factors for transmission, and the implementation of the national prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) program in a rural hospital in Tanzania. Data were collated from various medical registers and records. We included 172 children and 167 HIV-infected mothers. Among 88 children (51%) with adequate information, 9 (10.2%) were infected. Increased risk of MTCT was associated with late testing of the child (>2 months) [OR = 9.5 (95% CI: 1.8–49.4)], absence of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy [OR = 9.7 (95% CI: 2.1–46.1)], and maternal CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 [OR = 15.3 (95% CI: 2.1–111)]. We were unable to determine the occurrence of MTCT transmission in 84 children (49%). The results from this study highlight that there is an urgent need for enhanced efforts to improve follow-up of HIV-exposed children, to improve documentation in registries and records, and to facilitate ease of linkage between these.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Senegal’s prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program data for HIV surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Diouf ◽  
Astou Gueye-Gaye ◽  
Moussa Sarr ◽  
Abdou Salam Mbengue ◽  
Christopher S. Murrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Program Data

scholarly journals Call To action - Prevention of mother To child transmission of HIV

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ashraf Hassen Coovadia ◽  
Ameena Ebrahim Goga ◽  
Laurie Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Is Implementation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Drug Regimens ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Mother To Child

The Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)programme is a critical intervention to reduce the incidence of paediatric HIV infections . It is also a key intervention to decrease infant, child and maternal mortality. The optimal implementation of a sound, evidence-based PMTCT programme is essential to meet both the HIV reduction targets in the National Strategic Plan1 and to achieve Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) 4 (reducing infant and child mortality) and 5 (reducing maternal mortalty).2 Since 2001, South Africa has been implementing a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Since 2007, national PMTCT policy has evolved into a strong, enabling framework that should reduce vertical transmission significantly. This paper reviews the milestone studies that have contributed to our knowledge about drug regimens to reduce MTCT (mother-to-child transmission of HIV), reviews the latest South African PMTCT guidelines and the possible future changes. Strengthened / revised drug regimens for PMTCT are, essential but insufficient for measureable decreases in HIV transmission and improvements in maternal and childl health. The main challenge is implementation. Until the enhanced PMTCT policy is effectively operationalised, measureable achievements will remain elusive.

scholarly journals Progress towards Elimination of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in the Dominican Republic from 1999 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Lorenzo ◽  
Consuelo M. Beck-Sagué ◽  
Claudia Bautista-Soriano ◽  
Mina Halpern ◽  
José Roman-Poueriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Single Dose Nevirapine ◽  
Mother To Child

In 1999, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) using antiretrovirals was introduced in the Dominican Republic (DR). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced for immunosuppressed persons in 2004 and for pMTCT in 2008. To assess progress towards MTCT elimination, data from requisitions for HIV nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants born in the DR from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. The MTCT rate was 142/1,274 (11.1%) in 1999–2008 and 12/302 (4.0%) in 2009–2011 (P<.001), with a rate of 154/1,576 (9.8%) for both periods combined. This decline was associated with significant increases in the proportions of women who received prenatal HAART (from 12.3% to 67.9%) and infants who received exclusive formula feeding (from 76.3% to 86.1%) and declines in proportions of women who received no prenatal antiretrovirals (from 31.9% to 12.2%) or received only single-dose nevirapine (from 39.5% to 19.5%). In 2007, over 95% of DR pregnant women received prenatal care, HIV testing, and professionally attended delivery. However, only 58% of women in underserved sugarcane plantation communities (2007) and 76% in HIV sentinel surveillance hospitals (2003–2005) received their HIV test results. HIV-MTCT elimination is feasible but persistent lack of access to critical pMTCT measures must be addressed.

scholarly journals Outcomes of prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Dina Muktiarti ◽  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Arwin Akib ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionis increasing worldwide. One foute of HIV transmission is frommother to child, during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.Prevention of mother􀁂to􀁂child transmission may be an effectivestrategy to reduce the cases of new HIV infections.Objectives To investigate the incidence of HIV infection ininfants born to mothers with HIV and who received prophylactictherapy at birth, as well as to note the outcomes of HIVinfectedchildren in this program.Methods This retrospective study was carried out over a 9􀁂yearperiod, from January 20 03 to December 2011. The participantswere HIVexposed infants who attended the HIV clinic, at theDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta. Infants were treated according to the prevention ofmother􀁂to􀁂child transmission (PMTCT) protocol at CMH.Parents' and infants' data was recorded. The end point of thisstudy was recording of HIVinfection status in the infants.Results There were 238 infants included in this study. HIVinfection was confirmed in 6 (2.5%) infants, while 170 (71.4%)subjects were uninfected, and 62 (26.1%) subjects were lostto follow􀁂up. No subjects who underwent complete PMTCTmanagement were infected. Most subjects were male, full􀁂tenn,and delivered by caesarean section in our hospital. The mostfrequently observed parental risk factor was intravenous druguse. Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) was given duringpregnancy in most cases. Morbidities in all subjects were low.Conclusion The PMTCT program at CMH was effective forreducing the number ofHIVinfected infants from mothers withHIY. [Paediatrlndanes. 2012;52:294-9]. 

scholarly journals Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ketut Espana Giri ◽  
Ni Made Sri Nopiyani ◽  
Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Village Health

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of community health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of  public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is to involve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.

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