scholarly journals SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND UPTAKE OF SOLAR COOKING PROJECTS- KAKUMA REFUGEE CAMP IN KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Godfrey Mawira Kaburu ◽  
Dr. Rosemary James ◽  
Kevin Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Domestic Fuel

Purpose: To investigate the influence of social determinants on uptake of solar cooking projects in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 122 systematically sampled households in Kakuma Refugee Camp was done. Questionnaires were completed to collect information about social norms, family size, security and safety, education level and beneficiary participation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings. Findings: All the 122 questionnaires completed by respondents had a mean age (SD) 37.8 (8.6); 85% female. Households in Kakuma mainly acquire their domestic fuel via different means within the camp such as firewood collection, purchases from local vendors or donations from aid agencies. Firewood on open fires was the modal cooking practice at 83.6%, followed by charcoal at 15.6% and solar cooking at 0.8%, while use of alternative fuels like gas, ethanol or kerosene was found to be insignificant. Adoption of solar cooking was observed to be under influence of social norms, family size and education. A greater uptake of solar cooking was noted among respondents with higher education levels and lower uptake among large families.   Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Firewood is given to refugees for domestic fuel in Kakuma Refugee Camp; however, getting adequate supplies for the sprawling camp population is getting increasingly difficult, and environmentally damaging. Solar cooking projects have been implemented as possible solutions albeit with little success. There is a need for humanitarian agencies to make refugees aware and conversant with use of the free, sustainable solar fuel to cook and cognizant of benefits of shifting from wood-based cooking to the cleaner solar cooking option. Household cooking is such a socio-culturally embedded practice in Kakuma that context-specific solar cookers that can fry, boil, and bake using ordinally cooking styles of refugees would be key to a wider-spread solar cooking uptake. In addition, there is a gap between the refugees’ preferred fuel option and their ability to pay. To get solar cooking to scale, more investment is needed and agencies should explore working with local businesses to subsidize cost of solar cookers in camps. Finally, the Kenya and the ISO standards for clean cookstoves need developing since there is a gap and the existing standards mainly focus on solid fuel, biomass or ethanol cookstoves.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nurses Awareness Regarding Hemodialysis Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Nasarullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Kousar Perveen ◽  
Muhammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of nurses regarding hemodialysis complication in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. The study was conducted at the Hemodialysis Unit at tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The sample of the study consisted of 110 nurses (female) working in the hemodialysis unit, aged between 18 and 55 years has agreed to participate in this study. The self-administered questionnaire sheet was used to collect study-related data with the following sections. Part 1: ''Nurse's socio-demographic characteristics'', Part 2: "Nurses 'Awareness of Hemodialysis Practices", Part 3: "Nurses' Awareness of Hemodialysis Complications" Findings: Most of the nurses had a good level of knowledge about the complications of hemodialysis and very few of them had little knowledge. Most of the nurses were females and were aged 18-27. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Further research should be done on a larger sample of them which focuses on their practice and should make the results of their study regarding their knowledge and its reflection on their practice  

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Childhood Tuberculosis and Social Determinants in Bandar Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 12006
Author(s):  
Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani ◽  
Endro Prasetyo Wahono
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Childhood Tb

Childhood tuberculosis is an overlooked aspect of the current tuberculosis epidemics; even the incidence is increasing and may influence children's growth and development. Several researches have studied social determinants as TB risk factors, but only a few researches have studied spatial analysis of childhood tuberculosis and social determinants. This research aimed to study spatial analysis of childhood TB and social determinants in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. This research was cross sectional study which involved five community health centers that have childhood TB cases. Population of this research was all childhood tuberculosis cases in the study site. Sample of this research was 73 cases. Variables of this research were samples’ residence geographical coordinates and social determinants (population density and proportion of poor family) of the related sub districts. Data was collected through CHSs’ and sub districts’ secondary data which then analyzed using overlay spatial analysis. The results showed that childhood TB tend to group in middle to high population density and middle proportion of poor families areas. Therefore, regarding in reducing childhood TB incidence, TB control programs should elaborate social determinants actions in areas with low social determinants.

scholarly journals Social norms, attitudes and access to modern contraception for adolescent girls in six districts in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bukuluki ◽  
Peter Kisaakye ◽  
Maxime Houinato ◽  
Adekemi Ndieli ◽  
Evelyn Letiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Access To Contraception

Abstract Background Social norms continue to be entrenched in Uganda. Understanding social norms helps to uncover the underlying drivers that influence attitudes and behavior towards contraceptive access and use. This study therefore seeks to investigate the factors that influence the social norm – access to contraception by adolescent girls – in six districts in Uganda. Data and methods: Using data from a community cross-sectional survey in six districts (Amudat, Kaberamaido, Kasese, Moroto, Tororo and Pader) in Uganda, a binary logistic regression model was fitted to examine the variation in individual beliefs and socio-economic and demographic factors on ‘allowing adolescent girls to access contraception in a community’ – we refer to as a social norm. Results Results demonstrate that a higher proportion of respondents hold social norms that inhibit adolescent girls from accessing contraception in the community. After controlling for all variables, the likelihood for adolescent girls to be allowed access to contraception in the community was higher among respondents living in Kaberamaido (OR = 2.58; 95 %CI = 1.23–5.39), Kasese (OR = 2.62; 95 %CI = 1.25–5.47), Pader (OR = 4.35; 95 %CI = 2.15–8.79) and Tororo (OR = 9.44; 95 %CI = 4.59–19.37), those aged 30–34 years likely (OR = 1.73; 95 %CI = 1.03–2.91). However, the likelihood for respondents living in Moroto to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception was lower (OR = 0.27; 95 %CI = 0.11–0.68) compared to respondents living in Amudat. Respondents who were not formally employed (OR = 0.63; 95 %CI = 0.43–0.91), and those who agreed that withdrawal prevents pregnancy (OR = 0.45; 95 %CI = 0.35–0.57) were less likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception in the community. Respondents who agreed that a girl who is sexually active can use contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy (OR = 1.84; 95 %CI = 1.33–2.53), unmarried women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 2.15; 95 %CI = 1.61–2.88), married women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI = 0.99–2.39) and women know where to obtain contraception for prevention against pregnancy (OR = 2.35; 95 %CI = 1.19–4.65) were more likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for context specific ASRH programs that take into account the differences in attitudes and social norms that affect access and use of contraception by adolescents.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents, northwest Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248821
Author(s):  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽  
Mehari Woldemariam Merid ◽  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Demiss Mulatu Geberu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Significant Factors

