scholarly journals CONGESTION IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND PRIVATE INVESTMENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Moses Marang’a ◽  
Duncan Ouma ◽  
George Kosimbei
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Private Investments

Purpose: Public goods and services play a vital role in a given economy. Most importantly, optimal supply of public goods and services is desirable. The justice system services are public services that, as argued by most economists and governments, would be expected to spur the growth of private investment. However, these services are prone to congestion which may influence their supply and level of use. This study investigated the effect of congestion in the justice system on private investments growth in Kenya. Methodology: Drawing from the modified neoclassical theory of investment, a government service characterized by congestion was integrated as an input in the firm’s production function to derive a structural model for private investment growth. Utilizing data for the period 1960 to 2016, two-stage least square (2SLS) instrumental variable (IV) method was used for estimation. Results: The study found that congestion in the justice system reduces growth of private investment. This implies that congestion increases firm’s adjustment costs, decrease their profitability and consequently reduces capital accumulation. Recommendation: To enhance the growth of private investments, we recommend reduction of congestion in the justice system to the possible minimum. This can be achieved by upscaling resolution of disputes out of court to reduce inflow of new caseload. Consequently, the waiting period between hearings and mentions for existing cases would reduce translating to speedy conclusion of cases. The justice system institutions with involvement of litigants and their legal representatives should continuously undertake activities targeting rapid finalization of old cases, but not at the expense of inbound demand for justice. Consequently, congestion would diminish creating a legal and contracting environment characterized by minimal delay hence supporting accumulation of capital.

scholarly journals Analyze the Effectiveness of Resource Mobilizations of Local Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Kharel ◽  
Suman Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Authorization Control

Local governments are the closest administrative units which deliver public services to the grassroots level of citizens. Local governments enhance the access of services to the citizens. Effectiveness of budget implementation depends on the absorptive capacity of local governments and local level transparency in their affairs. The effectiveness of budget implementation is measured in terms mobilization of local resources and development of surrounding. Through the local resource mobilization, countries accelerate their economic growth by raising and spending their own funds for public goods and services such as schools, hospitals, clean water, electricity and roads. Local government investment in their own public goods and services in infrastructure is also essential for attracting private investment and laying the foundation of long term economic growth. The Constitution of Nepal 2015 defines Nepal as a federal democratic republic organized three level governments as federal, province and local. Local governments are the development partners to the central government need to mobilize enough revenue locally to support the central government development agenda. Inadequate financial resources can undermine the effective implementation of developmental projects in Nepal. Budgets are important as they prudential manage scarce financial resources and at the same time serve as a means of expenditure authorization, control and evaluation base.

scholarly journals The impact of credit rationing on farmer’s economic equilibrium

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Čechura
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Economic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Investment ◽  
Dynamic Optimization Model ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of the impact of credit rationing on farmer’s economic equilibrium. The analysis is carried out based on the derived dynamic optimization model, which is the dynamic investment model with adjustment costs. The credit rationing is introduced by imposing an upper limit on the control variable, which is in this case represented by the investment spending. Then, the optimal control is used to solve the optimization problem in the situation of both with and without credit constraints. Finally, the situations without and with credit rationing are compared. The results show that the occurrence of credit rationing or in general financial constraints significantly determines the capital accumulation and investment decisions of farmers and as a result their supply functions.

scholarly journals Banking Sector Development, Inflation and Economic Growth in Asian Countries: A Panel Causality and Co-Integration Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Nazir ◽  
Rehana Tabassam ◽  
Ifran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
Integration Test

This study investigates the causal relationship between banking sector development, inflation, and economic growth for six Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) over the period of 1970-2016. Using a Pedroni panel, Kao co-integration test, Panel Granger causality-based Error Correction Model, Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), this study finds that the development of the banking sector generally has a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run. This results show that in the long-run, monetary policy play a vital role in the economic growth. This study also confirmed the response causality between the indicators of banking sector development and economic growth. Based on the empirical findings, this research provides important policy implications to the banking sector and economic supervisory bodies in order to achieve the long run economic growth.

scholarly journals A New Era of Collaborative Government-Nonprofit Relations in the U.S.?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Casey
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
New Era ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The U.S

The growth of the nonprofit sector in the last decades and its greater salience in the delivery of public goods and services has been accompanied by the development of new institutions and processes for managing the relations between nonprofits and governments. This article documents a number of recent initiatives to strengthen government-nonprofit relations in the U.S. and analyzes the policy agendas that are driving them.

