scholarly journals Effects of Tillage, Soil Amendment and Weed Management Regime on Performance of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Guinea Savannah

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zakaria ◽  
I. K. Dzomeku
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Management Regime

Field experiment was carried out during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons at Integrated Water and Agricultural Development Limited (IWAD) in the Mamprugu Moaduri district of Northern region. The objectives of the study were to evaluate tillage system, soil amendment and weed management regime on the growth and yield of rice under lowland conditions. The experiment was laid out in split-split-plot design in three replications with tillage, soil amendment and weed management which constituted the main-plot, sub-plot and sub-sub-plot factors respectively. Tillage, soil amendment and weed management, each at three levels, were respectively made-up of zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT); 2.5 tons/ha organic manure, 2 tons/ha biochar and 250 kg NPK/ha; and hand weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP), pre-emergence herbicide, and post-emergence herbicide. Post-emergence herbicide application supported earliest flower initiation (80-85 days) compared to manual weeding (82-92 days) and pre-emergence herbicides (83-90 days). The combination of zero tillage and pre-emergence herbicide weed management gave the highest number of tillers of 34.3 per hill and maximized grain yield (6661 kg/ha). Longest rice root length was 34 cm in zero tillage with compost amendments and pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Soil carbon stock below 40 cm soil depth was highest in zero tillage (0.89% C) compared to minimum tillage (0.65% C) and conventional tillage (0.55 % C). Results gave good indication of best land preparation, soil amendment and weed management practice that could promote sustainable cropping in sandy-loam textured lowland soils.   

scholarly journals Tillage Variables for Peanut Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Colvin ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
E. B. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Effects of minimum tillage (MT) production techniques on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root growth and yield were unknown. Field experiments were therefore conducted during 1984 near Williston and Marianna, FL and during 1985 near Williston and Jay, FL to evaluate effects of surface and subsurface tillage on peanut production. Soil types were a Zuber loamy sand (fine, mixed hyperthermic Ultic Hapludalf) at Williston, a Chipola sandy loam (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) at Marianna, and a Red Bay sandy loam (fine, loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) at Jay. The Sunrunner peanut cultivar was planted using a modified twin 23 cm row spacing and seeded at a rate of 140 kg/ha. Eight tillage systems that included combinations of conventional tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage with and without subsoiling or subsurface slitting were evaluated. Peanuts germinated and grew well except in no-tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage. Without surface or subsurface tillage there was not sufficient soil disturbance to insure proper seed-soil contact or seed cover. Generally, plots that received some degree of conventional tillage yielded better than plots with no surface preparation (4090 vs. 3760 kg/ha avg.). Minimum tillage plots yielded numerically less than conventional plots but in only a few cases were significant differences in yield noted. At most locations, minimum tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage developed a “lazy root syndrome” in which the few roots produced were quite shallow and grew near the soil surface. These treatments yielded less (3680 vs. 4010 kg/ha avg.) than those with conventional seedbed preparation or the minimum tillage treatments receiving subsurface tillage. Root strength and penetration measurements roughly reflect the same trends as peanut yields. The slit-tillage system resulted in peanut yields equal to or better than those obtained with chisel point subsoiling. Slitter wear and breakage problems were encountered but overall, the subsurface slit system appears to be a functional alternative to chisel point subsoiling.

IMPACT OF WHEAT ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED FLORA, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WHEAT IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN SINGH ◽  
OMBIR SINGH ◽  
ROHITASAV SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar during continuous two years to study the weed flora, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different wheat establishment methods in main plots and seven weed management in sub plots. Phalaris minor was the most dominant weed at 60 DAS contributed 55.0 per cent of total weed population. Melilotusindica was the major non grassy weeds in wheat which contributed 11 per cent to total weed population during respective years. Sowing of wheat with zero tillage significantly reduced the Phalaris minor density as compared to conventionally tilled wheat after transplanted rice, 60 per cent Phalaris minor emerged from 0-3 cm in reduced and conventional tillage where as in zero tillage after transplanted rice there was 55 per cent emergence from 0-3 cm layer.The highest grain yield was obtained in two hand weedings done at 30 and 60 DAS and was at par with Isoproturon 1.0 kg ha-1 + Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 30 DAS and Clodinafop – Propargyl 60 g ha-1 at 30 DAS fb. Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 37 DAS. Zero tillage resulted in significantly higher uptake of NPK by wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage, whereas reduced tillage recorded minimum NPK, which was significantly lower over the other treatments of wheat establishment methods.

