Treatment Outcome in Hepatitis B-Positive Patients Attending a Selected Clinic in Baringo County of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Adjo Comlan ◽  
Josephine Kimani ◽  
James Kimotho ◽  
Gladys Tuitoek ◽  
Missiani Ochwoto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Test Kit

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is often associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) rolled out guidelines for treatment of HBV globally in 2015 and the Kenyan Ministry of Health started implementing these guidelines in 2018. About one thousand patients have been receiving the WHO-recommended treatment across the country. However, their treatment outcome has not been evaluated. Baringo County is one of the counties with high number of patients on treatment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the treatment outcome of these patients. Methods: Forty-one HBV positive patients attending comprehensive care clinic in Marigat, Baringo County were randomly selected. Five millilitres of blood were drawn from each patient and processed into serum. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibodies (HBsAb), e-antigen (HBeAg), e-Antibodies (HBeAb) and core antibodies (HBcAb) were tested using lumiquick HBV-5 panel test kit (Diagnostic, lnc, USA). HBV DNA extraction was done using Qiagen extraction kit, amplified and visualized on 2% agarose gel. All positive extracts were sequenced. HBV viral load was done using TaqMan™.   HBV sequences obtained were aligned and phylogenetic trees developed. Genotypes were determined using geno2pheno software and mutations on the surface antigen and polymerase coding regions were determined from the aligned sequences. Finding: Out of 41 serum samples collected, 2.4% patient was HBsAg negative and the remaining (97.6%) positive. HBsAb positivity was 2.4%, all samples were negative for hepatitis B core antibodies (HBcAb), 14.6% tested positive and 35(85.6%) tested negative for HBeAg. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 33.59 ± 2.307 (8-80).  Ten (24.3%) samples were detectable in qPCR and their viral load ranged from 4.6×104 to 1.04×101 IU/ml with majority of them (85.6%) having HBeAg negative and 80.4% having HBeAb positive. Two genotypes, genotype D (50%) and genotype A (50%) were identified among the HBV isolates. Putative mutations: rtM129L, rtW153R, rtP237T, rtN238T, and rtN248H were detected in the RT domain and have been identified to be associated with drug resistance, but not yet been confirmed experimentally in vitro.

Need for Confirmatory Neutralization Tests for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Tests in Populations with Intermediate Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Young Lee ◽  
So Young Kang ◽  
Woo In Lee ◽  
Myeong Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Antigen Tests

Abstract Objective Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is known as the hallmark of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to determine whether an HBsAg neutralization test is necessary to accurately interpret HBsAg test results. Methods Initially reactive HBsAg specimens from a 5-year period, with cutoff index values between 1.0 and 2.0, were subjected to neutralization confirmatory testing using an Elecsys HBsAg Confirmatory test kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Mannheim, Germany). Results The neutralization test showed 46.1% positive (confirmed positive group) and 53.9% negative (confirmed negative group) results from the total specimens. Among the confirmed negative group, 79.5% of patients were confirmed to be negative for the current infection, whereas 4 patients in the chronic hepatitis B subgroup showed a neutralization percentage close to 40%. More than half of patients in the confirmed positive group were considered to be in the hepatitis B e antigen-negative inactive HBsAg carrier phase. Conclusion In populations with intermediate HBV prevalence, a neutralization test is necessary to confirm an HBsAg result and reduce the false positive and false negative rates of initial HBsAg tests.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infections among health professional students in Mwanza city,Tanzania in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Emmanuel Mkumbo ◽  
Hadija Selega ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Health Professional Students

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the vaccination against Hepatitis B virus in all infants and children up to the age of 18 years. In addition, adults in high-risk groups should also be vaccinated. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections among health professional students in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania in order to provide data that can assist in devising prevention and control strategies in this special group. Methods A cross-sectional study involving health professional students of the Catholic University of health and Allied Sciences was conducted between April and July 2016. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected using rapid antigen test while the anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies(anti-HBs) were quantified using Enzygnost Anti-HBs II assay and anti-HBV core antibodies tested using enzyme immunoassay. Results A total of 1211 health professional students with median age of 22 interquartile range (IQR):21–24 years were enrolled. The slighlty majority (57.5%) of these students were males and 475(39.2%) were in clinical practices. Out of 1211 students, 37 (3.1%) were Hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Of 1174 students tested for anti-HBs, 258 (22%) had titres > 10 IU/L indicating HBV immunity. The median anti-HBs titres was 47.7 IU/L(IQR:16–3-113). A total of 230(89.2%) students among those who were positive for anti-HBs were also positive for HBV core antibodies indicating HBV natural infections. Male sex (adjusted odd ratio(AOR):1.77, p < 0.000), being married (AOR:1.82, p = 0.002) and being in clinical practices (AOR:1.39, p = 0.028) independenlty predicted anti-HBs positivity. Conclusion A significant proportion of health professional students was naturally immune to Hepatitis B virus. There is a need to measure anti-HBs in order to reduce the cost of unnecessary vaccination especially in the countries with high endemicity of HBV.

Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load determination in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative Swiss blood donors

Transfusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stolz ◽  
Caroline Tinguely ◽  
Stefano Fontana ◽  
Christoph Niederhauser
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Dna ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Load Determination

scholarly journals Individual and combined effects of hepatitis B surface antigen level and viral load on liver cancer risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yu-Ting Tan ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Antigen Level

scholarly journals HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B coinfections in Mkushi, Zambia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Cibangu Katamba ◽  
Theresa Chungu ◽  
Chisali Lusale
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major global public health problems. They are sexually transmitted diseases with overlapping modes of transmission and affected populations. The aim of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of HIV 1, hepatitis B virus and syphilis coinfections among newly diagnosed HIV individuals aged 16 to 65 years, initiating on antiretroviral therapy, in Mkushi, Zambia. Methods: A total number of 126 sera were collected from HIV 1 infected patients attending Mkushi district hospital/ART clinic for antiretroviral therapy initiation. Hepatitis B surface antigen test and serologic test for syphilis were conducted between March and May 2018. Results: Of the 126 participants, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected with a prevalence of 9.5% among newly diagnosed HIV infected patients, while that of syphilis was as high as 40.5% in this same population group. Three patients recorded HIV coinfections with both syphilis and hepatitis B virus (2.4%) at the same time. After analysis, the results indicate that there was no significant association between gender for both dependent variables: HIV/syphilis or HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfections (alpha significance level > 0.05). Those who had a history of syphilis infection in the past were more likely than those who had none to be HIV-syphilis coinfected (53.6% vs 34%, respectively; odd ratio [OR] 2.236; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.045 – 4.782). Conclusion: The high prevalence rates for HIV, HBV, and syphilis coinfections strongly indicate the need for HBV and syphilis screening for HIV infected individuals. Furthermore, the high number of patients previously treated for syphilis who retest positive for syphilis in this study calls for use of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test to identify true syphilis infection (titers ≥ 1:8 dilutions, strongly suggestive).

scholarly journals Response of patients with chronic Hepatitis B in one year of treatment with Major Autohemotherapy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Cespedes-Suarez ◽  
Yanisley Martin-Serrano ◽  
Maria Rosa Carballosa-Peña ◽  
Diana Rosa Dager-Carballosa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The Hepatitis B (HVB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, it’s wide geographical distribution is a health problem, especially on the African continent, with prevalence rate of 6.1% in the adult population. Current treatment requires prolonged therapy (most cases for the rest of life) with the aim of stopping viral replication, maintaining immunological stability, preventing progression of liver disease and the most feared complications such as cirrhosis and hepatic cancer There are multiple references that point to ozone therapy as an alternative in the treatment of Hepatitis B, because of the known and demonstrated antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. With these premises, we performed the present clinical study that included 28 patients with positive diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis B, surface antigen (HVBs Ag) positive, antibodies against surface antigen (HVBs) negative, viral load (HVB DNA ) and transaminaseselevated. These patients with 1 year of evolution and antiviral treatment were treated with Major Autohemotherapy with protocol of 15 sessions and maintenance every 15 days to 50 mcg of concentration, initial dose of 4,000 mcg / ml up to 12,000 mcg /ml We indicate Ag HVBs, Ac HVBs, HVB Viral Loading and transaminases before starting treatment at 15 days of completion and quarterly until the year. The results showed negativization of the surface antigen, antibody positivity against the surface antigen, significant decrease of viral load to undetectable values and normal values of the transaminases demonstrating the functional recovery of the disease associated with favorable immunological response providing a better quality of patients' lives. Key words: Hepatitis B, Transaminases, Ozone therapy, Major Autohemotherapy, Surface antigen, Surface Antigen Antibody.

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