Structural Performance of Typical Beam-Column Joints in Yingxian Wood Pagoda - An Experimental Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Chen ◽  
En Chun Zhu ◽  
Jing Long Pan ◽  
Guo Fang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Ancient Wood ◽  
Non Destructive

Yingxian Wood Pagoda, built in 1056, is located in the town of Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, China. It is the oldest and highest standing ancient wood structure in China. The pagoda is octagon-shaped in plan, with a total height of 67.31m and a base diameter of 30.27m. It appears as a five-storeyed structure, but actually consists of nine storeys, with four shorter but stiffer storeys hidden between the five apparent storeys. Yingxian Wood Pagoda was built without any metal connectors like nail, screw, or bolt. Instead, Tenon-Mortise connections and Dou-Gong brackets were used to connect all posts and beams. Tenon-Mortise connections and Dou-Gong brackets have been playing a vital role for the pagoda to resist severe winds, earthquakes and some human-induced disasters for nearly a thousand years. To evaluate the safety of the pagoda, it is, therefore, useful to investigate the structural performance of the beam-column joints, most important for Yingxian Wood Pagoda to resist lateral load. In this study, two models of typical beam-column joints of the pagoda, MBCJ-I and MBCJ-II, were manufactured following a ratio of 3.4 to the prototype of the joints. Non-destructive cyclic loading test of the models under different vertical load and destructive cyclic test of the models under vertical load of 20kN were conducted. The hysteretic stiffness of MBCJ-I was lager than MBCJ-II, and increased linearly with vertical load N. The relationship between and N was obtained by regression of the test results using the least square method. The stiffness of model joint under vertical load was 70.6kN/mm. The failure modes, energy-dissipation performance, moment resistance and bending stiffness of both model joints were derived and discussed.

scholarly journals Blue Ocean Leadership and Emotional Intelligence in Government Link Companies (GLCs): Preparing for Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Wan Noordiana Wan Hanafi ◽  
Salina Daud ◽  
Nur Lyana Baharin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
The Government

This research is carried out to examine the influences of blue ocean leadership styles on emotional intelligence. A stratified random sampling technique is used to identify the sample for this study. Questionnaire is distributed to 120 middle to top level leaders from the selected government link companies (GLCs) which is listed in the Government Link Transformation Programme (GLTP). A partial least square structural model (PLS-SEM) approach is used to analyses the data for this study. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between blue ocean leadership style and emotional intelligence. This study would give practical implications where it could inform leaders that they need to have high emotional intelligence in order to lead the organization. This study also contributes to new knowledge by pointing to the leadership role of accurate attributions, where each attribution can lead to enhancing leader effectiveness.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Riau tahun 2000-2018

SOROT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Miftakul Khoiri ◽  
Syapsan Syapsan ◽  
Sri Endang Kornita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang berbeda pada sumber daya di setiap daerah, yaitu investasi, tenaga kerja dan teknologi sebagai faktor pembentuk output perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara investasi dalam bentuk Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA), Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN), belanja modal pemerintah, angkatan kerja dan ekspor dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat pengaruh besarnya faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Riau 2000-2018. Untuk kepentingan khusus penelitian dengan tujuan melihat pengaruh krisis keuangan global tahun 2008 terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi maka dimasukkan variabel dummy krisis keuangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode regresi berganda log-log linier dan data time series. Model diestimasi dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PMA, PMDN, angkatan kerja dan ekspor signifikan positif mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diukur dengan nilai Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). Begitu juga dengan dummy krisis keuangan global meskipun berlangsung singkat ternyata berpengaruh terhadap PDRB di Provinsi Riau. Namun demikian ditemukan bahwa belanja modal pemerintah tidak signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PDRB.There are some problems in resources of the regions, namely investment, labour force, and technology as the component factors to make the output of the region’s economy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between investment as consist of foreign direct investment (FDI), private investment, government capital expenditure, labour force, export and economic growth to the gross regional domestic product growth of regency in Riau Province 2000-2018. For the specific purpose of describing global financial crises in 2008 influence the economic growth, we put the dummy variable of the financial crisis in the model. This research is quantitative descriptive with the multiple regression model of log-linear and time series method using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The study shows that government capital expenditure is statistically not significant to affect the gross regional domestic product growth. FDI, private investment, labour force and export is statistically significant to affect the gross regional domestic product growth. As well as a dummy of the global financial crisis is statistically significant to affect the gross regional domestic product growth.

scholarly journals Profit Motive, Stakeholder Needs and Economic Dimension of Corporate Social Responsibility: Analysis on The Moderating Role of Religiosity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Ahmadu Hamidu ◽  
Md. Harashid Haron ◽  
Azlan Amran
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Profit Motive ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Stakeholder Needs

Economic dimension of corporate social responsibility (CSR) represent the main aim of establishing all forms of business organizations. The outcome from all transactions translate into the process of attaining continuity, growth, satisfactory returns, maximization of shareholders wealth and provision of goods and services to the community. Achievement of all these goals depends on how managers are able to perfect the profit motive objective and satisfy the needs of all stakeholders. A total of 164 respondents who are the managers responsible for decision making on all corporate social responsibility activities were engaged in answering the questionnaire for this study. The managers were representing different sub sectors of the Nigerian financial sector. A statistical analysis on the data was done by using the partial least square approach (PLS-SEM). Results from the analysis revealed that both profit motive and stakeholder needs are positively related with the economic dimension of CSR. Religiosity of managers is also positively related with ability of managers to attain economic responsibilities they were employed to achieve. With the role of religiosity as a significant moderating factor managers are expected to align CSR activities with accepted religious values that instills hard work, trust and assistance to stakeholders to fulfill the overall economic dimension of corporate social responsibility.

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