Soil nutrient stratification and uptake by wheat after seven years of conventional and zero tillage in the Northern Grain belt of Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Z Lupwayi ◽  
G W Clayton ◽  
J T O’Donovan ◽  
K N Harker ◽  
T K Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Nutrient Stratification

The distribution of NaHCO3-extractable nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) with soil depth (0 to 20 cm in 5-cm increments) at Fort Vermilion (58°23′N 116°02′ W), Alberta, was described in the 7th and 8th years of conventional and zero tillage following placement of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues. Soil nitrate-N concentrations under zero tillage were greater than those under conventional tillage in the 0–5 cm soil layer, below which the concentrations were similar. Ammonium-N and K concentrations followed a similar pattern. However, soil P concentrations were usually not different between tillage systems in the 0–5 cm soil layer, but the concentrations decreased more under zero tillage than under conventional tillage at lower depths. A notable exception for soil phosphate was under canola residues, where the concentration was greater under zero tillage than under conventional tillage at all depths. Uptake of N, P or K by a subsequent wheat crop was usually greater (though not always significantly) under zero tillage than under conventional tillage, and there were no interactions between tillage and crop residue. Therefore, differences in nutrient stratification between the two tillage systems did not translate into differences in wheat nutrient uptake. Key words: Conservation tillage, crop rotation, nutrient uptake, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus, soil potassium

Tillage Effects on Soil Active Organic Carbon in a Purple Paddy Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 2163-2167
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Active Organic Carbon ◽  
Long Term Experiment

The effect of different tillage systems on the soil organic carbon (SOC), active organic carbon (AOC) and remaining organic carbon (ROC) were studied in a long-term experiment in Chongqing, China. The experiment included five tillage treatments, which are conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SH), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF), respectively. The results showed that the content of SOC declined as the soil depth increased, and presented obvious surface enrichment phenomenon under the no-tillage systems. The order of SOC, AOC, ROC and ROC/SOC in the 0–60 cm soil layer under different tillage systems was LM (22.74 g kg-1) > DP (14.57 g kg-1) > XM (13.73 g kg-1) > LF (13.10 g kg-1) > SH (11.92 g kg-1), DP (3.67 g kg-1) > LF (3.49 g kg-1) > LM (3.28 g kg-1) > XM (3.17 g kg-1) > SH (2.69 g kg-1), LM (18.09 g kg-1) > DP (10.34 g kg-1) > XM (10.12 g kg-1) > LF (9.20 g kg-1) > SH (8.80 g kg-1) and LM (85%) > SH (78%) > XM 77%) > LF (75%) > DP (74%). Compared with other systems, LM significantly increased SOC, ROC and ROC/SOC, which indicated long-term LM system performed good effect for carbon sequestration.

SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDER ZERO TILLAGE SYSTEMS FOR WHEAT IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil temperature profiles and the aerial growth of wheat were characterized over portions of the growing season in 1980 and 1981 under zero and conventional tillage systems in a semi-arid region of Saskatchewan. Differences in maximum and minimum soil temperature, accumulative heat sums and thermal diffusivity over the 2.5-cm to 20-cm soil depth were related to variations in surface crop residues, soil moisture and crop canopy. Generally, maximum soil temperatures were 1–5 °C lower under zero tillage compared to conventional tillage during the first 30 days of crop growth for spring wheat. Similar soil temperature differences were evident between winter wheat zero tilled on stubble or chemical fallow during the period of early spring growth. Subsequent differences in crop canopy (shoot height), between tillage systems, tended to modify the soil temperature profile. Soil temperature differences were not associated with differences in yields of spring or winter wheat. Key words: Soil temperature, soil thermal properties, zero tillage systems, wheat,semi-arid climate

IMPACT OF WHEAT ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED FLORA, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WHEAT IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN SINGH ◽  
OMBIR SINGH ◽  
ROHITASAV SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar during continuous two years to study the weed flora, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different wheat establishment methods in main plots and seven weed management in sub plots. Phalaris minor was the most dominant weed at 60 DAS contributed 55.0 per cent of total weed population. Melilotusindica was the major non grassy weeds in wheat which contributed 11 per cent to total weed population during respective years. Sowing of wheat with zero tillage significantly reduced the Phalaris minor density as compared to conventionally tilled wheat after transplanted rice, 60 per cent Phalaris minor emerged from 0-3 cm in reduced and conventional tillage where as in zero tillage after transplanted rice there was 55 per cent emergence from 0-3 cm layer.The highest grain yield was obtained in two hand weedings done at 30 and 60 DAS and was at par with Isoproturon 1.0 kg ha-1 + Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 30 DAS and Clodinafop – Propargyl 60 g ha-1 at 30 DAS fb. Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 37 DAS. Zero tillage resulted in significantly higher uptake of NPK by wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage, whereas reduced tillage recorded minimum NPK, which was significantly lower over the other treatments of wheat establishment methods.

