scholarly journals From Information Society to Knowledge Society: The Asian Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Bilal Mehmood ◽  
Hafeezur Rehman ◽  
Syed Husnain Haider Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
World Development

In an era, where ‘traditional society’ is replaced by a ‘knowledge society’, there is a global inclination towards creating knowledge and nurturing its affiliated factors. Accordingly, this paper intends to scrutinize the hypothesized causal relationship between ICT and knowledge creation. Variables for ICT and knowledge creation are taken from World Development Indicators (WDI).To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that explicitly constructs an empirical framework for ICT and knowledge creation. Depending on the availability of data, 24 countries have been selected from Asia. Time dimension for the data set is from 1990-2013, yielding a panel data set. To conduct statistical analysis of the relevant variables, we use Pooled Mean Group Estimator (PMGE), Mean Group Estimator (MGE) and Dynamic Fixed Effects Estimator (DFEE).Recommendations are made on the basis of findings from empirical analysis. To nurture knowledge creation in the knowledge society, the role of ICT is found to be positive. For a mature knowledge society, ICT, expenditure in R&D and researchers in R&D have a constructive role.

scholarly journals ICT-based innovation and its competitive outcome: the role of information intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Neirotti ◽  
Danilo Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Role Of Information

Purpose Prior research highlights the vital role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for innovation in response to environmental conditions. However, there is a lack of studies that analyse the determinants of ICT investments on the innovation activities of firms in relation with their impacts on the industrial and competitive dynamics using large data sets. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of ICT investments on the industrial and competitive dynamics for a large and representative panel data set. All the industries are included, and lagged effects of ICT investments are studied. The model is tested on a seven-year panel (2008–2014) of 231 Italian industries using two-stage least squares instrumental-variables estimators with industry time and fixed effects. Findings The results indicate that munificent industries and higher ICT spending are interrelated facts, showing that in sectors with more growth opportunities firms invest more in ICT and this leads to higher industry concentration, greater profit dispersion and higher competitive turbulence in the sector. Also, the paper shows that SMEs can rarely take advantage of their ICT-based innovation to start high-growth phenomena. Practical implications The results suggest that ICT-based innovation may create competitive advantages that are hard to sustain over the long-term raising important implications for managers involved in ICT-enabled innovations and policy-makers involved in building programs to foster innovation. Originality/value Against the backdrop of today’s digital transformation, the paper enriches our understanding on the disruptive effects exerted by the digitalization of the innovation process and provides a base to continue the investigation of industrial changes and competitive dynamics.

Child schooling in India: the role of gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itismita Mohanty ◽  
ANU RAMMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Purpose – This paper aims to analyse factors that influence child schooling outcomes in India, specifically the role of gender. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses data from the nationally representative Indian National Family Health Surveys 1995-1996 and 2005-2006 and estimates Heckman sample selection, cluster fixed-effects and household fixed-effects econometric models. The dependent variables are the child’s enrolment status and conditional on enrolment child’s years of schooling. Findings – This analysis finds statistically significant evidence of male advantage both in schooling enrolment as well as years of schooling. However, using a cluster fixed-effects model, our analysis finds that within a village, conditional on being enrolled, girls spend more years in school relative to boys. Other results show that parental schooling has a positive and statistically significant impact on child schooling. There is statistically significant wealth effect, community effect and regional disparities between states in India. Originality/value – The large sample size and the range of questions available in this data set, allows us to explore the influence of individual, household and village level social, economic and cultural factors on child schooling. The role of gender on child schooling within a village, intrahousehold resource allocation for schooling and regional gender differences in schooling are important issues in India, where education outcomes remain poor for large segments of the population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Managerial Overconfidence, Cash Holding, and Investment Efficiency in Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abdorreza Asadia ◽  
Maryam Oladia ◽  
Mohammad Ghasem Aghela
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Cash Holding ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Managerial Overconfidence ◽  
Moderating Role