Weed Management in Minimum-Tillage Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) as Influenced by Cultivar, Row Spacing, and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Mike Patterson ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Peanut Production

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 on a Dothan sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudult) at Headland, AL, to investigate minimum-tillage production of peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). The experiments included two peanut varieties: a) ‘Pronto’ (an earlier maturing Spanish type), and b) ‘Florunner’ (a later maturing runner type). Two row-spacing patterns were used: a) conventional 91-cm rows, and b) a modified twin 18-cm row pattern. A constant seeding rate (140 kg/ha) was used regardless of row spacing. Six herbicide systems were evaluated within each combination of variety and row spacing. The Florunner variety outyielded the Pronto variety across both years and weed management systems. Modified twin 18-cm rows outyielded conventional 91-cm rows across years and peanut varieties. Two of the six weed management systems were successful: 1) paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion) + oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) (preemergence), paraquat (ground cracking), naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) (postemergence); and 2) paraquat + pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] (preemergence), acetochlor [2-chloro-N(ethoxymethyl)-6’-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide] + dinoseb (ground cracking), and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} (early postdirected spray). Both systems provided the best overall control of Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. ♯ PANTE), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC. ♯ DEDTO], and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯ CASOB) and were acceptable for use in minimum-tillage peanut production.

Influence of 10 years of conservation tillage on some biological properties of a fine sandy loam in the potato phase of two crop rotations in Atlantic Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Carter ◽  
R D Peters ◽  
C Noronha ◽  
J Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Potato Rotation

Conservation practices in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems can reduce excess tillage, provide crop residue cover, and maintain crop productivity; however, little is known about their long-term influence on soil biota and biological properties. Conservation tillage was evaluated in two potato rotations: a 2-yr barley-potato rotation and 3-yr clover-based (barley-red clover-potato) rotation initiated in 1994 on a fine sandy loam (Orthic Podzol) in Prince Edward Island, eastern Canada. Soil samples were obtained in 2003 from the 0- to 10-cm soil depth of the potato phase of both rotations to evaluate the influence of conservation, compared with conventional tillage, on changes in soil fertility, soil structural properties, soil C and N fractions, soil-borne pathogens, nematode communities, and micro-arthropod (Collembola and Acari) communities. The 3-yr conservation tillage practice improved soil structural stability, increased soil extractable P and K, increased soil organic C and total N and their particulate fractions, compared with the other treatments. Comparisons with earlier studies indicated that soil organic C had reached an equilibrium level at the 0- to 10-cm soil depth. Reduction of potato disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evident in the 3-yr rotation, compared with the 2-yr rotation, but was not influenced by tillage practice. Plant parasitic nematodes were not greatly influenced by rotation and tillage treatments; however, densities of the beneficial bacterial-feeding nematodes were increased under the 3-yr conservation tillage treatment. The abundance of micro-arthropods was increased by conservation tillage, while their diversity was mainly influenced by the rotation cycle rather than tillage practice. Overall, the 3-yr conservation tillage treatment provided a more beneficial soil biological condition than the other treatments, especially when compared with the 2-yr conventional tillage practice. Key words: Conservation systems, potato rotation, fine sandy loam, soil fertility, soil organic C and N fractions, soil structure, soil-borne pathogens, nematode, Collembola; Acari

scholarly journals Effect of different methods of sowing and row orientation on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Available N ◽  
East West