Soil microbial biomass and diversity respond to tillage and sulphur fertilizers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial

There is little information on the effects of S management strategies on soil microorganisms under zero tillage systems o n the North American Prairies. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of tillage and source and placement of S on soil microbial biomass (substrate induced respiration) and functional diversity (substrate utilization patterns) in a canola-wheat rotation under conventional and zero tillage systems at three sites in Gray Luvisolic and Black Chernozemic soils. Conventional tillage significantly reduced microbial biomass and diversity on an acidic and C-poor Luvisolic soil, but it had mostly no significant effects on the near-neutral, C-rich Luvisolic and Chernozemic soils, which underlines the importance of soil C in maintaining a healthy soil. Sulphur had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass, and its effects on microbial diversity were more frequent on the near-neutral Luvisol, which was more S-deficient, than on the acidic Luvisol or the Chernozem. Significant S effects on microbial diversity were observed both in the bulk soil (negative effects, compared with the control) and rhizosphere (positive effects) of the acidic Luvisol, but all significant effects (positive) were observed in root rhizospheres in the other soils. Sulphur by tillage interactions on acidic Luvisolic soil indicated that the negative effects of S in bulk soil occurred mostly under zero tillage, presumably because the fertilizer is concentrated in a smaller volume of soil than under conventional tillage. Sulphate S effects, either negative or positive, on microbial diversity were usually greater than elemental S effects. Therefore, S application can have direct, deleterious effects on soil microorganisms or indirect, beneficial effects through crop growth, the latter presumably due to increased root exudation in the rhizosphere of healthy crops. Key Words: Biolog, conservation tillage, microbial biodiversity, rhizosphere, soil biological quality, S fertilizer type and placement

scholarly journals Examination of the physical state of the soil under conventional and reduced tillage systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems

he effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil compaction and moisture content in two years with extreme weather conditions is introduced in this paper. The investigations were carried out in a long-term soil cultivation experiment set on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil at the Karcag Research Institute. In 2010 the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat was 623.3 mm, 2.2 times higher than the 50-year average, while in 2011 this value was 188.7 mm giving only 65% of the average. The examinations were made after harvest on stubbles on 4 test plots in 5 replications in the case of each tillage system. Soil compaction was characterised by penetration resistance values, while the actual soil moisture contents were determined by gravimetry. The values of penetration resistance and soil moisture content of the cultivated soil layer were better in the case of reduced tillage under extreme precipitation conditions. It could be established that regular application of deep soil loosening is essential due to the formation of the unfavourable compact soil layer under 30 cm. Conventional tillage resulted in enhanced compaction under the depth of ploughing, the penetration resistance can reach the value of 4 MPa under wet, while even 8 MPa under dry soil status.

scholarly journals Distribution and vertical stratification of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different managements in the pampean region of Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Rosa Álvarez ◽  
Alejandro Oscar Costantini ◽  
Alfredo Bono ◽  
Miguel Ángel Taboada ◽  
Flavio Hernán Gutiérrez Boem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Pools ◽  
No Till ◽  
Total Organic C

One of the expected benefits of no-tillage systems is a higher rate of soil C sequestration. However, higher C retention in soil is not always apparent when no-tillage is applied, due e.g., to substantial differences in soil type and initial C content. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of no-tillage management to increase the stock of total organic C in soils of the Pampas region in Argentina. Forty crop fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and seven undisturbed soils were sampled. Total organic C, total N, their fractions and stratification ratios and the C storage capacity of the soils under different managements were assessed in samples to a depth of 30 cm, in three layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm). The differences between the C pools of the undisturbed and cultivated soils were significant (p < 0.05) and most pronounced in the top (0-5 cm) soil layer, with more active C near the soil surface (undisturbed > no-tillage > conventional tillage). Based on the stratification ratio of the labile C pool (0-5/5-15 cm), the untilled were separated from conventionally tilled areas. Much of the variation in potentially mineralizable C was explained by this active C fraction (R² = 0.61) and by total organic C (R² = 0.67). No-till soils did not accumulate more organic C than conventionally tilled soils in the 0-30 cm layer, but there was substantial stratification of total and active C pools at no till sites. If the C stratification ratio is really an indicator of soil quality, then the C storage potential of no-tillage would be greater than in conventional tillage, at least in the surface layers. Particulate organic C and potentially mineralizable C may be useful to evaluate variations in topsoil organic matter.