Background COVID-19 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing global outbreak of acute respiratory disease and viral pneumonia. In order to tackle the devastating condition of the virus, countries need to attack the virus with aggressive and targeted tactics. Thus, to strengthen the COVID-19 mitigation measures and to give rapid response, there is an urgent need to understand the public’s knowledge and attitude about of the pandemic at this critical moment. Objective This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of communities about COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was done among 623 respondents in Gondar city from April 20-27/2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. The data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into STATA version 14 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression were performed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p value less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Results The overall knowledge and attitude of the community towards COVID19 was 51.85% [95% CI (47.91%-55.78%)] and 53.13% [95% CI (49.20, 57.06%)], respectively. In this study, being married [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.42, 0.86)], educational level; primary [AOR = 3.14 at 95% CI: (1.78,5.54)], secondary [AOR = 2.81 at 95% CI: (1.70,4.63)], college and above [AOR = 4.49 at 95% CI: 7.92, 13.98)], and family size [AOR = 1.80, at 95% CI: (1.05, 3.08)] were emerged as statistically significant factors impacting the knowledge of the community about COVID-19. Besides, educational level; primary [AOR = 1.76 at 95% CI: (1.03, 3.01)], secondary [AOR = 1.69 at 95% CI: (1.07, 2.68)], and college & above [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.50, 3.79)], and family size; four to six members [AOR = 1.84 at 95% CI (1.27, 2.67)], above seven members [AOR = 1.79 at 95% CI (1.08, 2.96)] were factors identified as significantly attribute for positive attitude of the communities towards COVID-19. Conclusion More than half of the respondents had better knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19. Higher educational level and larger family size were significant factors predominantly affecting the knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19.

scholarly journals Family size and marital age

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 107-11
Author(s):  
Helena Siregar ◽  
Azwin Lubis ◽  
M. Arif Nasution ◽  
Indra Kesuma Nasution ◽  
Thamrin Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of Marriage ◽  
The Impact

A cross sectional study about the relationships between family size and marital age and the impact of educatimt, occupation and family planning programme was conducted in the region of South Tapanuli North Sumatera. The study was performed on 246 married couples by simple random sampling of households in the villages Pakantea, Tamiang, Muarasoro and Sumuran, during the period of September 25 up to October 3, 1982. The eariiest age of marriage for women was 14 years, ancl the latest 20 years. Most of the women (68%) married at 15-20 year. The main education of responders were primary school (67%). The occupational status was mostly (90%) farmer. The mean family size under 20 years old was 6.3 and over 20 years, 5.3. Fertility rate under 20 years was still high. Family Planning was not yet widely accepted in this area.

scholarly journals Relationship between Determinants of Health, Equity, and Dimensions of Health Literacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Cabellos-García ◽  
Enrique Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Sabater ◽  
Miguel Ángel Díaz-Herrera ◽  
Ana Ocaña-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Individual Level

Background: Health literacy (HL) has been linked to empowerment, use of health services, and equity. Evaluating HL in people with cardiovascular health problems would facilitate the development of suitable health strategies care and reduce inequity. Aim: To investigate the relationship between different dimensions that make up HL and social determinants in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients with cardiovascular disease, aged 50–85 years, accessing primary care services in Valencia (Spain) in 2018–2019. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used. Results: 252 patients. Age was significantly related with the ability to participate with healthcare providers (p = 0.043), ability to find information (p = 0.022), and understanding information correctly to know what to do (p = 0.046). Level of education was significant for all HL dimensions. Patients without studies scored lower in all dimensions. The low- versus middle-class social relationship showed significant results in all dimensions. Conclusions: In patients with cardiovascular disease, level of education and social class were social determinants associated with HL scores. Whilst interventions at individual level might address some HL deficits, inequities in access to cardiovascular care and health outcomes would remain unjustly balanced unless structural determinants of HL are taken into account.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Melku ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Meseret Alem ◽  
Bamlaku Enawgaw
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Anemia ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anaemia is a global public health problem which has an eminence impact on pregnant mother. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of maternal anemia.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2012, on 302 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Gondar University Hospital. Interview-based questionnaire, clinical history, and laboratory tests were used to obtain data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors.Result. The prevalence of anemia was 16.6%. Majority were mild type (64%) and morphologically normocytic normochromic (76%) anemia. Anemia was high at third trimester (18.9%). Low family income (AOR [95% CI] = 3.1 [1.19, 8.33]), large family size (AOR [95% CI] = 4.14 [4.13, 10.52]),hookworminfection (AOR [95% CI] = 2.72 [1.04, 7.25]), andHIVinfection (AOR [95% CI] = 5.75 [2.40, 13.69]) were independent predictors of anemia.Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia was high; mild type and normocytic normochromic anemia was dominant. Low income, large family size,hookworminfection, and HIV infection were associated with anemia. Hence, efforts should be made for early diagnosis and management ofHIVandhookworminfection with special emphasis on those having low income and large family size.

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