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at the Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College Amritsar, on sandy loam soil, low in organic carbon and available N, Medium in available P and high in available K. Field experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising four methods of sowing such as (Bed Planting, Zero tillage, Flat drilling, Happy seeder) and two row orientation as (North-South and East-West) replicated four times. Bed planting method produced significantly higher growth characters (i.e. plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, yield contributing characters effective tillers, grains ear-1, grain and straw yield, harvest index and B C ratio) than happy seeder and zero tillage sowing Bed planting recorded 14% and 10.48% higher grain yield over happy seeder and zero tillage sowing, respectively. Between row orientations, north-south row orientation produced higher growth and yield attributes than east-west whereas grain yield and biological yield was 3.86% and 3.77% higher than east-west sowing direction respectively.

scholarly journals Peanut Cultivar Response to Tillage Systems1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Colvin ◽  
B. J. Brecke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Red Bay

Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 1984 and 1985 at Williston, Florida on a Zuber loamy sand (fine, mixed hyperthermic Ultic Hapludalfs) and at Jay, Florida in 1985 on a Red Bay sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudults) to investigate the effects of conventional and minimum tillage on the grade and yield of eight peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Cultivars studied included: 1) three runner-type peanuts - Florunner. Sunrunner, and GK-7, 2) four virginia-type peanuts - Early Bunch, Florigiant, GK-3, and NC-7, and 3) one spanish-type peanut - Valencia C. Conventional plots were established using a moldboard plow with repeated diskings to provide a smooth even seedbed. Minimum-tillage plots were established using a modified Brown-Harden Ro-Till®. Tillage did not affect peanut yield, and cultivars generally did not differ in response to tillage systems. There appears to be no immediate need for peanut cultivar performance testing in different tillage systems. However, in 1984 at Williston Florunner and Sunrunner yielded 20% and 12% better, respectively, in conventional tillage conditions than in minimum-tillage, whereas in 1985 Early Bunch yielded 17% less in tilled systems compared to minimum-tillage systems. This response may be related to slight plant density differences, harvestability problems or genotypic differences. Results indicate that yield and quality of peanuts, based on the data collected from the cultivars utilized in this study would be equal under conventional or minimum-tillage production.

scholarly journals Zero tillage: A potential technology to improve cotton yield

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Abbas ◽  
Abid Mahmood ◽  
Qurban Ali
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Fibre Fineness

Zero tillage technology revealed with no use of any soil inverting technique to grow crops. The crop plant seed is planted in the soil directly after irrigation to make the soil soft without any replenishing in soil layers. A study was conducted to evaluate cotton genotypes FH-114 and FH-142 for the consecutive three years of growing seasons from 2013-15. The seed of both genotypes was sown with two date of sowing, 1 March and 1 May of each three years of sowing under three tillage treatments (zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) in triplicate completely randomized split-split plot design. It was found from results that significant differences were recorded for tillage treatments, date of sowing, genotypes and their interactions. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the yield and it attributed traits for potential of FH-114 and FH-142 cotton genotypes. The genotype FH-142 was found with higher and batter performance as compared to FH-114 under zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage techniques. The traits bolls per plant, boll weight, fibre fineness, fibre strength, plant height, cotton yield per plant and sympodial branches per plant were found as most contributing traits towards cotton yield and production. It was also found that FH-142 gives higher output in terms of economic gain under zero tillage with 54% increase as compared to conventional tillage technique. It was suggested that zero tillage technology should be adopted to improve cotton yield and quality. It was also recommended that further study to evaluate zero tillage as potential technology should be performed with different regions, climate and timing throughout the world.

scholarly journals Removal of Biomass and Nutrients by Weeds and Direct-Seeded Rice under Conservation Agriculture in Light-Textured Soils of North-Western India

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Arvind Kumar Shukla ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Makhan Singh Bhullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Western India ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Direct Seeded