Water and bromide movement in a Vertosol under four fallow management systems

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
B. J. Bridge ◽  
D. Orange
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Fallow Management ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Tracer Solution ◽  
Stubble Burning

Recent work on the Hermitage long-term fallow management found increased rates of anion movement under zero tillage systems compared with conventional tillage. Four separate experiments have been used to determine relative rates of water movement through different fallow management treatments on the Hermitage long-term fallow management trial and the causes of any differences. Photography of the aggregation patterns at the depth of tillage (approx. 15 cm) showed that conventional tillage combined with stubble burning has led to the formation of large massive peds up to 20 cm across below the tillage layer, whereas zero-tillage with stubble retention has maintained much smaller aggregates in this zone. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity at 15 cm under both dry and moist conditions indicated that, when the soil is dry and cracked, all tillage treatments have similar conductivities, but when the soil swells and cracks close, zero tillage–stubble retention maintains a greater volume of large pores and thereby greater conductivity. This effect was further demonstrated when a bromide tracer solution was applied to a relatively wet soil by ring infiltrometer, where only 15% of the solution moved below 15 cm in conventional tillage–stubble burning compared with 26% and 38% in zero tillage{stubble retention. In the final experiment, which followed the movement of surface applied bromide over a 6-month fallow, there were no significant differences in rates of leaching between management treatments.

CROP UTILIZATION OF PLACED AND BROADCAST 15N-UREA FERTILIZER UNDER ZERO AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

Growth chamber and field studies were conducted to assess the relative utilization of placed and broadcast 15N-urea by spring wheat. The field studies were conducted on zero and conventional (shallow) tillage systems, of 4-yr duration, located on Chernozemic soils at two locations in Saskatchewan. Placement below the seeding depth in comparison to broadcast application, generally reduced fertilizer N immobilization and increased fertilizer N uptake, recovery, and efficiency. Under moisture stress, placed applications were effective in enhancing dry matter yield and total N uptake. It is concluded that fertilizer N placement for these two contrasting tillage systems should be identical, thus some soil disturbance under zero tillage may be necessary to achieve optimum crop use of applied fertilizer N. The dominant N transformation processes and possible tillage induced differences, in regard to methods of N application, are discussed. Key words: Placed and broadcast N application, N efficiency, N utilization, 15N-urea, zero tillage, soil moisture

Evaluation of soil tillage systems in maize production

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rátonyi ◽  
L. Huzsvai ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
A. Megyes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Direct Drilling

The cultivation technologies for the dominant crops in Hungary need to be improved both in the interests of environmental protection and to reduce cultivation costs. A long-term research project was initiated in order to determine the feasibility of conservation tillage systems. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate conservation farming systems in Hungary in order to achieve more economical and more environment-friendly agricultural land use. Four tillage systems, namely conventional tillage (mouldboard plough), conservation tillage I (primary tillage with a J.D. Disk Ripper), conservation tillage II (primary tillage with a J.D. Mulch Finisher) and no tillage (direct drilling), were compared on a clay loam meadow soil (Vertisol). The physical condition of the experimental soils was evaluated using a hand-operated static cone penetrometer. Parallel with the measurement of penetration resistance, the moisture content of the soil was also determined. The grain yield of maize hybrids (Kincs SC [1999], Occitán SC [2000], Pr 37M34 SC [2001], DeKalb 471 SC [2002]) was measured using a plot combine-harvester. The analysis of soil conditions confirmed that if the cultivation depth and intensity are reduced the compaction of soil layers close to the surface can be expected. The decrease in yields (8-33%) in direct drilling (NT) and shallow, spring cultivated (MF) treatments, despite the higher available water content, can be explained partly by the compacted status of the 15-25 cm soil layer.

scholarly journals Investigation of soils of stubbles of winter wheat and winter peas in conventional and reduced tillage systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Positive Effects

The effect of reduced and conventional tillage on soil compaction, soil moisture status and carbon-dioxide emission of the soil was studied on a meadow chernozem soil with high clay content in the soil cultivation experiment started in 1997 at Karcag Research Institute. Our investigations were done on stubbles after the harvest of winter wheat and winter peas after the very droughty vegetation period of 2014/2015. We established that the soil in both tillage systems was dry and compacted and the CO2-emission was very low. The positive effects of reduced tillage could be figured out only in the soil layer of 40–60 cm in the given weather conditions of that period.

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