scholarly journals Progress towards Elimination of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in the Dominican Republic from 1999 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Lorenzo ◽  
Consuelo M. Beck-Sagué ◽  
Claudia Bautista-Soriano ◽  
Mina Halpern ◽  
José Roman-Poueriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Single Dose Nevirapine ◽  
Mother To Child

In 1999, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) using antiretrovirals was introduced in the Dominican Republic (DR). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced for immunosuppressed persons in 2004 and for pMTCT in 2008. To assess progress towards MTCT elimination, data from requisitions for HIV nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants born in the DR from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. The MTCT rate was 142/1,274 (11.1%) in 1999–2008 and 12/302 (4.0%) in 2009–2011 (P<.001), with a rate of 154/1,576 (9.8%) for both periods combined. This decline was associated with significant increases in the proportions of women who received prenatal HAART (from 12.3% to 67.9%) and infants who received exclusive formula feeding (from 76.3% to 86.1%) and declines in proportions of women who received no prenatal antiretrovirals (from 31.9% to 12.2%) or received only single-dose nevirapine (from 39.5% to 19.5%). In 2007, over 95% of DR pregnant women received prenatal care, HIV testing, and professionally attended delivery. However, only 58% of women in underserved sugarcane plantation communities (2007) and 76% in HIV sentinel surveillance hospitals (2003–2005) received their HIV test results. HIV-MTCT elimination is feasible but persistent lack of access to critical pMTCT measures must be addressed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of option B highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in pregnant HIV women

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erastus K Ngemu ◽  
Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa ◽  
Eliningaya J Kweka ◽  
Joseph K Choge ◽  
Edward Anino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission among Infants Born to HIV-Positive Women in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zebideru Z Abebe ◽  
Mezgebu Y Mengistu ◽  
Yigzaw K Gete ◽  
Abebaw G Worku ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of 15 years. There were limited studies on the MTCT rate in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to measure mother-to-child transmission and to identify factors associated with MTCT. An institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-exposed infants (HEIs). The HEIs who booked in mother–baby pair cohort register between January 2014 and December 2016 were abstracted and included in the study. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data abstraction. The collected data were coded and double entered into EPI Info version 3.5.4 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. A penalized logistic regression model was used. p-value <0.05 was taken as the significance level. A total of 796 HEIs participated in the study in which 96.9% received nevirapine prophylaxis, 97.5% were exclusively breastfed for 6 months, and 95.2% received HIV test at 6 weeks. About 36.5% of mothers of HEIs received ART (Antiretroviral Treatment) for less than 4 weeks during delivery. Of the mothers of HEIs, 7.6% were in WHO clinical stage I and 64.1% had >350 CD4 count at the first antenatal care visit. Overall, MTCT of HIV was 1.5%, and 59.2% of HEIs were discharged from the PMTCT care at the age of 12-18 months. The vertical transmission of HIV was significantly associated with the duration of ART (AOR 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.96). The MTCT was 84.0% less likely in mothers who did receive Antiretrovirals (ARVs) >12 months compared with mothers who did receive ARVs <4 weeks during delivery. The study indicated that vertical transmission of HIV was significantly associated with the duration of ART. Even if a considerable low MTCT rate was observed, early identification and treatment among HIV-positive pregnant women should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Managing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection in Developed-Country Settings

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Thorne ◽  
Marie-Louise Newell
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
Mother To Child

This article reviews current understanding of the management of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection in the context of developed-country settings. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has facilitated the virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in developed countries, reducing transmission rates to approximately 1–2%. This review describes the epidemiology of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age and the risk factors, timing and mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission, followed by a discussion of the identification of pregnant HIV-infected women and their therapeutic and obstetric management.

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