The escalating scarcity of irrigation water, transplantation of rice on light-textured soils and labour cost acted as major drivers for the transition towards direct-seeded rice (DSR) cultivation from the conventionally flooded transplanting system. Despite these advantages, DSR is a challenge in light texture soil due to heavy weed infestation and a slight decline in crop yield. The weeds compete for nutrients and have an adverse effect on the growth and yield of crops. Hence, to assess the removal of macro and micronutrients by weeds and direct-seeded rice, a field experiment was carried out on sandy loam soil for two consecutive Kharif seasons (2018 and 2019). Three treatments from rice, namely: DSR under zero tillage (DSR-ZT), DSR under conventional tillage (DSR-CT) and DSR under reduced tillage (DSR-RT) were taken as main plots with three tillage treatments in wheat, namely: Conventional tillage without rice straw (CTW-R), Zero tillage without rice straw (ZTW-R) and Zero tillage with straw as mulch using Happy Seeder (ZTW+R) as subplots, replicated thrice. Among the rice establishment methods, DSR-RT showed an edge in terms of rice grain and straw yield (6.18 and 8.14 Mg ha−1, respectively) as well as macro- and micronutrient uptake by rice. Under management practices, ZTW+R proved as an efficient strategy in terms of yield and nutrient uptake by crops. The contribution of weeds towards biomass production was maximum under the ZTW-R (9.44%) treatment followed by DSR-ZT (7.72%). The nutrient budgeting showed that macro- and micronutrient removal by weeds was minimum under reduced tillage (24.51 and 50.35%, respectively), whereas it was 21.88 and 44.87% when wheat was grown under conventional tillage without rice straw. In overall, the research study concluded that weeds on an average remove 25.65 % macronutrients (N, P, K) and 51.47% of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in DSR under rice-wheat cropping system.

Soil nutrient stratification and uptake by wheat after seven years of conventional and zero tillage in the Northern Grain belt of Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Z Lupwayi ◽  
G W Clayton ◽  
J T O’Donovan ◽  
K N Harker ◽  
T K Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Nutrient Stratification

The distribution of NaHCO3-extractable nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) with soil depth (0 to 20 cm in 5-cm increments) at Fort Vermilion (58°23′N 116°02′ W), Alberta, was described in the 7th and 8th years of conventional and zero tillage following placement of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues. Soil nitrate-N concentrations under zero tillage were greater than those under conventional tillage in the 0–5 cm soil layer, below which the concentrations were similar. Ammonium-N and K concentrations followed a similar pattern. However, soil P concentrations were usually not different between tillage systems in the 0–5 cm soil layer, but the concentrations decreased more under zero tillage than under conventional tillage at lower depths. A notable exception for soil phosphate was under canola residues, where the concentration was greater under zero tillage than under conventional tillage at all depths. Uptake of N, P or K by a subsequent wheat crop was usually greater (though not always significantly) under zero tillage than under conventional tillage, and there were no interactions between tillage and crop residue. Therefore, differences in nutrient stratification between the two tillage systems did not translate into differences in wheat nutrient uptake. Key words: Conservation tillage, crop rotation, nutrient uptake, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus, soil potassium

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Dates, Tillage and Establishment Methods on Growth and Yield of Mustard

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
P. Sneha Reddy ◽  
G. Satyanarayana Reddy ◽  
K. B. Suneetha Devi ◽  
A. Krishna Chaitanya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Direct Sowing

This experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial in Rabi, 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in strip-plot design with T1-Zero tillage with direct sowing, T2-Zero tillage with transplanting, T3-Conventional tillage with direct sowing and T4-Conventional tillage with transplanting in 4 horizontal strips and D1-15 November, D2-25 November and D3-5 December sowing dates in 3 vertical strips. Nursery was prepared 15 days earlier to sowing date for transplanting. Direct sowing and transplanting was carried out on same date. Among tillage practices with establishment methods, significantly the highest performance of growth parameters was obtained with T4 and lowest response under T1. Significantly higher values of growth parameters were recorded under early sowing date (15 November) followed by 25 November and lowest was registered on 5 December. The number of siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1 was significantly higher under T4 which resulted in higher seed yield (754.38 kg ha-1), stover yield (1815.40 kg ha-1) and was comparable with T3. Higher number of siliqua per plant-1 and number of seeds per siliqua-1 resulting in higher seed yield (944.55 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1943.12 kg ha-1) were recordeed on 15 November followed by 25 November and lowest was registered on 5 December.

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