Managers’ overconfidence leads to overestimating their ability to manage cash sources. Holding more cash may result in overinvestment in projects and investment inefficiency consequently. The present study aims to investigate the effect of cash holding on investment efficiency with the moderating role of managerial overconfidence in Iranian companies. All listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange, excluding banks, insurance, pension funds, and financial intermediaries, are included in the research. We have used data from financial statements of 91 companies over the period from 2010 to 2018 and conducted multiple regression models to test the hypotheses based on pooled and panel data set with fixed effects. The results indicate a positive relationship between managerial overconfidence and cash holding. The effect of cash holding on investment efficiency turns out to be significantly negative. Furthermore, managerial overconfidence has a significant moderating effect on the relation of the variables. This study is almost the first one, which has been done in emerging markets, so the study’s findings not only contribute to the existing literature on managerial overconfidence and investment efficiency but also assist policymakers, managers, and investors in making effective decisions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between Financial Development, Employment and Institutions on Economic Growth in WAEMU Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
Firmin Ayivodji ◽  
Rémy Hounsou ◽  
Emmanuel Tago
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive Models ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the relationship between financial development and economic growth on the one hand and the link between employment level and economic growth on the other hand in the context of financial liberalization. Also the question of the role of the institutional factors in the facilitation of the credit granting in the eight (08) countries of the WAEMU is approached. In doing so, strategies based on conventional fixed effects methods, with correction of Driscoll-Kraay (1998), Pooled Mean Group (PMG) of Pesaran et al. (1995, 1999) and spatial autoregressive models (SAC) are used to estimate the different equations over the period 1990-2015. The results suggest that financial development is positively associated with economic growth in WAEMU countries while an improvement in the level of employment stifles economic development. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between quality of democratic institutions and economic growth whatever the indicators of financial development considered except the money supply. The study recommends a strengthening of the financial development with a possible greater regularity.

Decomposing the structure of wages into firm and worker effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda F. Rebollo-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
Censored Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industrial Wage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that for some key topics on labour economics such as the effect of seniority and job mobility in wages, it is important to explicitly consider firm fixed effects. The author also wants to test whether the importance of firm in explaining wage dispersion is higher or lower in Spain than in other European countries. Design/methodology/approach The author estimates an individual wage equation where firm and workers effects are considered and the estimation process control for censored wages. This exercise is performed for the Spanish economy over the course of a whole business cycle, i.e., 2000-2015. Findings The author demonstrates that Spanish firms contribute to explain around 27 per cent of the individual wage heterogeneity but more importantly around 74 per cent of inter-industry wage differentials. In both cases, this contribution is mainly related to large dispersion in firm’s wage policies. The process of positive sorting of workers across firms or industries does not play an important role. Interestingly, the importance of firm’s wage policies in explaining individual wage dispersion has increased over the current Big Recession. Practical implications The results confirm that firms set wages and, henceforth, are partially responsible for individual wage heterogeneity but more importantly for inter-industrial wage dispersion. Originality/value The exercise is performed under optimal conditions because the author uses a longitudinal matched employer-employee data set, observed wages are at a monthly frequency, and implements an estimation method suitable for censored models with two high-dimensional fixed effects. This is the first study that looks deeply into the role of firms in explaining wage heterogeneity at the individual and industry level in Spain and along the current Big Recession.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Factors that Influence the Demand for Entrepreneurship in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vukenkeng Andrew Wujung (Ph.D)
Keyword(s):  
Population Expansion ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Right ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
World Development ◽  
Growth Technology

<p><em>Population expansion and resource availability have been the basis for many entrepreneurial activities around the world. The presence of resources and the continuous drive to provide the ever growing needs of man has been a fortune for many entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, this is not a general rule as there are resources rich areas with little or no entrepreneurial activities. Within the context of this lack of standard rule for the development of entrepreneurship, this paper investigates the determinants of the demand for entrepreneurship in Cameroon using the<strong> </strong></em><em>Johansen co-integration procedures and the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) based on data collected from the </em><em>World Development Indicators, WDI (2016) and the KOF globalisation index database between 1980 and 2017. After testing for the short and long run relationship, the study found out that population growth, technology and globalization negatively affects the demand for entrepreneurship in Cameroon while economic development positively and significantly determines the demand for entrepreneurship. On the basis of these findings, the study suggests that government should develop and enact policies that will sufficiently regulate the market and create the right business environment for the sustainability of entrepreneurial activities in Cameroon. While recognizing the role of population expansion in providing a market for business, overpopulation should not be tolerated as it becomes a liability in struggling entrepreneurialism. </em></p>

Strategies for Promoting Research Culture to Support Knowledge Society

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Society Today

Research is deemed to be of more value when it rightly augments the economic development processes. Research is all the most important in today's era as the society today is knowledge grounded. Research especially in business area and any other social sciences cannot be merely conjectural – there is greater need to understand and include the practical aspects. In particular, there are a number of new and exciting digital technologies, which offer researchers considerable advantages in terms of speed, access connectivity and economy. Through in depth literature review and contextual analysis, the aim of this paper is to aid institutions and scholars in recognizing the gains of adapting inclusive approach, suggesting strategies for promoting research culture to support knowledge society so that the world of academia continues to excel in its role of knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and knowledge dissemination.

Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Tubadji ◽  
Peter Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Short Time

This article focuses on a neglected part of the well-known Balassa–Samuelson (B-S) effect in international trade, namely, the specific role of tourism in equilibrating the purchasing power parities across areas. The article aims to highlight in particular the cultural bias in destination choice by foreign tourists and its importance as a barrier for eradicating economic inequality between countries. We consider international tourism here as a mixed type of tradable service that leads to – short-time, but potentially massive – cross-border movements of people that can impact income redistribution among countries. Our claim is that this short-time movement is positively biased towards culturally closer localities. The recognition of this role of cultural proximity in the tourist choice destination can help fine-tune empirical models of international goods or services to reality. To test our hypothesis, a unique big data set for the EU28 and all the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (4031 observations on the shares of outbound tourists per country) is composed for the year 2014. We use data from the UN World Tourism Organization, Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII, Paris; especially on linguistic proximity), and the six well-known Hofstede indices of cultural dimension: individualism, power–distance relationship, masculinity, uncertainty, indulgence and long-term orientation. To fully specify our tourist destination model, we include also climate-related explanatory variables, reflecting sun, rain and wind differences between sending and recipient countries. Regression analysis with fixed effects and a hierarchical (multilevel) model both lead to consistent empirical estimates. Our results clearly demonstrate that tourism is a significant counter-balancing factor for the B-S effect that seems to be present and related to non-trade sectors and wages across the countries involved. Moreover, we find that linguistic proximity is statistically and economically the most powerful quantitative proxy for cultural factors, which determine the outbound tourists’ destination choice.

scholarly journals 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy: On the construction of macro panel datasets in conflict and peace economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Boese ◽  
Katrin Kamin
Keyword(s):  
Development Indicators ◽  
Data Merging ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Merging Process ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Militarized Interstate Disputes ◽  
Coding Unit ◽  
World Development

The empirical analysis of datasets covering a large number of countries and time periods has become an integral part of conflict and peace economics. As such, numerous studies examine relationships between and among macroeconomic, political, and conflict variables and this often involves the merging of disparate datasets to combine relevant variables for which the country unit of analysis, however, is not necessarily the same. This article highlights difficulties in the data merging process and, by way of example, presents detailed country coding unit comparison for two economic (UN Comtrade and World Development Indicators), two democracy (Polity IV and V-Dem), and two conflict datasets (UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset and COW Militarized Interstate Disputes Dataset). We find that merging datasets can result in the elimination of very large numbers of observations due to unmergeable records and that dropped observations often include the very countries or territorial entities most of interest in conflict and peace economics.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

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